Zitieren

Alke A., Schwantes A., Zemba M., Flügel R.M., Löchelt M.: Characterization of the humoral immune response and virus replication in cats experimentally infected with feline foamy virus. Virology 2000, 275, 170–176. Alke A. Schwantes A. Zemba M. Flügel R.M. Löchelt M. Characterization of the humoral immune response and virus replication in cats experimentally infected with feline foamy virus Virology 2000 275 170 17610.1006/viro.2000.0537Search in Google Scholar

Bandecchi P., Matteucci D., Baldinotti F., Guidi G., Abramo F., Tozzini F., Bendinelli M.: Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and other retroviral infections in sick cats in Italy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1992, 31, 337–345. Bandecchi P. Matteucci D. Baldinotti F. Guidi G. Abramo F. Tozzini F. Bendinelli M. Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and other retroviral infections in sick cats in Italy Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1992 31 337 34510.1016/0165-2427(92)90020-QSearch in Google Scholar

Bleiholder A.,, Mühle M., Hechler T., Bevins S., VandeWoude S., Denner J., Löchelt M.: Pattern of seroreactivity against feline foamy virus proteins in domestic cats from Germany. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011, 143, 292–300. Bleiholder A.Mühle M. Hechler T. Bevins S. VandeWoude S. Denner J. Löchelt M. Pattern of seroreactivity against feline foamy virus proteins in domestic cats from Germany Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011 143 292 30010.1016/j.vetimm.2011.06.00721724269Search in Google Scholar

Cavalcante L.T.F., Muniz C.P., Jia H., Augusto A.M., Troccoli F., Medeiros S.O., Dias C.G.A., Switzer W.M., Soares M.A., Santos A.F.: Clinical and molecular features of feline foamy virus and feline leukemia virus co-infection in naturally-infected cats. Viruses 2018, 10, 702, doi: 10.3390/v10120702. Cavalcante L.T.F. Muniz C.P. Jia H. Augusto A.M. Troccoli F. Medeiros S.O. Dias C.G.A. Switzer W.M. Soares M.A. Santos A.F. Clinical and molecular features of feline foamy virus and feline leukemia virus co-infection in naturally-infected cats Viruses 2018 10 702 10.3390/v10120702631598430544924Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Daniels M.J., Golder M.C., Jarrett O., MacDonald D.W.: Feline viruses in wildcats from Scotland. J Wildl Dis. 1999, 35, 121–124, doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-35.1.121. Daniels M.J. Golder M.C. Jarrett O. MacDonald D.W. Feline viruses in wildcats from Scotland J Wildl Dis 1999 35 121 124 10.7589/0090-3558-35.1.12110073361Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dannemiller N.G., Kechejian S., Kraberger S., Logan K., Alldredge M., Crooks K.R., VandeWoude S., Carver S.: Diagnostic Uncertainty and the Epidemiology of Feline Foamy Virus in Pumas (Puma concolor). Sci Rep 2020, 10, 1587. Dannemiller N.G. Kechejian S. Kraberger S. Logan K. Alldredge M. Crooks K.R. VandeWoude S. Carver S. Diagnostic Uncertainty and the Epidemiology of Feline Foamy Virus in Pumas (Puma concolor) Sci Rep 2020 10 158710.1038/s41598-020-58350-7699458832005906Search in Google Scholar

Flower R.L., Wilcox G.E., Cook R.D., Ellis T.M.: Detection and prevalence of serotypes of feline syncytial spumaviruses. Arch Virol 1985, 83, 53–63. Flower R.L. Wilcox G.E. Cook R.D. Ellis T.M. Detection and prevalence of serotypes of feline syncytial spumaviruses Arch Virol 1985 83 53 6310.1007/BF013109643918526Search in Google Scholar

