Changing Religious Affiliations: Factors Affecting Denominational Changes In Nyambene Synod, Kenya

Abraham, J. W. 2019. Methodism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. Abraham, J. W. 2019 Methodism: A Very Short Introduction New York Oxford University Press 10.1093/actrade/9780198802310.001.0001 Search in Google Scholar

Anderson, A. 2004. An Introduction to Pentecostalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Anderson A. 2004 An Introduction to Pentecostalism Cambridge Cambridge University Press Search in Google Scholar

Atieno, W. 2019. “The Church Struggles to Find Its Way in Fast-Changing World.” The Daily Nation, December 24, 2019. https://www.nation.co.ke/news/The-Church-struggles-to-find-its-way-in-fast-changing-world/1056-5397612-e9pg4x/index.html. Atieno W. 2019 “The Church Struggles to Find Its Way in Fast-Changing World.” The Daily Nation December 24, 2019 https://www.nation.co.ke/news/The-Church-struggles-to-find-its-way-in-fast-changing-world/1056-5397612-e9pg4x/index.html 10.12968/nuwa.2019.1.24 Search in Google Scholar

Avis, P. 2018. “Introduction to Ecclesiology.” In The Oxford Handbook of Ecclesiology, edited by Paul Avis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp 1-32 Avis P. 2018 “Introduction to Ecclesiology.” In The Oxford Handbook of Ecclesiology edited by Avis Paul Oxford Oxford University Press Pp 1 32 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199645831.013.28 Search in Google Scholar

Beck, B. E. 2018. Methodist Heritage and Identity. New York: Routledge. Beck B. E. 2018 Methodist Heritage and Identity New York Routledge 10.4324/9781315206127 Search in Google Scholar

Bennett, Z., E. Graham, S. Pattison, and H. Walton. 2018. Invitation to Research in Practical Theology. New York: Routledge. Bennett Z. Graham E. Pattison S. Walton H. 2018 Invitation to Research in Practical Theology New York Routledge 10.4324/9781351068246 Search in Google Scholar

Bevans, S. B. 2002. Models of Contextual Theology, Faith and Cultures. 2nd ed. New York: Orbis Books. Bevans S. B. 2002 Models of Contextual Theology, Faith and Cultures 2nd ed. New York Orbis Books Search in Google Scholar

Bittlinger, A. 1981. The Church Is Charismatic. Geneva: World Council of Churches. Bittlinger A. 1981 The Church Is Charismatic Geneva World Council of Churches Search in Google Scholar

Bonsu, K. S., and R. W. Belk. 2010. “Marketing a New African God: Pentecostalism and Material Salvation in Ghana.” International Journal of Non-profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing International 15: 305–23. Bonsu K. S. Belk R. W. 2010 “Marketing a New African God: Pentecostalism and Material Salvation in Ghana.” International Journal of Non-profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing International 15 305 23 10.1002/nvsm.398 Search in Google Scholar

Bosch, D. J. 1998. Transforming Mission, Paradigm Shift in Theology of Mission. New York: Orbis Books. Bosch D. J. 1998 Transforming Mission, Paradigm Shift in Theology of Mission New York Orbis Books Search in Google Scholar

Bowen, R. 2007. So I Send You, A Study Guide to Mission. 2nd ed. London: SPCK. Bowen R. 2007 So I Send You, A Study Guide to Mission 2nd ed. London SPCK Search in Google Scholar

British Methodist Church. 1999. “Called to Love and Praise: Nature of the Christian Church in Methodist Experience and Practice.” https://www.methodist.org.uk/media/1993/fo-statement-called-to-love-and-praise-1999.pdf. British Methodist Church 1999 “Called to Love and Praise: Nature of the Christian Church in Methodist Experience and Practice.” https://www.methodist.org.uk/media/1993/fo-statement-called-to-love-and-praise-1999.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Bryman, A. 2008. Social Research Methods. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Bryman A. 2008 Social Research Methods 3rd ed. New York Oxford University Press Search in Google Scholar

Chapman, D. M. 2018. “Methodism and the Church.” In The Oxford Handbook of Ecclesiology, edited by P. Davis, 317–34. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chapman D. M. 2018 “Methodism and the Church.” In The Oxford Handbook of Ecclesiology edited by Davis P. 317 34 Oxford Oxford University Press 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199645831.013.11 Search in Google Scholar

City Girl. 2014. “Embattled Pastor Has No Apologies Despite TV Furore.” Nation, updated July 2, 2020. https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Victor Kanyari-churches-eat-seed/1056-2511152-dtfidy/index.html. City Girl 2014 “Embattled Pastor Has No Apologies Despite TV Furore.” Nation updated July 2, 2020 https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Victor Kanyari-churches-eat-seed/1056-2511152-dtfidy/index.html Search in Google Scholar

