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Prevalence of chlamydiae in dairy cattle herds and factors contributing to the spread of infections

Mońika Szymańska-Czerwińska

Mońika Szymańska-Czerwińska

  • Department of Cattle and Sheep DiseasesPuławy, Poland
  • Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzębiec, Poland
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Szymańska-Czerwińska, Mońika
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Agnieszka Jodełko

Agnieszka Jodełko

Department of Cattle and Sheep DiseasesPuławy, Poland
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Jodełko, Agnieszka
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Zbigniew Osiński

Zbigniew Osiński

Department of Hygiene of Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research InstitutePuławy, Poland
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Osiński, Zbigniew
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Kinga Zaręba-Marchewka

Kinga Zaręba-Marchewka

Department of Cattle and Sheep DiseasesPuławy, Poland
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Zaręba-Marchewka, Kinga
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Krzysztof Niemczuk

Krzysztof Niemczuk

  • Department of Cattle and Sheep DiseasesPuławy, Poland
  • Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzębiec, Poland
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Niemczuk, Krzysztof
  
31. Dez. 2024
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Online veröffentlicht: 31. Dez. 2024
Seitenbereich: 531 - 538
Eingereicht: 10. Sept. 2024
Akzeptiert: 24. Dez. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0071
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© 2024 Monika Szymańska-Czerwińska et al., published by Sciendo
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Fig 1.

True seroprevalence of chlamydiae at animal and herd level in cattle herds in the voivodeships of Poland based on serum analyses by complement fixation test. TPH – true-positive herds; TPA – true-positive animals; Voivodeships: GP – Greater Poland; PDL – Podlaskie; SW – Świętokrzyskie, LDZ – Łódź; KP – Kuyavia-Pomerania; MAS – Masovia; OPO – Opole; LP – Lesser Poland; SUB – Subcarpathia; WP – West Pomerania; LB – Lublin; SL – Silesia; POM – Pomerania; LS – Lower Silesia; LU – Lubusz; WM – Warmia-Masuria – the size of the symbol corresponds to the number of cows in the voivodeship
True seroprevalence of chlamydiae at animal and herd level in cattle herds in the voivodeships of Poland based on serum analyses by complement fixation test. TPH – true-positive herds; TPA – true-positive animals; Voivodeships: GP – Greater Poland; PDL – Podlaskie; SW – Świętokrzyskie, LDZ – Łódź; KP – Kuyavia-Pomerania; MAS – Masovia; OPO – Opole; LP – Lesser Poland; SUB – Subcarpathia; WP – West Pomerania; LB – Lublin; SL – Silesia; POM – Pomerania; LS – Lower Silesia; LU – Lubusz; WM – Warmia-Masuria – the size of the symbol corresponds to the number of cows in the voivodeship

Fig. 2.

Multivariate analysis of the presence of antibodies against chlamydiae in sera at herd and animal level, the geographical location of the farms and the dairy cow stock in the voivodeship and the positive and negative conformity rates between the results of serological screening for chlamydiae and Coxiella burnetii in the same sera samples. Blue points represent each category of analysed variables. Blue points with similar profiles (low value of distances indicating a strong association between variables) are marked by the red rectangles. Blue points located in the green rectangle in the graph’s centre show the points with similar profiles but representing eigenvalues indicating the lack of any association. Blue points located in the dashed rectangle shows the points with similar profiles but representing eigenvalues indicating the association with more than one groups ACh+ – seroprevalence of chlamydiae at animal level; HCh+ – seroprevalence of chlamydiae at herd level; CP – dairy cattle population; Con Pos Q/Ch – conformity between positive results of presence of Chlamydia spp. and Coxiella burnetii antibodies in the same sera samples; Con Neg Q/Ch – conformity between negative results of presence of Chlamydia spp. and Coxiella burnetii antibodies in the same sera samples. Voivodeships: GP – Greater Poland; PDL – Podlaskie; SW – Świętokrzyskie, LDZ – Łódź; KP – Kuyavia-Pomerania; MAS – Masovia; OPO – Opole; LP – Lesser Poland; SUB – Subcarpathia; WP – West Pomerania; LB – Lublin; SL – Silesia; POM – Pomerania; LS – Lower Silesia; LU – Lubusz; WM – Warmia-Masuria
Multivariate analysis of the presence of antibodies against chlamydiae in sera at herd and animal level, the geographical location of the farms and the dairy cow stock in the voivodeship and the positive and negative conformity rates between the results of serological screening for chlamydiae and Coxiella burnetii in the same sera samples. Blue points represent each category of analysed variables. Blue points with similar profiles (low value of distances indicating a strong association between variables) are marked by the red rectangles. Blue points located in the green rectangle in the graph’s centre show the points with similar profiles but representing eigenvalues indicating the lack of any association. Blue points located in the dashed rectangle shows the points with similar profiles but representing eigenvalues indicating the association with more than one groups ACh+ – seroprevalence of chlamydiae at animal level; HCh+ – seroprevalence of chlamydiae at herd level; CP – dairy cattle population; Con Pos Q/Ch – conformity between positive results of presence of Chlamydia spp. and Coxiella burnetii antibodies in the same sera samples; Con Neg Q/Ch – conformity between negative results of presence of Chlamydia spp. and Coxiella burnetii antibodies in the same sera samples. Voivodeships: GP – Greater Poland; PDL – Podlaskie; SW – Świętokrzyskie, LDZ – Łódź; KP – Kuyavia-Pomerania; MAS – Masovia; OPO – Opole; LP – Lesser Poland; SUB – Subcarpathia; WP – West Pomerania; LB – Lublin; SL – Silesia; POM – Pomerania; LS – Lower Silesia; LU – Lubusz; WM – Warmia-Masuria

