Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Description of a New Cryptic Rhabditid, Parasitorhabditis paraterebrana n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), with Remarks on Two Known Species from Korea

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31. Aug. 2025

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COVER HERUNTERLADEN

Figure 1:

Line drawings of Parasitorhabditis paraterebrana n. sp. (A-K): A: Female whole body; B: Male whole body; C: Female anterior region, including the pharynx region; D, E, F: Variation in lip shape and arrangement of teeth (D: Lateral view with all the four teeth; E: The two subventral teeth; F: The two subdorsal teeth); G, H: Male tail in right lateral view, with arrangement of bursal rays; I: Female tail in ventral view; J: Male tail in ventral view, with arrangement of bursal rays; K: Female tail in lateral view.
Line drawings of Parasitorhabditis paraterebrana n. sp. (A-K): A: Female whole body; B: Male whole body; C: Female anterior region, including the pharynx region; D, E, F: Variation in lip shape and arrangement of teeth (D: Lateral view with all the four teeth; E: The two subventral teeth; F: The two subdorsal teeth); G, H: Male tail in right lateral view, with arrangement of bursal rays; I: Female tail in ventral view; J: Male tail in ventral view, with arrangement of bursal rays; K: Female tail in lateral view.

Figure 2:

Photomicrographs of Parasitorhabditis paraterebrana n. sp. (A-G): A: Male reproductive system; B: Female reproductive system; C: Developing egg in the uterus; D: The reflexed region of ovary; E: The oviduct; F, G: The reflexed portion of the testis (Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm; C, D, E, F, G = 20 μm).
Photomicrographs of Parasitorhabditis paraterebrana n. sp. (A-G): A: Male reproductive system; B: Female reproductive system; C: Developing egg in the uterus; D: The reflexed region of ovary; E: The oviduct; F, G: The reflexed portion of the testis (Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm; C, D, E, F, G = 20 μm).

Figure 3:

Photomicrographs of Parasitorhabditis paraterebrana n. sp. (A-K): A: Female anterior region, including the pharynx region (arrow e and h indicate the position of secretory-excretory pore and hemizonid, respectively); B, C, D, E: Variation in lip shape and arrangement of teeth (B: Lateral view with all the four teeth; C: The two subventral teeth; D, E: The two subdorsal teeth); F, G: Posterior part of pharynx (arrow e and h indicate the position of secretory-excretory pore and hemizonid, respectively); H, I: Male tail region; J: Female tail in lateral view; K: Female tail in ventral view. (Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B, C, D, E, H, I, J, K = 10 μm; F, G = 20 μm).
Photomicrographs of Parasitorhabditis paraterebrana n. sp. (A-K): A: Female anterior region, including the pharynx region (arrow e and h indicate the position of secretory-excretory pore and hemizonid, respectively); B, C, D, E: Variation in lip shape and arrangement of teeth (B: Lateral view with all the four teeth; C: The two subventral teeth; D, E: The two subdorsal teeth); F, G: Posterior part of pharynx (arrow e and h indicate the position of secretory-excretory pore and hemizonid, respectively); H, I: Male tail region; J: Female tail in lateral view; K: Female tail in ventral view. (Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B, C, D, E, H, I, J, K = 10 μm; F, G = 20 μm).

Figure 4:

Photomicrographs of Parasitorhabditis obtusa (Fuchs, 1915) Chitwood and Chitwood, 1950 (A-H). A, B: Female anterior region; C, D: Male tail region; E, F, H: Variation in shape of female tail; G: Posterior part of pharynx (arrow e and h indicate the position of secretory-excretory pore and hemizonid, respectively). (A, B, E, F, H = 10 μm; C, D, G = 20 μm).
Photomicrographs of Parasitorhabditis obtusa (Fuchs, 1915) Chitwood and Chitwood, 1950 (A-H). A, B: Female anterior region; C, D: Male tail region; E, F, H: Variation in shape of female tail; G: Posterior part of pharynx (arrow e and h indicate the position of secretory-excretory pore and hemizonid, respectively). (A, B, E, F, H = 10 μm; C, D, G = 20 μm).

Figure 5:

Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from 18S rRNA gene sequences of Rhabditina Chitwood, 1933 species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50 % are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroups: Rhabditoides inermiformis (Osche, 1952) Dougherty, 1955 and Rhomborhabditis regina (Schulte and Poinar, 1991) Sudhaus, 2011.
Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from 18S rRNA gene sequences of Rhabditina Chitwood, 1933 species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50 % are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroups: Rhabditoides inermiformis (Osche, 1952) Dougherty, 1955 and Rhomborhabditis regina (Schulte and Poinar, 1991) Sudhaus, 2011.