Glaus T., Hofmann-Lehmann R., Greene C., Glaus B., Wolfensberger C., Lutz H.: Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae infection and correlation with disease status in cats in Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol 1997, 35, 2883–2885, doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.11.2883-2885.1997. Glaus T. Hofmann-Lehmann R. Greene C. Glaus B. Wolfensberger C. Lutz H. Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae infection and correlation with disease status in cats in Switzerland J Clin Microbiol 1997 35 2883 2885 10.1128/jcm.35.11.2883-2885.19972300809350752Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hahn H., Baunach G., Bräutigam S., Mergia A., Neumann-Haefelin D., Daniel M.D., McClure M.O., Rethwilm A.: Reactivity of primate sera to foamy virus Gag and Bet proteins. J Gen Virol 1994, 75, 2635–2644, doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-10-2635. Hahn H. Baunach G. Bräutigam S. Mergia A. Neumann-Haefelin D. Daniel M.D. McClure M.O. Rethwilm A. Reactivity of primate sera to foamy virus Gag and Bet proteins J Gen Virol 1994 75 2635 2644 10.1099/0022-1317-75-10-26357931149Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hooks J.J., Burns W., Hayashi K., Geis S., Notkins A.L.: Viral spread in the presence of neutralizing antibody: Mechanisms of persistence in foamy virus infection. Infect Immun 1976, 14, 1172–1178. Hooks J.J. Burns W. Hayashi K. Geis S. Notkins A.L. Viral spread in the presence of neutralizing antibody: Mechanisms of persistence in foamy virus infection Infect Immun 1976 14 1172 117810.1128/iai.14.5.1172-1178.1976415510185150Search in Google Scholar

Hooks J.J., Gibbs C.J.: The foamy viruses. Bacteriol Rev 1975, 39, 169–185. Hooks J.J. Gibbs C.J. The foamy viruses Bacteriol Rev 1975 39 169 18510.1128/br.39.3.169-185.1975Search in Google Scholar

Hussain A.I., Shanmugam V., Bhullar V.B., Beer B.E., Vallet D., Gautier-Hion A., Wolfe N.D., Karesh W.B., Kilbourn A.M., Tooze Z., Heneine W., Switzer W.M.: Screening for simian foamy virus infection by using a combined antigen Western blot assay: evidence for a wide distribution among Old World primates and identification of four new divergent viruses. Virology 2003, 309, 248–257. Hussain A.I. Shanmugam V. Bhullar V.B. Beer B.E. Vallet D. Gautier-Hion A. Wolfe N.D. Karesh W.B. Kilbourn A.M. Tooze Z. Heneine W. Switzer W.M. Screening for simian foamy virus infection by using a combined antigen Western blot assay: evidence for a wide distribution among Old World primates and identification of four new divergent viruses Virology 2003 309 248 25710.1016/S0042-6822(03)00070-9Search in Google Scholar

Kechejian S.R., Dannemiller N., Kraberger S., Ledesma Feliciano C., Löchelt M., Carver S., VandeWoude S.: Feline foamy virus seroprevalence and demographic risk factors in stray domestic cat populations in Colorado, Southern California and Florida, USA. J Feline Med Surg Open Reports 2019, 5, 205511691987373. Kechejian S.R. Dannemiller N. Kraberger S. Ledesma Feliciano C. Löchelt M. Carver S. VandeWoude S. Feline foamy virus seroprevalence and demographic risk factors in stray domestic cat populations in Colorado, Southern California and Florida, USA J Feline Med Surg Open Reports 2019 5 20551169198737310.1177/2055116919873736674786331555460Search in Google Scholar

Kechejian S.R., Dannemiller N., Kraberger S., Ledesma-Feliciano C., Malmberg J., Roelke Parker M., Cunningham M., McBride R., Riley S.P.D., Vickers W.T., Logan K., Alldredge M., Crooks K., Löchelt M., Carver S., VandeWoude S.: Feline Foamy Virus is Highly Prevalent in Free-Ranging Puma concolor from Colorado, Florida and Southern California. Viruses 2019, 11, 359. Kechejian S.R. Dannemiller N. Kraberger S. Ledesma-Feliciano C. Malmberg J. Roelke Parker M. Cunningham M. McBride R. Riley S.P.D. Vickers W.T. Logan K. Alldredge M. Crooks K. Löchelt M. Carver S. VandeWoude S. Feline Foamy Virus is Highly Prevalent in Free-Ranging Puma concolor from Colorado, Florida and Southern California Viruses 2019 11 35910.3390/v11040359652111731010173Search in Google Scholar