Results of complement fixation tests for chlamydiae on dairy cow serum samples at herd and animal level in each Polish voivodeship

Group Voivodeship Animals Herds
Number tested % positive % positive (Clopper– Pearson 95% CI) % true positive (95% CI) Number tested % positive % positive (Clopper– Pearson 95% CI) % true positive (95% CI)
G1, G5 Greater Poland 146 54 37.0 (29.2–45.4) 40.3 (26.9–95.5) 19 14 73.7 (48.8–90.9) 73.7 (51.6–89.2)c, d, l, o
G1 Podlaskie 175 64 36.6 (29.4–44.2) 39.9 (26.8–94.5) 97 43 44.3 (34.2–54.8) 44.3 (34.7–54.2)i
G1 Świętokrzyskie 120 46 38.3 (29.6–47.6) 43.3 (28.3–95.9) 60 29 48.3 (35.2–61.6) 48.3 (36.0–60.8)k
G1 Łódź 196 71 36.2 (29.5–43.4) 41.0 (27.0–95.1) 160 64 40 (32.3–48.0) 40 (32.6–47.7)d, e
G1 Kuyavia-Pomerania 250 90 36.0 (30.0–42.3) 37.8 (26.4–93.5) 152 68 44.7 (36.7–53.0) 44.7 (37.0–52.7)a, b
G2, G5 Masovia 164 46 28.0 (21.3–35.6) 30.0 (15.3–76.8) 27 16 59.3 (38.8–77.6) 59.3 (40.6–76.1)g
G2 Opole 200 54 27.0 (21.0–33.7) 28.8 (14.4–71.9) 54 33 61.1 (46.9–74.1) 61.1 (47.8–73.3)d, h
G2 Lesser Poland 90 23 25.6 (16.9–35.8) 26.7 (10.4–73.4) 10 8 80.0 (44.4–97.5) 80 (49.7–95.6)c, d, f
G2 Subcarpathia 178 43 24.2 (18.1–31.1) 24.6 (10.2–63.3) 173 41 23.7 (17.6–30.7) 23.7 (17.8–30.6)a, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m
G2 West Pomerania 245 83 33.9 (23.8–37.2) 35.6 (24.0–90.7) 43 29 67.4 (51.5–80.9) 67.4 (52.7–80.0)b, c, d, m, n, p
G3 Lublin 112 32 28.3 (20.2–37.6) 31.3 (15.4–78.8) 60 22 36.7 (24.6–50.1) 36.7 (25.3–49.3)c
G3 Silesia 220 66 30.0 (24.0–36.5) 32.0 (19.3–80.2) 58 23 39.7 (27.0–53.6) 39.7 (27.8–52.5)h
G3 Pomerania 192 58 30.2 (23.8–37.2) 33.9 (18.8–80.1) 87 42 48.3 (37.4–59.2) 48.3 (38.0–58.7)j
G3 Lower Silesia 250 73 29.2 (23.6–35.3) 30.7 (18.0–77.1) 39 17 43.6 (27.8–60.3) 43.6 (28.9–59.1)
G3 Lubusz 91 28 30.8 (21.5–41.3) 34.2 (17.0–87.3) 48 19 39.6 (25.8–54.7) 39.6 (26.7–53.7)
G4 Warmia-Masuria 150 35 23.3 (16.8–30.9) 23.9 (8.5–63.0) 66 24 36.4 (24.9–49.1) 36.4 (25.5–48.4)e, o, p
Total/mean 2,780 866 31.2 (29.4–32.9) 33.3 (21.2–76.8) 1,153 492 42.7 (39.8–45.6) 42.7 (39.8–45.5)
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