The assessment of clinical and laboratory complications in newborns of diabetic mothers and proposal of a manual for obtaining anamnestic data (about newborn) for a neonatologist

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders in pregnancy. In infants of diabetic mothers, the morbidity and incidence of complications are increased in the prenatal, perinatal and neonatal periods, but also in the later period of life. The aim of this study was to analyse prenatal and postnatal neonatal complications. The study consisted of 96 newborns who were hospitalized from January 1st 2017 to June 30th 2020. 81.3% of newborns were born to mothers with gestational diabetes. 61.5% were born by Caesarean section. Macrosomia was diagnosed in 15%, birth trauma occurred in 24% of cases. Respiratory distress syndrome developed in 34.4% of neonates, syndrome of persistent pulmonary hypertension in 10.4%, congenital heart disease was present in 35.4%. The most common was persistent ductus arteriosus in 18.75%. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in 7 newborns (7.3%), of which 6 times without obstruction and 1 time with obstruction of the outflow tract of the left ventricle. 15.6% had congenital malformation of the digestive system and 12.5% had anomaly of the urinary and genital system. The largest proportion of the congenital malformations of CNS had meningomyelocele (6.25%). Hypoglycaemia was confirmed in 22% and hyperbilirubinemia in 30% of newborns. The obtained results were a source for creating the manual that could help neonatologists or paediatricians in practice, to get a comprehensive picture of a newborn whose mother had DM during pregnancy.