Figure 6:

Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from LSU D2-D3 partial sequences of Rhabditina Chitwood, 1933 species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroups: Rhabditoides inermiformis (Osche, 1952) Dougherty, 1955 and Rhomborhabditis regina (Schulte and Poinar, 1991) Sudhaus, 2011.
Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from LSU D2-D3 partial sequences of Rhabditina Chitwood, 1933 species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroups: Rhabditoides inermiformis (Osche, 1952) Dougherty, 1955 and Rhomborhabditis regina (Schulte and Poinar, 1991) Sudhaus, 2011.

Figure 7:

Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from COI partial sequences of Rhabditina Chitwood, 1933 species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroups: Chylorhabditis epuraeae Kanzaki, Hamaguchi and Takeuchi-Kaneko, 2021, and Rhabditis Dujardin, 1844 species.
Bayesian tree inferred under the GTR + I + G model from COI partial sequences of Rhabditina Chitwood, 1933 species. Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. The studied population is indicated in bold text. Outgroups: Chylorhabditis epuraeae Kanzaki, Hamaguchi and Takeuchi-Kaneko, 2021, and Rhabditis Dujardin, 1844 species.

Comparison of morphometrics of Parasitorhabditis paraterebrana n_ sp_ and Parasitorhabditis terebrana Massey, 1974 from Korea and topotype population by Massey (1974)_

Character Parasitorhabditis paraterebrana n. sp. Parasitorhabditis terebrana

Holotype Paratypes Korea (Current study) USA (Massey, 1974)

♀♀ ♂♂ ♀♀ ♂♂ ♀♀ ♂♂
n 20 22 6 5 ? ?
L 693.0 673.3±54.6 (598.0–814.0) 625.6±53.4 (553.5–732.5) 877.8±87.0 (780.5–995.0) 847.9±87.9 (746.0–979.0) 770–810 750
a 19.0 19.0±0.6 (17.9–20.0) 19.0±1.0 (16.9–21.7) 21.4±1.2 (20.1–23.7) 21.0±1.4 (19.0–22.5) 19.7–20.1 19.5
b 3.9 3.7±0.3 (3.2–4.3) 3.6±0.2 (3.3–4.2) 4.5±0.4 (4.0–5.1) 4.4±0.2 (4.1–4.6) 4.2–4.3 4.1
c 21.8 23.0±3.0 (18.3–28.6) 24.0±2.4 (20.8–28.8) 25.9±2.5 (20.7–28.3) 26.7±1.2 (25.2–28.4) 26.2–27.3 27.3
c’ 1.6 1.7±0.3 (1.3–2.3) 1.5±0.1 (1.3–1.7) 1.6±0.2 (1.4–1.9) 1.4±0.2 (1.2–1.7)
V 91.6 91.7±0.7 (90.3–92.6) 92.9±0.6 (92.0–93.5) 93
G1/T (without flexure) 46.5 47.9±2.5 (44.5–53.2) 46.2±2.6 (41.0–51.4)
Lip height 4.0 4.3±0.4 (3.5–5.0) 3.7±0.5 (3.0–4.5) 3.3±0.1 (3.0–3.5) 3.1±0.2 (3.0–3.5)
Lip diameter 11.0 11.3±0.7 (10.0–12.5) 10.8±0.7 (9.5–12.5) 12.5±0.4 (12.0–13.0) 11.7±0.4 (11.0–12.5)
Stoma length 22.0 21.9±1.2 (20.0–24.0) 21.4±1.2 (19.5–23.5) 20.5±0.7 (19.5–21.5) 20.0±1.5 (18.0–22.0) 21
Stoma width 5.5 5.2±0.4 (4.5–6.0) 4.2±0.4 (3.5–5.0) 5.0±0.4 (4.0–5.5) 4.1±0.4 (3.5–5.0)
Anterior to median valve 89.0 92.3±3.8 (83.5–99.0) 87.1±4.2 (77.0–92.5) 100.5±5.8 (93.5–108.0) 98.9±3.4 (93.5–102.5)
Anterior to nerve ring 116.5 112.2±7.6 (98.5–123.0) 101.5±6.9 (89.5–114.0) 110±7.4 (102.5–122.0)
Excretory pore 126.0 128.1±7.5 (113.0–141.0) 123.9±6.2 (112.5–139.0) 120.2±6.0 (100.5–125.0)
Pharynx length 176.0 179.6±6.5 (167.0–190.0) 173.3±7.9 (159.0–187.0) 193.5±9.6 (184.0–209.0) 193.4±13.1 (180.0–212.0)
Maximum body diameter 36.5 35.4±2.8 (31.0–43.0) 33.0±3.4 (27.0–40.0) 41.0±2.7 (38.0–44.5) 40.4±2.5 (38.0–45.0)
Vulval body diameter 29.5 28.0±2.4 (24.5–34.5) 34.1±2.4 (30.5–38.5)
Vulva to anus length 25.0 24.6±2.2 (21.5–31.5) 30.7±2.6 (28.0–35.0)
Vulva to tail tip 57.0 54.3±4.6 (46.5–65.0) 64.8±5.2 (57.0–70.5)
Anal / cloacal body diameter 20.0 17.7±1.5 (14.0–20.5) 17.9±1.2 (15.5–20.0) 20.8±0.9 (19.5–22.0) 22.2±2.1 (20.0–25.0)
Tail length 32.0 29.7±3.9 (22.5–37.0) 26.1±2.2 (22.5–30.0) 34.1±3.9 (28.5–39.0) 31.6±2.0 (29.0–34.5)
Spicules 34.1±2.0 (30.5–37.0) 36.4±1.4 (34.5–38.0) 34
Gubernaculum 15.3±0.9 (14.0–17.0) 16.2±0.6 (15.5–17.0) 17

