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Applications of bioimpedance measurement techniques in tissue engineering


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Figure 1

Flow of electrical current through biological tissue: A) At lower frequencies, current flows between the cells and through the extracellular fluid, B) At high frequencies, current penetrates the cell membranes and flows through intracellular and extracellular fluid.
Flow of electrical current through biological tissue: A) At lower frequencies, current flows between the cells and through the extracellular fluid, B) At high frequencies, current penetrates the cell membranes and flows through intracellular and extracellular fluid.

Figure 2

Schematic of a two electrode configuration set up, where both electrodes are used for current carrying (CC) and voltage pick up (PU).
Schematic of a two electrode configuration set up, where both electrodes are used for current carrying (CC) and voltage pick up (PU).

Figure 3

Schematic of a three electrode configuration set up, where an external voltage is applied between the reference (RE) and the working electrode (WE), and electric current is passed from the counter electrode (CE) to the working electrode (WE).
Schematic of a three electrode configuration set up, where an external voltage is applied between the reference (RE) and the working electrode (WE), and electric current is passed from the counter electrode (CE) to the working electrode (WE).

Figure 4

Schematic of a four electrode configuration set up. CC1 and CC2 are the current carrying electrodes while PU1 and PU2 are the voltage pick up electrodes.
Schematic of a four electrode configuration set up. CC1 and CC2 are the current carrying electrodes while PU1 and PU2 are the voltage pick up electrodes.

Figure 5

Schematic representation of the 2D cell culture where cells are seeded as individual cell into a cell culture dish.
Schematic representation of the 2D cell culture where cells are seeded as individual cell into a cell culture dish.

Figure 6

Schematic representation of a scaffold free 3D cell culture in the form of spheroids.
Schematic representation of a scaffold free 3D cell culture in the form of spheroids.

Figure 7

A) Organ on chip device showing an extra cellular matrix (ECM) coated flexible porous membrane with epithelial cells through the middle of the central microchannel and vacuum chambers on both sides; B) Picture of the organ on a chip device (directions indicated by arrows visualize perfusion of the red and blue dyes). Copied with permission (78).
A) Organ on chip device showing an extra cellular matrix (ECM) coated flexible porous membrane with epithelial cells through the middle of the central microchannel and vacuum chambers on both sides; B) Picture of the organ on a chip device (directions indicated by arrows visualize perfusion of the red and blue dyes). Copied with permission (78).

Figure 8

A schematic drawing of an Electric Cell Substrate Impedance Sensing system (ECIS): The insulating membranes of the cells attached to the sensing electrode, cause capacitance (C) by constraining the current and force the current to flow beneath and between the cells which causes resistance (R), therefore in ECIS both the capacitance and resistance contribute to the measured impedance
A schematic drawing of an Electric Cell Substrate Impedance Sensing system (ECIS): The insulating membranes of the cells attached to the sensing electrode, cause capacitance (C) by constraining the current and force the current to flow beneath and between the cells which causes resistance (R), therefore in ECIS both the capacitance and resistance contribute to the measured impedance

Figure 9

Schematic of Trans Endothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) measurement system with chopstick electrodes.
Schematic of Trans Endothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) measurement system with chopstick electrodes.

Figure 10

Impedance data collection methods in Electrical Impedance Tomography by applying 16 equally spaced electrodes: A) Adjacent Drive or Neighboring method, B) Opposite method.
Impedance data collection methods in Electrical Impedance Tomography by applying 16 equally spaced electrodes: A) Adjacent Drive or Neighboring method, B) Opposite method.
eISSN:
1891-5469
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
Volume Open
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Technik, Bioingenieurwesen, Biomedizinische Elektronik, Biologie, Biophysik, Medizin, Biomedizinische Technik, Physik, Spektroskopie und Metrologie