Colberg, K. 2018. “Ecclesiology Today and Its Potential To Serve a Missionary Church.” Missiology: An International Review 46(1): 23–36. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829617739842. Colberg K. 2018 “Ecclesiology Today and Its Potential To Serve a Missionary Church.” Missiology: An International Review 46 1 23 36 https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829617739842 10.1177/0091829617739842 Search in Google Scholar

Counted, V. 2012. “Youth in Pentecostal and Charismatic Churches and Factors Accounting for their Attraction to Pentecostalism.” Paper presented at Pentecostal and Charismatic Research (NPCRC)-Abuja. Counted V. 2012 “Youth in Pentecostal and Charismatic Churches and Factors Accounting for their Attraction to Pentecostalism.” Paper presented at Pentecostal and Charismatic Research (NPCRC)-Abuja Search in Google Scholar

Cox, H. 1996. Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-First Century. London: Cassel. Cox H. 1996 Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-First Century London Cassel Search in Google Scholar

Cox, L. J., and G. T. Haar, eds. 2003. Uniquely African? African Christian Identity from Cultural and Historical Perspectives. Asamara: Africa World Press. Cox L. J. Haar G. T. eds. 2003 Uniquely African? African Christian Identity from Cultural and Historical Perspectives Asamara Africa World Press Search in Google Scholar

Denscombe, M. 1998. The Good Research Guide for Small-Scale Social Research Projects. 3rd ed. Berkshire: Open University Press. Denscombe M. 1998 The Good Research Guide for Small-Scale Social Research Projects 3rd ed. Berkshire Open University Press Search in Google Scholar

Dion, A. F. 2019. “Revival Revolution and Reform in Global Methodism: An Understanding of Christian Perfection As African Christian Humanism in the Methodist Church of Southern Africa.” Black Theology: An International Journal 17(1): 22–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/14769948.2018.1554328. Dion A. F. 2019 “Revival Revolution and Reform in Global Methodism: An Understanding of Christian Perfection As African Christian Humanism in the Methodist Church of Southern Africa.” Black Theology: An International Journal 17 1 22 39 https://doi.org/10.1080/14769948.2018.1554328 10.1080/14769948.2018.1554328 Search in Google Scholar

Evans, E. 2016. “How an African Worldview Encounters the Teachings of the Prosperity Gospel in Nairobi, Kenya. PhD diss. Evans E. 2016 “How an African Worldview Encounters the Teachings of the Prosperity Gospel in Nairobi, Kenya. PhD diss. Search in Google Scholar

Gatu, J. G. 2006. Joyfully Christian Truly African. Nairobi: Action Publishers. Gatu J. G. 2006 Joyfully Christian Truly African Nairobi Action Publishers Search in Google Scholar

Gauthier F. 2017. “Religion Is Not What It Used To Be: Consumerism, Neoliberalism and the Global Reshaping of Religion.” Religion and Global Society, October 6, 2017. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/religionglobalsociety/2017/10/ religion-is-not-what-it-used-to-be-consumerism-neoliberalism-and-the-global-reshaping-of-religion/. EGetui, M. N. 2017. “Faith and Culture.” In Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by K. R. Ross. J. K. Asamoah-Gyadu. and T. M. Johnson, 329–39. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. EGez, Y. N. 2018. Traditional Churches, Born Again Christianity and Pentecostalism: Religious Mobility and Religious Repertoires in Urban Kenya. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Gauthier F. 2017 “Religion Is Not What It Used To Be: Consumerism, Neoliberalism and the Global Reshaping of Religion.” Religion and Global Society October 6, 2017. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/religionglobalsociety/2017/10/religion-is-not-what-it-used-to-be-consumerism-neoliberalism-and-the-global-reshaping-of-religion/ EGetui, M. N. 2017. “Faith and Culture.” In Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by K. R. Ross. J. K. Asamoah-Gyadu. and T. M. Johnson, 329–39. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. EGez, Y. N. 2018. Traditional Churches, Born Again Christianity and Pentecostalism: Religious Mobility and Religious Repertoires in Urban Kenya. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Search in Google Scholar

Gez, Y. N., and Y. Droz. 2019. “’Its All Under Christianity:’ Religious Territories in Kenya.” Journal of Africana Religions 7(1): 37–61. https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/715862. Gez Y. N. Droz Y. 2019 “’Its All Under Christianity:’ Religious Territories in Kenya.” Journal of Africana Religions 7 1 37 61 https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/715862 10.5325/jafrireli.7.1.0037 Search in Google Scholar

