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Storage Capacity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Barricade® Gel and Potassium Polyacrylate Hydrogel

Sinethemba Zulu

Sinethemba Zulu

  • Bethlehem, South Africa
  • Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Zulu, Sinethemba
, 
Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela

Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela

  • Bethlehem, South Africa
  • Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of PretoriaHatfield, South Africa
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Ramakuwela, Tshimangadzo
, 
Hugues Baimey

Hugues Baimey

Department of Crop Production, University of ParakouParakou, Benin
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Baimey, Hugues
, 
Mark Laing

Mark Laing

College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal/African Centre for Crop ImprovementScottsville, South Africa
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Laing, Mark
, 
David Shapiro-Ilan

David Shapiro-Ilan

Byron, United State of America
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Shapiro-Ilan, David
 und 
Nicolene Cochrane

Nicolene Cochrane

Agrimetrics, (CO), Agricultural Research Council CentralPretoria, South Africa
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Cochrane, Nicolene
  
21. Juni 2025
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Artikel-Kategorie: Research Paper
Online veröffentlicht: 21. Juni 2025
Eingereicht: 08. Jan. 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2025-0014
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© 2025 Sinethemba Zulu et al., published by Sciendo
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Figure 1:

Total area under the curve analyzed using area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) statistical analyses for the survival of three entomopathogenic nematode species, produced in vivo or in vitro and formulated in Barricade® gel (B) or Potassium Polyacrylate Hydrogel (PPH), assessed at two weeks intervals over a period of eight weeks. Different letters at each bar indicate significant differences between treatments (α = 0.05), compared for each nematode species separately.
Total area under the curve analyzed using area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) statistical analyses for the survival of three entomopathogenic nematode species, produced in vivo or in vitro and formulated in Barricade® gel (B) or Potassium Polyacrylate Hydrogel (PPH), assessed at two weeks intervals over a period of eight weeks. Different letters at each bar indicate significant differences between treatments (α = 0.05), compared for each nematode species separately.

Figure 2:

Area under the curve [analyzed using area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) statistical analyses] for mealworm mortality following infection with three entomopathogenic nematode species, produced in vivo or in vitro and formulated in Barricade® gel (B) or Potassium Polyacrylate Hydrogel (PPH), assessed at two weeks intervals over a period of eight weeks. Different letters at each bar indicate significant differences between treatments (α = 0.05), compared for each nematode species separately.
Area under the curve [analyzed using area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) statistical analyses] for mealworm mortality following infection with three entomopathogenic nematode species, produced in vivo or in vitro and formulated in Barricade® gel (B) or Potassium Polyacrylate Hydrogel (PPH), assessed at two weeks intervals over a period of eight weeks. Different letters at each bar indicate significant differences between treatments (α = 0.05), compared for each nematode species separately.

Survival of entomopathogenic nematodes produced in vivo and in vitro and formulated in either Barricade® gel (B) or Potassium Polyacrylate Hydrogel (PPH) (LSD (P < 0001) = 20_64)_

Strain Formulation Day 1 2 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks
SGI 245 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora In vivo B 100 a 59 a 56 a 37 b 13 a
In vitro B 100 a 64 a 65 a 67 a 8 a
In vivo PPH 100 a 59 a 55 a 37 b 13 a
In vitro PPH 100 a 61 a 63 a 68 a 10 a
In vivo control 100 a 0 b * * *
In vitro control 100 a 0 b * * *
ROOI 352 Steinernema tophus In vivo B 100 a 76 a 60 a 47 b 4 a
In vitro B 100 a 62 b 57 a 66 a *
In vivo PPH 100 a 76 a 60 a 47 b 4 a
In vitro PPH 100 a 62 b 63 a 66 c 2 a
In vivo control 100 a 0 c * * *
In vitro control 100 a 0 c * * *
SGI 35 Steinernema innovationi In vivo B 100 a 68 a 53 a 47 b *
In vitro B 100 a 58 b 63 a 68 a *
In vivo PPH 100 a 68 a 53 a 47 b *
In vitro PPH 100 a 60 b 69 a 69 a 1
In vivo control 100 a 0 c * * *
In vitro control 100 a 0 c * * *

Table showing infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes produced in vivo and in vitro against Tenebrio molitor and formulated in either Barricade® gel (B) or Potassium Polyacrylate Hydrogel (PPH) (LSD (P = 0,05) = 6,1742)_

Strain Formulation Day 1 2 weeks 4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks
SGI 245 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora In vivo B 100 a 90 a 93 a 70 a 57 a
In vitro B 100 a 83 a 77 b 70 a 50 a
In vivo PPH 100 a 90 a 90 a 70 a 53 a
In vitro PPH 100 a 90 a 80 b 73 a 53 a
In vivo control 100 a 0 b * * *
In vitro control 100 a 0 b * * *
ROOI 352 Steinernema tophus In vivo B 100 a 97 a 100 a 83 a 90 a
In vitro B 100 a 97 a 73 c 67 b *
In vivo PPH 100 a 100 a 100 a 90 a 93 a
In vitro PPH 100 a 100 a 80 b 67 b 93 a
In vivo control 100 a 0 b * * *
In vitro control 100 a 0 b * * *
SGI 35 Steinernema innovationi In vivo B 100 a 93 a 90 a 80 a *
In vitro B 100 a 80 b 77 a 57 b *
In vivo PPH 100 a 93 a 90 a 80 a *
In vitro PPH 100 a 80 b 80 a 60 b 93
In vivo control 100 a 0 c * * *
In vitro control 100 a 0 c * * *
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