<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2023-0002_s_005"><h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Mycotoxins in dairy cows can cause many non-specific symptoms often resulting from immune system overreaction. The study assessed the concentration of selected cytokines and acute phase proteins (APP) in cows with natural mycotoxicosis before and after using a mycotoxin neutraliser. The cytokines were tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the APP were serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp).</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2023-0002_s_006"><h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>The research was carried out on an experimental group (Exp) of 10 herdmate Holstein-Friesian cows with mycotoxicosis. The control group (Con) was 10 healthy cows of the same breed from a different herd. Cows in the Exp group were administered the mycotoxin deactivator Mycofix for three months. Blood was drawn from Exp cows once before administering Mycofix and a second time after three months of its use. Blood was also drawn from Con cows at the same times. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, SAA and Hp were assessed using ELISA.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2023-0002_s_007"><h3>Results</h3>
<p>The concentrations of all cytokines and Hp in Exp cows were higher before treatment (P &lt; 0.001) than those in Con cows. After three months of administering Mycofix, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower than their pre-treatment levels (P &lt; 0.001). The concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and Hp were still significantly higher than those in the Con group (P &lt; 0.001). In cows with mycotoxicosis, simultaneous stimulation of antagonistic processes was noted: a pro-inflammatory process in the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6, and an anti-inflammatory one in the upregulation of IL-10.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2023-0002_s_008"><h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Despite the absorbent’s use and the resolution of clinical symptoms in Exp cows, high levels of IL-10 and Hp and IL-6 were maintained. Assessment of the level of cytokines and APP appears to be a useful and precise tool for the evaluation and application of the appropriate dose of the mycotoxin absorbent or the evaluation of its effectiveness.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Mycotoxins in dairy cows can cause many non-specific symptoms often resulting from immune system overreaction. The study assessed the concentration of selected cytokines and acute phase proteins (APP) in cows with natural mycotoxicosis before and after using a mycotoxin neutraliser. The cytokines were tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the APP were serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp).
Material and Methods
The research was carried out on an experimental group (Exp) of 10 herdmate Holstein-Friesian cows with mycotoxicosis. The control group (Con) was 10 healthy cows of the same breed from a different herd. Cows in the Exp group were administered the mycotoxin deactivator Mycofix for three months. Blood was drawn from Exp cows once before administering Mycofix and a second time after three months of its use. Blood was also drawn from Con cows at the same times. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, SAA and Hp were assessed using ELISA.
Results
The concentrations of all cytokines and Hp in Exp cows were higher before treatment (P < 0.001) than those in Con cows. After three months of administering Mycofix, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower than their pre-treatment levels (P < 0.001). The concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and Hp were still significantly higher than those in the Con group (P < 0.001). In cows with mycotoxicosis, simultaneous stimulation of antagonistic processes was noted: a pro-inflammatory process in the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6, and an anti-inflammatory one in the upregulation of IL-10.
Conclusion
Despite the absorbent’s use and the resolution of clinical symptoms in Exp cows, high levels of IL-10 and Hp and IL-6 were maintained. Assessment of the level of cytokines and APP appears to be a useful and precise tool for the evaluation and application of the appropriate dose of the mycotoxin absorbent or the evaluation of its effectiveness.

Assessment of selected immunological parameters in dairy cows with naturally occurring mycotoxicosis before and after the application of a mycotoxin deactivator

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction
Mycotoxins in dairy cows can cause many non-specific symptoms often resulting from immune system overreaction. The study assessed the...

Dose component	Amount per cow, daily
Dose component	kg TMR	kg DM
Maize silage	25.0	8.8
Haylage	8.0	3.2
Ensiled brewer’s spent grain	8.0	2.7
Wheat straw	0.8	0.7
Ensiled maize grain	2.5	1.7
Barley ground grain	1.5	1.3
Triticale ground grain	1.5	1.3
Ground rapeseeds	2.7	2.2
Extracted soyabean meal	2.0	1.7
Glycerine	0.3	0.24
Vitamin and mineral mixture	0.2	0.18
Sodium bicarbonate	0.2	0.2
Calcium carbonate	0.05	0.05
Total	52.73	24.27

Assessment of selected immunological parameters in dairy cows with naturally occurring mycotoxicosis before and after the application of a mycotoxin deactivator

Online veröffentlicht: 17. Feb. 2023

Seitenbereich: 105 - 113

Eingereicht: 01. Juni 2022

Akzeptiert: 26. Jan. 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0002

Schlüsselwörter
acute phase proteins, cows, cytokine, mycotoxicosis, mycotoxin deactivator

© 2023 Brodzki et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Composition of the total mixed (TMR) and dry mass (DM) daily feed ration for lactating cows (kilograms/cow/day)

Assessment of selected immunological parameters in dairy cows with naturally occurring mycotoxicosis before and after the application of a mycotoxin deactivator

Online veröffentlicht: 17. Feb. 2023

Seitenbereich: 105 - 113

Eingereicht: 01. Juni 2022

Akzeptiert: 26. Jan. 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0002

Schlüsselwörteracute phase proteins, cows, cytokine, mycotoxicosis, mycotoxin deactivator

© 2023 Brodzki et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Composition of the total mixed (TMR) and dry mass (DM) daily feed ration for lactating cows (kilograms/cow/day)

Schlüsselwörter
acute phase proteins, cows, cytokine, mycotoxicosis, mycotoxin deactivator