Kehl T., Tan J., Materniak M.: Non-simian foamy viruses: molecular virology, tropism and prevalence and zoonotic/interspecies transmission. Viruses 2013, 5, 2169–2209, doi: 10.3390/v5092169. Kehl T. Tan J. Materniak M. Non-simian foamy viruses: molecular virology, tropism and prevalence and zoonotic/interspecies transmission Viruses 2013 5 2169 2209 10.3390/v5092169379889624064793Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Khan A.S., Bodem J., Buseyne F., Gessain A., Johnson W., Kuhn J.H., Kuzmak J., Lindemann D., Linial M.L., Löchelt M., Materniak-Kornas M., Soares M.A., Switzer W.M.: Spumaretroviruses: Updated taxonomy and nomenclature. Virology 2018, 516, 158–164. Khan A.S. Bodem J. Buseyne F. Gessain A. Johnson W. Kuhn J.H. Kuzmak J. Lindemann D. Linial M.L. Löchelt M. Materniak-Kornas M. Soares M.A. Switzer W.M. Spumaretroviruses: Updated taxonomy and nomenclature Virology 2018 516 158 16410.1016/j.virol.2017.12.03529407373Search in Google Scholar

Khan A.S., Sears J.F., Muller J., Galvin T.A., Shahabuddin M.: Sensitive assays for isolation and detection of simian foamy retroviruses. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37, 2678–2686. Khan A.S. Sears J.F. Muller J. Galvin T.A. Shahabuddin M. Sensitive assays for isolation and detection of simian foamy retroviruses J Clin Microbiol 1999 37 2678 268610.1128/JCM.37.8.2678-2686.19998531310405421Search in Google Scholar

Lambert C., Batalie D., Montange T., Betsem E., Mouinga-Ondémé A., Njouom R., Gessain A., Buseyne F.: An Immunodominant and Conserved B-Cell Epitope in the Envelope of Simian Foamy Virus Recognized by Humans Infected with Zoonotic Strains from Apes. J Virol 2019, 93, e00068-19, doi: 10.1128/JVI.00068-19. Lambert C. Batalie D. Montange T. Betsem E. Mouinga-Ondémé A. Njouom R. Gessain A. Buseyne F. An Immunodominant and Conserved B-Cell Epitope in the Envelope of Simian Foamy Virus Recognized by Humans Infected with Zoonotic Strains from Apes J Virol 2019 93 e00068 19 10.1128/JVI.00068-19653207230894477Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lambert C., Couteaudier M., Gouzil J., Richard L., Montange T., Betsem E., Rua R., Tobaly-Tapiero J., Lindemann D., Njouom R., Mouinga-Ondémé A., Gessain A., Buseyne F.: Potent neutralizing antibodies in humans infected with zoonotic simian foamy viruses target conserved epitopes located in the dimorphic domain of the surface envelope protein. PLoS Pathog 2018, 14, e1007293, doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007293. Lambert C. Couteaudier M. Gouzil J. Richard L. Montange T. Betsem E. Rua R. Tobaly-Tapiero J. Lindemann D. Njouom R. Mouinga-Ondémé A. Gessain A. Buseyne F. Potent neutralizing antibodies in humans infected with zoonotic simian foamy viruses target conserved epitopes located in the dimorphic domain of the surface envelope protein PLoS Pathog 2018 14 e1007293 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007293619373930296302Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Ledesma-Feliciano C., Troyer R.M., Zheng X., Miller C., Cianciolo R., Bordicchia M., Dannemiller N., Gagne R., Beatty J., Quimby J., Löchelt M., VandeWoude S.: Feline Foamy Virus Infection: Characterization of Experimental Infection and Prevalence of Natural Infection in Domestic Cats with and without Chronic Kidney Disease. Viruses 2019, 11, 662. Ledesma-Feliciano C. Troyer R.M. Zheng X. Miller C. Cianciolo R. Bordicchia M. Dannemiller N. Gagne R. Beatty J. Quimby J. Löchelt M. VandeWoude S. Feline Foamy Virus Infection: Characterization of Experimental Infection and Prevalence of Natural Infection in Domestic Cats with and without Chronic Kidney Disease Viruses 2019 11 66210.3390/v11070662666952131330990Search in Google Scholar

