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A pilot study on the effect of a novel feed additive containing exogenous enzymes, acidifiers, sodium butyrate and silicon dioxide nanoparticles on selected cellular immune indices and body weight gains of calves

Ewelina Szacawa
Ewelina Szacawa
, 
Katarzyna Dudek
Katarzyna Dudek
, 
Dariusz Bednarek
Dariusz Bednarek
, 
Marek Pieszka
Marek Pieszka
 und 
Dorota Bederska-Łojewska
Dorota Bederska-Łojewska
   | 20. Dez. 2021
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Article Category: Review article
Online veröffentlicht: 20. Dez. 2021
Seitenbereich: 497 - 504
Eingereicht: 28. Juni 2021
Akzeptiert: 30. Nov. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2021-000068
Schlüsselwörter
© 2021 E. Szacawa et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Results of: 1A the total count of white blood cells (WBCs); and differentiated leukocyte counts as 1B lymphocytes (LYM); 1C monocytes (MON); and 1D granulocytes (GRA) in the peripheral blood of the examined calves. Data are presented as mean ± SD
Results of: 1A the total count of white blood cells (WBCs); and differentiated leukocyte counts as 1B lymphocytes (LYM); 1C monocytes (MON); and 1D granulocytes (GRA) in the peripheral blood of the examined calves. Data are presented as mean ± SD

Fig. 2

Percentage of the lymphocyte subpopulations containing various surface antigens: 2A CD2+; 2B CD4+; 2C CD8+; and 2D WC4+ in the peripheral blood of the examined calves. Data are expressed as mean ± SD
Percentage of the lymphocyte subpopulations containing various surface antigens: 2A CD2+; 2B CD4+; 2C CD8+; and 2D WC4+ in the peripheral blood of the examined calves. Data are expressed as mean ± SD

Fig. 3

Cytometric analysis of phagocytic activity of: A – granulocytes and B – monocytes in the peripheral blood of the E and C calves with values expressed as percentages of phagocytic cells, and with mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expressed as the index of the phagocytosis intensity of the phagocytic cells. All data are expressed as mean ± SD* – Statistically significant differences at P < 0.05 compared with the control
Cytometric analysis of phagocytic activity of: A – granulocytes and B – monocytes in the peripheral blood of the E and C calves with values expressed as percentages of phagocytic cells, and with mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expressed as the index of the phagocytosis intensity of the phagocytic cells. All data are expressed as mean ± SD* – Statistically significant differences at P < 0.05 compared with the control

Fig. 4

Cytometric analysis of the oxidative burst activity of the granulocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood of the calves from the E and C groups with values expressed as the percentage of cells that produce reactive oxidants and with the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expressed as the index of activity of cells with oxidative burst activity
Cytometric analysis of the oxidative burst activity of the granulocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood of the calves from the E and C groups with values expressed as the percentage of cells that produce reactive oxidants and with the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expressed as the index of activity of cells with oxidative burst activity

Ingredient and nutrient composition of the calves’ basal diet

Ingredient Value
Milk replacer
Crude protein (%) 20.0
Crude oils and fats (%) 8.0
Ash (%) 6.0
Crude fibre (%) 1.3
Calcium (%) 0.7
Phosphorus (%) 0.45
Sodium (%) 0.1
Lysine (%) 1.4
Vitamin A (IU/kg) 10,000
Vitamin D3 (IU/kg) 2,000
Vitamin E (mg/kg) 80
Vitamin K3 (mg/kg) 1.0
Vitamin B1 (mg/kg) 4.3
Vitamin B2 (mg/kg) 4.3
Vitamin B6 (mg/kg) 4.3
Vitamin C (mg/kg) 100
Niacinamide (mg/kg) 6.6
Calcium D-pantothenate (mg/kg) 8.6
Folic acid (mg/kg) 0.35
Vitamin B12 (mg/kg) 0.05
Biotin (mg/kg) 0.07
Choline chloride (mg/kg) 300
Manganese (mg/kg) 64
Zinc (mg/kg) 56
Iron (mg/kg) 80
Copper (mg/kg) 8
Iodine (mg/kg) 0.96
Selenium (mg/kg) 0.2
Enterococcus faecium (cfu/kg) 1.2 × 109
Mixed calf feed
Crude protein (%) 18.5
Crude oils and fats (%) 3.3
Crude fibre max. (%) 6.5
Crude ash max. (%) 9.0
Phosphorus (%) 0.8
Calcium (%) 1.3
Sodium (%) 0.23
Magnesium (%) 0.25
Vitamin A (IU/kg) 25,000
Vitamin D3 (IU/kg) 5,000
Vitamin E (mg/kg) 25.0
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Sprache:
Englisch
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Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Biologie, Molekularbiologie, Mikrobiologie und Virologie, andere, Medizin, Veterinärmedizin
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