The efficiency of mycotoxin binding by sorbents in the in vitro model using a naturally contaminated animal feed

Fig. 1.

Mycotoxin sorption results for the selected sorbents in the gastric phase (pH 3_5)

	DON	FB1	FB2	HT-2	OTA	AFL B1	T-2	ZEN
Bentonite	10%	21%	33%	9%	0%	100%	4%	5%
Calcium bentonite	4%	93%	91%	10%	14%	100%	12%	12%
Zeolite	1%	71%	85%	3%	3%	100%	1%	1%
Calcium lignosulphonate	87%	-*	-*	54%	52%	0%	31%	17%
Activated charcoal	70%	94%	80%	100%	99%	100%	99%	98%
Sepiolite	3%	91%	83%	72%	94%	100%	93%	96%
Silica	3%	12%	27%	8%	1%	84%	1%	1%
Attapulgite	7%	9%	79%	13%	21%	100%	32%	27%
Ground attapulgite	2%	38%	34%	10%	17%	100%	32%	52%

Mycotoxin levels in tested feed samples spiked with a mixture of standards

Mycotoxin	Spiking level (μg/kg)
Aflatoxin B1	5
Deoxynivalenol	900
T-2 toxin	50
HT-2 toxin	50
Ochratoxin A	50
Fumonisin B1	250
Fumonisin B2	250
Zearalenone	100

Results of mycotoxins binding by sorbents in trial with naturally contaminated feed in the gastric (pH 3_5) and intestinal (pH 7_0) phases

	DON pH 3.5	DON pH 7.0	OTA pH 3.5	OTA pH 7.0	ZEN pH 3.5	ZEN pH 7.0
Bentonite	5%	-*	30%	92%	9%	-*
Calcium bentonite	1%	-*	35%	70%	9%	-*
Zeolite	4%	-*	54%	65%	10%	-*
Calcium lignosulphonate	11%	-*	34%	50%	7%	-*
Activated charcoal	3%	-*	39%	70%	4%	-*
Sepiolite	1%	-*	53%	89%	6%	-*
Silica	4%	-*	49%	81%	11%	-*
Attapulgite	2%	-*	54%	76%	8%	-*
Ground attapulgite	3%	-*	55%	87%	5%	-*

Mycotoxin binding results for the mixture of sepiolite and calcium lignosulphonate

	DON	OTA	ZEN
Sepiolite: calcium lignosulfonate 20 : 80	72%	29%	36%
Sepiolite: calcium lignosulfonate 40 : 60	75%	63%	41%
Sepiolite: calcium lignosulfonate 60 : 40	71%	68%	78%
Sepiolite: calcium lignosulfonate 80 : 20	62%	82%	82%

Mycotoxin desorption results for the selected sorbents in the intestinal phase (pH 7_0)

	DON	FB1	FB2	HT-2	OTA	AFL B1	T-2	ZEN
Bentonite	-*	56%	40%	-*	-*	0%	-*	-*
Calcium bentonite	-*	73%	45%	-*	-*	0%	-*	-*
Zeolite	-*	80%	56%	-*	-*	0%	-*	-*
Calcium lignosulphonate	100%	100%	100%	100%	100%	-*	100%	-*
Activated charcoal	59%	2%	2%	0%	0%	0%	1%	1%
Sepiolite	-*	22%	13%	58%	17%	0%	20%	5%
Silica	-*	-*	100%	-*	-*	40%	-*	-*
Attapulgite	-*	-*	24%	-*	77%	0%	95%	74%
Ground attapulgite	-*	46%	23%	-*	83%	0%	87%	72%