Linial M.L.: Foamy viruses are unconventional retroviruses. J Virol 1999, 73, 1747–1755. Linial M.L. Foamy viruses are unconventional retroviruses J Virol 1999 73 1747 175510.1128/JVI.73.3.1747-1755.1999Search in Google Scholar

Materniak M., Hechler T., Lochelt M., Kuźmak J.: Similar Patterns of Infection with Bovine Foamy Virus in Experimentally Inoculated Calves and Sheep. J. Virol 2013, 87, 3516–3525. Materniak M. Hechler T. Lochelt M. Kuźmak J. Similar Patterns of Infection with Bovine Foamy Virus in Experimentally Inoculated Calves and Sheep J. Virol 2013 87 3516 352510.1128/JVI.02447-12Search in Google Scholar

Materniak-Kornas M., Löchelt M., Rola J., Kuźmak J.: Infection with foamy virus in wild ruminants–evidence for a new virus reservoir? Viruses 2020, 12, 12–16. Materniak-Kornas M. Löchelt M. Rola J. Kuźmak J. Infection with foamy virus in wild ruminants–evidence for a new virus reservoir? Viruses 2020 12 12 1610.3390/v12010058Search in Google Scholar

Miyazawa T., Ikeda Y., Maeda K., Horimoto T., Tohya Y., Mochizuki M., Vu D., V, G.D., Cu D.X., Ono K., Takahashi E., Mikami T.: Seroepidemiological survey of feline retrovirus infections in domestic and leopard cats in northern Vietnam in 1997. J Vet Med Sci 1998, 60, 1273–1275. Miyazawa T. Ikeda Y. Maeda K. Horimoto T. Tohya Y. Mochizuki M. Vu D. V G.D. Cu D.X. Ono K. Takahashi E. Mikami T. Seroepidemiological survey of feline retrovirus infections in domestic and leopard cats in northern Vietnam in 1997 J Vet Med Sci 1998 60 1273 127510.1292/jvms.60.1273Search in Google Scholar

Moskaluk A., Nehring M., VandeWoude S.: Serum Samples from Co-Infected and Domestic Cat Field Isolates Nonspecifically Bind FIV and Other Antigens in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays. Pathogens 2021, 10, doi: 10.3390/pathogens10060665. Moskaluk A. Nehring M. VandeWoude S. Serum Samples from Co-Infected and Domestic Cat Field Isolates Nonspecifically Bind FIV and Other Antigens in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays Pathogens 2021 10 10.3390/pathogens10060665Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Nakamura K., Miyazawa T., Ikeda Y., Sato E., Nishimura Y.: Contrastive Prevalence of Feline Retrovirus Infections between Northern and Southern Vietnam. Vet Med Sci 2000, 62, 921–923. Nakamura K. Miyazawa T. Ikeda Y. Sato E. Nishimura Y. Contrastive Prevalence of Feline Retrovirus Infections between Northern and Southern Vietnam Vet Med Sci 2000 62 921 92310.1292/jvms.62.921Search in Google Scholar

Pedersen N.C.: Feline retrovirus infections. Dev Biol Stand 1990, 72, 149–155. Pedersen N.C. Feline retrovirus infections Dev Biol Stand 1990 72 149 155Search in Google Scholar

Pedersen N.C., Pool R.R., O’Brien T.: Feline chronic progressive polyarthritis. Am J Vet Res 1980, 41, 522–535. Pedersen N.C. Pool R.R. O’Brien T. Feline chronic progressive polyarthritis Am J Vet Res 1980 41 522 535Search in Google Scholar