Gifford, P. 2009. Christianity, Politics and Public Life in Kenya. London: C. Hurst and Co. Gifford P. 2009 Christianity, Politics and Public Life in Kenya London C. Hurst and Co 10.1057/9780230100510_8 Search in Google Scholar

Gifford, P. 2015. Christianity, Development and Modernity in Africa. London: C. Hurst & Co. Gifford P. 2015 Christianity, Development and Modernity in Africa London C. Hurst & Co 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190495732.001.0001 Search in Google Scholar

Gitau, W. M. 2017. “Christianity in Kenya.” In Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa,. edited by K. R. Ross. J. K. Asamoah-Gyadu, and T. M. Johnson, 107–15. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Gitau W. M. 2017 “Christianity in Kenya.” In Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa edited by Ross K. R. Asamoah-Gyadu J. K. Johnson T. M. 107 15 Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press Search in Google Scholar

Haley, J. M., and J. L. Francis. 2006. British Methodism: What Circuit Ministers Really Think. Werrington: Epworth Press. Haley J. M. Francis J. L. 2006 British Methodism: What Circuit Ministers Really Think Werrington Epworth Press Search in Google Scholar

Husemann, K. C., and G. M. Eckhardt. 2019. “Consumer Spirituality.” Journal of Marketing Management 35: 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2019.1588558. Husemann K. C. Eckhardt G. M. 2019 “Consumer Spirituality.” Journal of Marketing Management 35 391 406 https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2019.1588558 10.1080/0267257X.2019.1588558 Search in Google Scholar

IP06. 2019. “Factors That Affect Religious Affiliations and Their Impact on the Methodist Church Nyambene Synod.” Interview by August 28, 2019. IP06 2019 “Factors That Affect Religious Affiliations and Their Impact on the Methodist Church Nyambene Synod.” Interview by August 28, 2019 Search in Google Scholar

Kagema, N. D., and M. W. Maina. 2014. “Causes of the New Charismatic Movements in Kenya.” Global Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2(2): 35–44. Kagema N. D. Maina M. W. 2014 “Causes of the New Charismatic Movements in Kenya.” Global Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2 2 35 44 Search in Google Scholar

Kangwa, J. 2017. Pentecostalism, Mainline Churches, and Theological Education in Africa. Dallas: Saint Paul Press. Kangwa J. 2017 Pentecostalism, Mainline Churches, and Theological Education in Africa Dallas Saint Paul Press Search in Google Scholar

Kuhn, M. 2008. Prophetic Christianity in Western Kenya. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. Kuhn M. 2008 Prophetic Christianity in Western Kenya Frankfurt Peter Lang Search in Google Scholar

Kuipers, J. S. 2011. “Charismatic Renewal: Lessons in Missions from the Kenyan Church.” In Jesus and Ubuntu: Exploring the Social Impact of Christianity in Africa, edited by M. Ntarangwi, 81–99. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. Kuipers J. S. 2011 “Charismatic Renewal: Lessons in Missions from the Kenyan Church.” In Jesus and Ubuntu: Exploring the Social Impact of Christianity in Africa edited by Ntarangwi M. 81 99 Trenton, NJ Africa World Press Search in Google Scholar

Kumar, R. 2014. Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. 4th ed. London: Sage. Kumar R. 2014 Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners 4th ed. London Sage Search in Google Scholar

Langford, T. A. 1989. Exploring Methodism: Methodist Theology. Peterborough: Epworth Press. Langford T. A. 1989 Exploring Methodism: Methodist Theology Peterborough Epworth Press Search in Google Scholar

Lawrence-Lightfoot, S. 2005. “Reflections on Portraiture: A Dialogue between Art and Science.” Qualitative Inquiry 11(1): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800404270955. Lawrence-Lightfoot S. 2005 “Reflections on Portraiture: A Dialogue between Art and Science.” Qualitative Inquiry 11 1 3 15 https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800404270955 10.1177/1077800404270955 Search in Google Scholar

Lindhardt, M. 2015. Presence and Impact of Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity in Africa. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Lindhardt M. 2015 Presence and Impact of Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity in Africa Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press 10.1163/9789004281875_002 Search in Google Scholar

Martin, D. 2002. Pentecostalism: The World Their Parish. Oxford: Blackwell. Martin D. 2002 Pentecostalism: The World Their Parish Oxford Blackwell Search in Google Scholar

Mbiti, J. S. 1969. African Religions and Philosophy. London: Heinemann. Mbiti J. S. 1969 African Religions and Philosophy London Heinemann Search in Google Scholar

