Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020
und | 27. Mai 2024
Über diesen Artikel
Article Category: Research Papers
Online veröffentlicht: 27. Mai 2024
Seitenbereich: 56 - 80
Eingereicht: 24. Juli 2023
Akzeptiert: 10. Okt. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2024-0006
Schlüsselwörter
© 2024 Mario Coccia et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Fields, Nobel laureates, and publications (until the year 2018).
| Research Fields | Nobel Laureates | Year of Nobel Prize | Number of papers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physics | Andrea M. Ghez | 2020 | 364 |
| Reinhard Genzel | |||
| Roger Penrose | |||
| Jim Peebles | 2019 | 673 | |
| Didier Queloz | |||
| Michel Mayor | |||
| Chemistry | Jennifer Doudna | 2020 | 290 |
| Emmanuelle Charpentier | |||
| Akira Yoshino | 2019 | 527 | |
| John B. Goodenough | |||
| M. Stanley Whittingham | |||
| Medicine | Michael Houghton | 2020 | 836 |
| Harvey J. Alter | |||
| Charles M. Rice | |||
| William G. Kaelin | 2019 | 849 | |
| Gregg L. Semenza | |||
| Peter J. Ratcliffe |
Estimated power-law relation between citations and articles of Nobel Laureates per research field and funding status.
| Research field of Nobel Laureates and year | Funding status | α, scaling factor | R2 | N | 2α | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemistry 2020 | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.65 |
0.61 | 2.85 | 88 | 3.13 |
| Funded | 1.56 |
0.62 | 2.70 | 65 | 2.94 | |
| Unfunded | 1.37 |
0.24 | 3.72 | 45 | 2.58 | |
| Chemistry 2019 | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.22 |
0.42 | 3.82 | 210 | 2.32 |
| Funded | 1.34 |
0.46 | 3.01 | 136 | 2.53 | |
| Unfunded | 1.04 |
0.23 | 3.84 | 126 | 2.05 | |
| Chemistry 2019 +2020 | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.36 |
0.49 | 4.21 | 192 | 2.56 |
| Funded | 1.45 |
0.52 | 3.67 | 131 | 2.73 | |
| Unfunded | 1.17 |
0.26 | 4.81 | 107 | 2.25 | |
| Medicine 2020 | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.45 |
0.56 | 3.66 | 171 | 2.73 |
| Funded | 1.44 |
0.58 | 3.38 | 103 | 2.71 | |
| Unfunded | 1.62 |
0.49 | 3.08 | 110 | 3.07 | |
| Medicine 2019 | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.52 |
0.49 | 5.28 | 278 | 2.86 |
| Funded | 1.42 |
0.54 | 4.87 | 168 | 2.67 | |
| Unfunded | 1.71 |
0.34 | 5.04 | 168 | 3.27 | |
| Medicine 2019 + 2020 | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.45 |
0.51 | 5.20 | 410 | 2.73 |
| Funded | 1.38 |
0.53 | 5.03 | 245 | 2.60 | |
| Unfunded | 1.60 |
0.41 | 4.37 | 254 | 3.03 | |
| Physics 2020 | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.34 | 0.45 | 1.83 | 53 | 2.53 |
| Funded | 1.14 | 0.68 | 1.47 | 16 | 2.20 | |
| Unfunded | 1.37 |
0.33 | 2.13 | 51 | 2.58 | |
| Physics 2019 | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.42 |
0.51 | 2.17 | 50 | 2.67 |
| Funded | 1.34 |
0.87 | 2.03 | 15 | 2.53 | |
| Unfunded | 1.44 |
0.42 | 2.11 | 46 | 2.71 | |
| Physics 2019 + 2020 | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.26 |
0.40 | 2.35 | 85 | 2.39 |
| Funded | 1.27 |
0.83 | 2.16 | 23 | 2.41 | |
| Unfunded | 1.35 |
0.36 | 2.20 | 78 | 2.54 |
Estimated power-law relation between citations and articles in Chemistry, Medicine and Physics per funding status.
| Research Fields | Funding status | α, scaling factor | R2 | t | N | 2α |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.22 |
0.77 | 8.77 | 533 | 2.34 |
| Funded | 1.25 |
0.84 | 8.41 | 527 | 2.38 | |
| Unfunded | 0.94 |
0.57 | 10.2 | 526 | 1.92 | |
| Medicine | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.11 |
0.57 | 6.45 | 375 | 2.16 |
| Funded | 1.25 |
0.83 | 5.61 | 364 | 2.37 | |
| Unfunded | 0.71 |
0.5 | 9.28 | 373 | 1.64 | |
| Physics | Total (Funded + Unfunded) | 1.16 |
0.78 | 7.35 | 385 | 2.24 |
| Funded | 1.17 |
0.82 | 6.87 | 382 | 2.25 | |
| Unfunded | 1.02 |
0.66 | 9.56 | 382 | 2.03 |
Number of documents and citations concerning articles published by the Nobel laureates in chemistry, medicine and physics per funding status over 2019-2020.