Phung H.T.T., Ikeda Y., Miyazawa T., Nakamura K., Mochizuki M., Izumiya Y., Sato E., Nishimura Y., Tohya Y., Takahashi E., Mikami T.: Genetic analyses of feline foamy virus isolates from domestic and wild feline species in geographically distinct areas. Virus Res 2001, 76, 171–181, doi: 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00275-1. Phung H.T.T. Ikeda Y. Miyazawa T. Nakamura K. Mochizuki M. Izumiya Y. Sato E. Nishimura Y. Tohya Y. Takahashi E. Mikami T. Genetic analyses of feline foamy virus isolates from domestic and wild feline species in geographically distinct areas Virus Res 2001 76 171 181 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00275-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Powers J.A., Chiu E.S., Kraberger S.J., Roelke-Parker M., Lowery I., Erbeck K., Troyer R., Carver S., VandeWoude S.: Feline leukemia virus disease outcomes in a domestic cat breeding colony: relationship to endogenous FeLV and other chronic viral infections. J Virol 2018, 92, e00649–18, doi: 10.1128/ JVI.000649-18. Powers J.A. Chiu E.S. Kraberger S.J. Roelke-Parker M. Lowery I. Erbeck K. Troyer R. Carver S. VandeWoude S. Feline leukemia virus disease outcomes in a domestic cat breeding colony: relationship to endogenous FeLV and other chronic viral infections J Virol 2018 92 e00649 18 10.1128/JVI.000649-18Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Richard L., Rua R., Betsem E., Mouinga-Ondémé A., Kazanji M., Leroy E., Njouom R., Buseyne F., Afonso P.V., Gessain A.: Cocirculation of Two env Molecular Variants, of Possible Recombinant Origin, in Gorilla and Chimpanzee Simian Foamy Virus Strains from Central Africa. J Virol 2015, 89, 12480–12491, doi: 10.1128/JVI.01798-15. Richard L. Rua R. Betsem E. Mouinga-Ondémé A. Kazanji M. Leroy E. Njouom R. Buseyne F. Afonso P.V. Gessain A. Cocirculation of Two env Molecular Variants, of Possible Recombinant Origin, in Gorilla and Chimpanzee Simian Foamy Virus Strains from Central Africa J Virol 2015 89 12480 12491 10.1128/JVI.01798-15466525626446599Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Riggs J.L., Oshiro L.S., Taylor D.O.N., Lennette E.H.: Syncytium-forming agent isolated from domestic cats. Nature 1969, 222, 1190–1191, doi: 10.1038/2221190a0. Riggs J.L. Oshiro L.S. Taylor D.O.N. Lennette E.H. Syncytium-forming agent isolated from domestic cats Nature 1969 222 1190 1191 10.1038/2221190a05788991Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Romen F., Pawlita M., Sehr P., Bachmann S., Schröder J., Lutz H., Löchelt M.: Antibodies against Gag are diagnostic markers for feline foamy virus infections while Env and Bet reactivity is undetectable in a substantial fraction of infected cats. Virology 2006, 345, 502–508. Romen F. Pawlita M. Sehr P. Bachmann S. Schröder J. Lutz H. Löchelt M. Antibodies against Gag are diagnostic markers for feline foamy virus infections while Env and Bet reactivity is undetectable in a substantial fraction of infected cats Virology 2006 345 502 50810.1016/j.virol.2005.10.022Search in Google Scholar

Rua R., Betsem E., Gessain A.: Viral latency in blood and saliva of simian foamy virus-infected humans. PLoS One 2013, 8, e77072, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077072. Rua R. Betsem E. Gessain A. Viral latency in blood and saliva of simian foamy virus-infected humans PLoS One 2013 8 e77072 10.1371/journal.pone.0077072Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Schwantes A., Ortlepp I., Löchelt M.: Construction and functional characterization of feline foamy virus-based retroviral vectors. Virology 2002, 301, 53–63, doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1543. Schwantes A. Ortlepp I. Löchelt M. Construction and functional characterization of feline foamy virus-based retroviral vectors Virology 2002 301 53 63 10.1006/viro.2002.1543Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Schwantes A., Truyen U., Weikel J., Löchelt M., Weiss C., Lo M.: Application of Chimeric Feline Foamy Virus-Based Retroviral Vectors for the Induction of Antiviral Immunity in Cats. J Virol 2003, 77, 7830–7842. Schwantes A. Truyen U. Weikel J. Löchelt M. Weiss C. Lo M. Application of Chimeric Feline Foamy Virus-Based Retroviral Vectors for the Induction of Antiviral Immunity in Cats J Virol 2003 77 7830 784210.1128/JVI.77.14.7830-7842.2003Search in Google Scholar

