Login
Registrieren
Passwort zurücksetzen
Veröffentlichen & Verteilen
Verlagslösungen
Vertriebslösungen
Themen
Allgemein
Altertumswissenschaften
Architektur und Design
Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft, Buchwissenschaft
Biologie
Chemie
Geowissenschaften
Geschichte
Industrielle Chemie
Informatik
Jüdische Studien
Kulturwissenschaften
Kunst
Linguistik und Semiotik
Literaturwissenschaft
Materialwissenschaft
Mathematik
Medizin
Musik
Pharmazie
Philosophie
Physik
Rechtswissenschaften
Sozialwissenschaften
Sport und Freizeit
Technik
Theologie und Religion
Wirtschaftswissenschaften
Veröffentlichungen
Zeitschriften
Bücher
Konferenzberichte
Verlage
Blog
Kontakt
Suche
EUR
USD
GBP
Deutsch
English
Deutsch
Polski
Español
Français
Italiano
Warenkorb
Home
Zeitschriften
Journal of Nematology
Band 55 (2023): Heft 1 (February 2023)
Uneingeschränkter Zugang
GABA Immunoreactivity and Pharmacological Effects vary Among Stylet-Bearing Nematodes
Hannah M. Reed
Hannah M. Reed
,
Ziduan Han
Ziduan Han
und
Nathan E. Schroeder
Nathan E. Schroeder
| 18. Nov. 2023
Journal of Nematology
Band 55 (2023): Heft 1 (February 2023)
Über diesen Artikel
Vorheriger Artikel
Nächster Artikel
Zusammenfassung
Artikel
Figuren und Tabellen
Referenzen
Autoren
Artikel in dieser Ausgabe
Vorschau
PDF
Zitieren
Teilen
Article Category:
Research Paper
Online veröffentlicht:
18. Nov. 2023
Seitenbereich:
-
Eingereicht:
06. Juni 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0049
Schlüsselwörter
antibody staining
,
behavior
,
nematode control
,
neural anatomy
,
plant-parasitic nematode
© 2023 Hannah M. Reed et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 1:
The GABA nervous system in stylet-bearing nematodes. 1A. The staining patterns of the GABA-immunoreactive cells in Aphelenchus avenae, Pratylenchus penetrans, Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera glycines. From the left, the first column shows the light-microscopy images of the examined species. The second and third columns show the antibody staining of the neurotransmitter GABA in the head and tail regions. Arrowheads indicate GABA-immunoreactive neurons. Scale bar = 10 μm. B. The illustration of GABA-immunoreactive neurons that were detected using anti-GABA staining at a given stage in examined nematode species. All nematodes are displayed with anterior to the left and the dorsal side up. Neuron symbols with black filling are strongly stained cells, while gray filling indicates more weakly stained neurons. The staining patterns of the adult Aphenlenchus avenae female, adult Pratylenchus penetrans male, and Meloidogyne incognita second stage juveniles (Heterodera glycines second stage juveniles is from our previous study Han et al., 2018). Neuronal homologs are labeled based on the knowledge of C. elegans (Gendrel et al., 2016). GABA-immune positive cells found in C. elegans with either weak staining or considered involved in GABA clearance are not shown in the illustration. Illustration does not reflect true size.
Figure 2:
Behavioral assays in response to GABA and GABA antagonists (A). Characteristic “hook shape” Heterodera glycines second-stage juveniles (marked by red arrowheads) induced via disrupting GABA signaling. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of paralysis caused by piperazine (B) and GABA (C). Piperazine or GABA was dissolved in water with 0.01% Triton-X. Water with 0.01% Triton-X was used as control. Active nematodes were incubated in 10 ml of the chemical at each concentration for 10 min on a petri dish before observation. At a given concentration of each chemical, more than 30 individuals from a species were tested and the experiment was performed twice. Data were pooled from both experiments. Nematodes showing a hook shape or complete paralysis were counted as being affected (D). The locomotion assay of picrotoxin. Five nematodes of a given species were treated with 100 mM picrotoxin dissolved in 5% DMSO for 5 min and then were hand-picked on to the center of a 1-cm diameter circle on a water agar plate. After 20 min, nematodes outside the circle were counted, and the ratio of this number to the total number of test nematodes was calculated
Vorschau