| Field | Year | Sources | Papers | % | Citations | % | Names of Nobel Laureates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 2020 | Funded + Unfunded | 290 | 100.0 | 60,772 | 100.0 | |
| Funded | 213 | 73.45 | 51,266 | 84.35 | Jennifer Doudna | ||
| Unfunded | 77 | 26.55 | 9,506 | 15.65 | Emmanuelle Charpentier | ||
| 2019 | Funded + Unfunded | 527 | 100.0 | 66,120 | 100.0 | Akira Yoshino | |
| Funded | 317 | 60.15 | 44,563 | 67.40 | John B. Goodenough | ||
| Unfunded | 210 | 39.85 | 21,557 | 32.60 | M. Stanley Whittingham | ||
| 2019 +2020 | Funded + Unfunded | 817 | 100.0 | 125,892 | 100.0 | All scholars awarded in 2019 and 2020 in chemistry | |
| Funded | 530 | 64.9 | 95,829 | 76.12 | |||
| Unfunded | 287 | 35.1 | 31,063 | 24.68 | |||
| Medicine | 2020 | Funded + Unfunded | 836 | 100.0 | 132,520 | 100.0 | Michael Houghton |
| Funded | 522 | 62.44 | 70,831 | 53.45 | Harvey J. Alter | ||
| Unfunded | 314 | 37.56 | 61,689 | 46.55 | Charles M. Rice | ||
| 2019 | Funded + Unfunded | 849 | 100.0 | 213,368 | 100.0 | William G. Kaelin | |
| Funded | 522 | 61.48 | 130,752 | 61.28 | Gregg L. Semenza | ||
| Unfunded | 327 | 38.52 | 82,616 | 38.72 | Peter J. Ratcliffe | ||
| 2019+2020 | Funded + Unfunded | 1,685 | 100.0 | 345,888 | 100.0 | All scholars awarded in 2019 and 2020 in medicine or physiology | |
| Funded | 1,044 | 61.96 | 201,583 | 58.28 | |||
| Unfunded | 641 | 38.04 | 144,305 | 41.72 | |||
| Physics | 2020 | Funded + Unfunded | 364 | 100.0 | 38,168 | 100.0 | Andrea M. Ghez |
| Funded | 142 | 39.01 | 13,821 | 36.21 | Roger Penrose | ||
| Unfunded | 222 | 60.99 | 24,347 | 63.78 | Reinhard Genzel | ||
| 2019 | Funded + Unfunded | 673 | 100.0 | 71,635 | 100.0 | Jim Peebles | |
| Funded | 288 | 42.79 | 18,919 | 26.41 | Didier Queloz | ||
| Unfunded | 385 | 57.21 | 52,716 | 73.59 | Michel Mayor | ||
| 2019 +2020 | Funded + Unfunded | 1037 | 100.0 | 109,803 | 100.0 | All scholars awarded in 2019 and 2020 in physics | |
| Funded | 430 | 41.46 | 32,740 | 29.82 | |||
| Unfunded | 607 | 58.54 | 77,063 | 70.18 |
Research fields, status of funding, papers and citations with related percent value.
| Research fields | Status of funding | Number of Papers | % | Citations | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | Funded + unfunded | 183,027 | 100.00 | 4,421,249 | 100.00 |
| Funded | 155,501 | 84.96 | 3,993,618 | 90.32 | |
| Unfunded | 27,526 | 15.04 | 427,631 | 9.68 | |
| Medicine | Funded + unfunded | 55,419 | 100.00 | 1,124,936 | 100.00 |
| Funded | 33,494 | 60 | 904,980 | 80 | |
| Unfunded | 21,925 | 40 | 219,956 | 20 | |
| Physics | Funded + unfunded | 127,409 | 100.00 | 2,414,447 | 100.00 |
| Funded | 104,041 | 81.65 | 2,144,540 | 88.82 | |
| Unfunded | 23,368 | 18.35 | 269,907 | 11.18 |
Comparative analysis between publications, citations and scaling factors per funding status of articles in journals by Nobel Laureates and overall data in research fields of Chemistry, Medicine and Physics.
| Nobel Laureates | Articles in journals based on funded researchers (%) | Articles in journals based on unfunded researchers (%) | Citations of articles based on funded researchers (%) | Citations of articles based on unfunded researchers (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nobel Laureates in Physics 2019+2020 | 41.46 | 58.54 | 29.82 | 70.18 |
| Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2019+2020 | 64.90 | 35.10 | 76.12 | 24.68 |
| Nobel Laureates in Medicine 2019+2020 | 61.96 | 38.04 | 58.28 | 41.72 |
| α – scaling factor of Power–law relationship | α - Funded | α - Unfunded | ||
| Nobel Laureates in Physics 2019+2020 | 1.27 | 1.35 | ||
| Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2019+2020 | 1.45 | 1.17 | ||
| Nobel Laureates in Medicine 2019+2020 | 1.38 | 1.60 | ||
| Research Fields | Articles in journals based on funded researchers (%) | Articles in journals based on unfunded researchers (%) | Citations of articles based on funded researchers (%) | Citations of articles based on unfunded researchers (%) |
| Physics | 81.65 | 18.35 | 88.82 | 11.18 |
| Chemistry | 84.96 | 15.04 | 90.32 | 9.68 |
| Medicine | 60.00 | 40.00 | 80.00 | 20.00 |
| α – scaling factor of Power–law relationship | α - Funded | α - Unfunded | ||
| Physics overall research field | 1.17 | 1.02 | ||
| Chemistry | 1.25 | 0.94 | ||
| Medicine | 1.25 | 0.71 |