Comparison of morphometrics of Parasitorhabditis obtusa (Fuchs, 1915) Chitwood & Chitwood, 1950 from Korea with topotype and other populations_

Character Korea (Current study) Iran (Valizadeh et al., 2017) Germany? (Rühm, 1956) Germany (Fuchs, 1915)

♀♀ ♂♂ ♀♀ ♂♂ ♀♀ ♂♂ ♀♀* ♂♂*
n 15 15 10 10 ? ? 2 1
L 951.1±92.4 (784.0–1148) 753.9±66.3 (635.0–872.0) 959.0±92.0 (810–1067) 746±104 (624–925) 728–1115 751–855 957–1121 640
a 24.3±1.7 (21.7–27.0) 24.6±2.3 (20.9–28.4) 20.0±2.5 (16.9–23.6) 21.1±3.6 (14.4–27.2) 16.5–24.0 19.5–21.0
b 5.0±0.4 (4.4–6.0) 4.6±0.3 (4.0–5.0) 5.1±0.5 (4.5–5.6) 4.3±0.5 (3.6–5.3) 4.0–5.8 4.2–4.6
c 40.5±5.0 (34.2–49.9) 17.3±1.4 (14.8–19.6) 67.0±12.3 (50.0–88.9) 35.9±5.0 (28–46) 44.0–49.5 17.8–22.2
c’ 1.2±0.2 (0.8–1.3) 2.0±0.2 (1.7–2.4) 0.7±0.1 (0.6–0.9) 1.4±0.3 (1.0–1.8)
V 94.5±0.6 (93.4–95.3) 95.8±0.9 (93.8–96.7) 94.0–95.7
G1/T (without flexure) 57.0±3.2 (49.9–62.7) 57.4±3.3 (52.6–64.4) 55.8±6.9 (41.5–63.5) 56.4±6.4 (47.5–65.6)
Lip height 4.4±0.4 (4.0–5.5) 3.5±0.3 (3.0–4.0)
Lip diameter 12.4±0.7 (11.5–13.5) 10.3±0.5 (9.5–11.5)
Stoma length 17.7±1.1 (15.5–19.5) 16.1±0.8 (15.0–17.5) 17.4±1.3 (16–20) 15.5±1.2 (13–17) (16.0–20.0) 16.0–21.0 17.0 17.0
Stoma width 4.2±0.5 (3.5–5.5) 3.3±0.4 (2.5–4.0)
Anterior to median valve 82.6±3.5 (75.0–88.5) 72.8±2.9 (68.5–78.0)
Anterior to nerve ring 98.7±5.2 (91.5–108.0) 94.9±6.3 (84.5–111.5) 132.0±9.3 (121–150) 114.0±8.4 (100–127)
Excretory pore 124.3±4.2 (119.5–134.5) 115.1±6.7 (102.0–126.0) 143.0±8.2 (125–155) 126.0±7.6 (115–142)
Pharynx length 189.2±8.1 (169.0–201.0) 165.1±7.3 (150.5–173.0) 189.0±9.4 (172–201) 172.0±7.5 (156–183) 183.0–234.0 168.0–185.0
Maximum body diameter 39.1±3.0 (34.0–44.5) 30.7±2.0 (27.5–34.5) 48.1±4.3 (42–55) 35.9±5.0 (28–46) 42.0–53.0 39.0–44.0 34.0
Vulval body diameter 30.3±2.6 (26.5–35.5) 37.1±3.2 (33–42)
Vulva to anus length 23.1±3.4 (19.5–32.0) 21.0–43.0 34.0
Vulva to tail tip 46.8±5.1 (38.0–57.0) 54.0
Anal / cloacal body diameter 20.6±1.5 (18.0–25.0) 21.8±1.5 (19.0–23.5) 21.2±2.3 (18–26) 23.4±2.8 (20–28)
Tail length 23.7±3.0 (18.5–27.0) 43.7±2.4 (40.0–50.0) 14.6±2.7 (12–19) 31.6±7.2 (23–42) 18.0–25.0 38.0–46.0 20.0
Spicules 43.7±5.4 (33.0–49.0) 35.1±3.5 (31–42) 30.0–32.0 33.0
Gubernaculum 17.8±0.8 (16.0–19.0) 15.0 ± 1.6 (13–17) 15.0–18.0 14.0
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