Types of intentional positionings(source: Harré & van Langenhove, 1999) |
Corresponding identity facets(source: Lehman, 2018; Lehman and Sułkowski, 2020) |
Rhetorical expressions of voice |
Deliberate self-positioning |
The individual self |
Rhetorical expressions of individual ‘I’ voiceThe writer establishes authority for the content of their writing.The writer communicates their attitude and feelings towards the content of their writing. |
Deliberate positioning of others |
The collective self |
Rhetorical expressions of collective ‘C’ voiceThe writer engages themselves in a dialogue with the reader.The writer involves the reader in the argument construction. |
Forced self-positioning and forced positioning of others |
The depersonalized self |
Rhetorical expressions of depersonalised ‘D’ voiceWriters align their writing with the rhetorical conventions sanctioned in their disciplinary community.Writers efface their commitment to the claims being made. |