Antimicrobial agents | Number (%) of isolates |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serogroup IIa (n =146) | Serogroup IVb (n = 137) | |||||||
Raw meat (n = 31) | Ready-to-eat food (n = 63) | Food-production environment (n = 52) | Total (%) | Raw meat (n = 21) | Ready-to-eat food (n = 108) | Food-production environment (n = 8) | Total (%) | |
AMP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
AXO | 17 | 38 | 40 | 95 (65.1) |
21 | 98 | 7 | 126 (92.0) |
CIP | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 (2.1) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.7) |
CLI | 8 | 17 | 8 | 33 (22.6) | 2 | 25 | 0 | 27 (19.7) |
ERY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
GAT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
GEN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
LEVO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.7) |
LZD | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 (1.4) | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 (3.6) |
OXA | 9 | 25 | 6 | 40 (27.4) |
11 | 79 | 3 | 93 (67.9) |
PEN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SYN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
RIF | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
STR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TET | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.7) |
SXT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
VAN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Antimicrobial resistance profile | Number (%) of resistant isolates | ||
---|---|---|---|
Serogroup IIa (n = 119) | Serogroup IVb (n = 130) | Total (n = 249) | |
AXO | 59 (49.6) |
35 (26.9) |
94 (37.8) |
OXA | 14 (11.8) |
3 (2.3) |
17 (6.8) |
CLI | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
AXO-OXA | 9 (7.6) |
63 (48.5) |
72 (28.9) |
AXO-CLI | 14 (11.8) |
0 |
14 (5.6) |
CLI-OXA | 8 (6.7) |
1 (0.8) |
9 (3.6) |
AXO-CIP | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (0.8) |
AXO-TET | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.4) |
CLI-LZD | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
AXO-CLI-OXA | 7 (5.9) |
20 (15.4) |
27 (10.8) |
AXO-CIP-TET | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
AXO-OXA-RIF | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
AXO-CIP-OXA | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
AXO-CLI-ERY | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
AXO-CLI-LZD | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
AXO-CLI-LZD-OXA | 0 |
5 (3.8) |
5 (2.0) |
AXO-CLI-LEVO-OXA | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.4) |
Target gene | Primer name | Primer sequence (5′ → 3′) |
---|---|---|
lmo0737F | AGGGCTTCAAGGACTTACCC | |
lmo0737R | ACGATTTCTGCTTGCCATTC | |
lmo1118F | AGGGGTCTTAAATCCTGGAA | |
lmo1118R | CGGCTTGTTCGGCATACTTA | |
ORF2819F | AGCAAAATGCCAAAACTCGT | |
ORF2819R | CATCACTAAAGCCTCCCATTG | |
ORF2110F | AGTGGACAATTGATTGGTGAA | |
ORF2110R | CATCCATCCCTTACTTTGGAC | |
prsR | GCTGAAGAGATTGCGAAAGAAG | |
prsF | CAAAGAAACCTTGGATTTGCGG |