Winkler I.G., Flügel R.M., Löchelt M., Flower R.L.P.: Detection and molecular characterisation of feline foamy virus serotypes in naturally infected cats. Virology 1998, 247, 144–151. Winkler I.G. Flügel R.M. Löchelt M. Flower R.L.P. Detection and molecular characterisation of feline foamy virus serotypes in naturally infected cats Virology 1998 247 144 15110.1006/viro.1998.9232Search in Google Scholar

Winkler I.G., Löchelt M., Flower R.L.P.: Epidemiology of feline foamy virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in domestic and feral cats: a seroepidemiological study. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37, 2848–2851. Winkler I.G. Löchelt M. Flower R.L.P. Epidemiology of feline foamy virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in domestic and feral cats: a seroepidemiological study J Clin Microbiol 1999 37 2848 285110.1128/JCM.37.9.2848-2851.1999Search in Google Scholar

Winkler I.G., Löchelt M., Levesque J.P., Bodem J., Flügel R.M., Flower R.L.P.: A rapid streptavidin-capture ELISA specific for the detection of antibodies to feline foamy virus. J Immunol Methods. 1997, 207, 69–77, doi: 10.1016/s0022-1759(97)00109-9. Winkler I.G. Löchelt M. Levesque J.P. Bodem J. Flügel R.M. Flower R.L.P. A rapid streptavidin-capture ELISA specific for the detection of antibodies to feline foamy virus J Immunol Methods 1997 207 69 77 10.1016/s0022-1759(97)00109-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Yu S.F., Baldwin D.N., Gwynn S.R., Yendapalli S., Linial M.L.: Human foamy virus replication: a pathway distinct from that of retroviruses and hepadnaviruses. Science 1996, 271, 1579–1582. Yu S.F. Baldwin D.N. Gwynn S.R. Yendapalli S. Linial M.L. Human foamy virus replication: a pathway distinct from that of retroviruses and hepadnaviruses Science 1996 271 1579 158210.1126/science.271.5255.15798599113Search in Google Scholar

Zemba M., Alke A., Bodem J., Winkler I.G., Flower R.L.P., Pfrepper K.-I., Delius H., Flügel R.M., Löchelt M.: Construction of infectious feline foamy virus genomes: cat antisera do not cross-neutralize feline foamy virus chimera with serotype-specific Env sequences. Virology 2000, 266, 150–156, doi: 10.1006/viro.1999.0037. Zemba M. Alke A. Bodem J. Winkler I.G. Flower R.L.P. Pfrepper K.-I. Delius H. Flügel R.M. Löchelt M. Construction of infectious feline foamy virus genomes: cat antisera do not cross-neutralize feline foamy virus chimera with serotype-specific Env sequences Virology 2000 266 150 156 10.1006/viro.1999.003710612669Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Zenger E., Brown W.C., Song W., Wolf A.M., Pedersen N.C., Longnecker M., Li J., Collisson E.W.:. Evaluation of cofactor effect of feline synctium-forming virus on feline immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Vet Res 1993, 54, 713–718. Zenger E. Brown W.C. Song W. Wolf A.M. Pedersen N.C. Longnecker M. Li J. Collisson E.W. Evaluation of cofactor effect of feline synctium-forming virus on feline immunodeficiency virus infection Am J Vet Res 1993 54 713 71810.2460/ajvr.1993.54.05.713Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2450-8608
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
4 Hefte pro Jahr
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Biologie, Molekularbiologie, andere, Mikrobiologie und Virologie, Medizin, Veterinärmedizin