Methodist Church in Kenya. 2008. Minutes of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Methodist Church in Kenya. Nairobi: s.n. Methodist Church in Kenya 2008 Minutes of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Methodist Church in Kenya Nairobi s.n. Search in Google Scholar

Methodist Church in Kenya. 2014–2018. MCK Nyambene Synod Statistical Returns. Maua, Kenya: Nyambene Synod. Methodist Church in Kenya 2014–2018 MCK Nyambene Synod Statistical Returns Maua, Kenya Nyambene Synod Search in Google Scholar

Methodist Church in Kenya. 2015. Standing Orders and Agenda. 7th ed. Nairobi: Methodist Church in Kenya 2015 Standing Orders and Agenda 7th ed. Nairobi Search in Google Scholar

Moltmann, J. 1974. The Crucified God. London: SCM Press. Moltmann J. 1974 The Crucified God London SCM Press 10.1177/004057367403100102 Search in Google Scholar

Mombo, E. 2017. “Mission and Evangelism.” In Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by K. R. Ross, J. K. Asamoah Gyadu, and T. M. Johnson, 376–85. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Mombo E. 2017 “Mission and Evangelism.” In Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa edited by Ross K. R. Asamoah Gyadu J. K. Johnson T. M. 376 85 Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press 10.1515/9781474412049-036 Search in Google Scholar

Moreau, A. S. 2012. Contextualization in World Missions: Mapping and Assessing Evangelical Models. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications. Moreau A. S. 2012 Contextualization in World Missions: Mapping and Assessing Evangelical Models Grand Rapids, MI Kregel Publications Search in Google Scholar

Mugambi, J. 1989a. African Christian Theology, An Introduction. Nairobi: Heinemann Kenya Ltd. Mugambi J. 1989a African Christian Theology, An Introduction Nairobi Heinemann Kenya Ltd Search in Google Scholar

Mugambi, J. 1989b. The Biblical Basis for Evangelization: Theological Reflections Based on African Experience. Nairobi: Oxford University Press. Mugambi J. 1989b The Biblical Basis for Evangelization: Theological Reflections Based on African Experience Nairobi Oxford University Press Search in Google Scholar

Mwaine, N. J. 2013. “MCK Meru Region Leaders Meeting.” Unpublished conference paper, Meru, Kenya. Mwaine N. J. 2013 “MCK Meru Region Leaders Meeting.” Unpublished conference paper Meru, Kenya Search in Google Scholar

Nash, S. 2011. Youth Ministry: A Multifaceted Approach. London: SPCK. Nash S. 2011 Youth Ministry: A Multifaceted Approach London SPCK Search in Google Scholar

Ngaruiya, D. K. (2017. “Characteristics of Influential African Christian Leaders.” In African Christian Leadership: Realities, Opportunities, and Impact, edited by P. J. Robert and B. A. Kirimi, 32–40. New York: Orbis Books. Ngaruiya D. K. 2017 “Characteristics of Influential African Christian Leaders.” In African Christian Leadership: Realities, Opportunities, and Impact edited by Robert P. J. Kirimi B. A. 32 40 New York Orbis Books Search in Google Scholar

Ntarangwi, M., ed. 2011. Jesus and Ubuntu: Exploring the Social Impact of Christianity in Africa. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. Ntarangwi M. ed. 2011 Jesus and Ubuntu: Exploring the Social Impact of Christianity in Africa Trenton, NJ Africa World Press Search in Google Scholar

Nthamburi, Z. 1982. A History of the Methodist Church in Kenya. Nairobi: Uzima Press. Nthamburi Z. 1982 A History of the Methodist Church in Kenya Nairobi Uzima Press Search in Google Scholar

Nthamburi, Z. 2000. The Pilgrimage of the African Church in the Twenty-First Century. Nairobi: Act Print Ltd. Nthamburi Z. 2000 The Pilgrimage of the African Church in the Twenty-First Century Nairobi Act Print Ltd Search in Google Scholar

Nyabwari, B. C., and D. N. Kagema. 2014. “Charismatic Pentecostal Churches in Kenya: Growth Culture and Orality.” International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education 1(3): 27–33. https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/13155/Charismatic%20Pentecostal%20Churches.... pdf?sequence=1. Nyabwari B. C. Kagema D. N. 2014 “Charismatic Pentecostal Churches in Kenya: Growth Culture and Orality.” International Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education 1 3 27 33 https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/13155/Charismatic%20Pentecostal%20Churches....pdf?sequence=1 Search in Google Scholar

Oduyoye, M. A. 2003. “Christian Engagement with African Culture: Religious Challenges.” In Uniquely African? African Christian Identity from Cultural and Historical Perspectives, edited by L. J. Cox and G. T. Haar, 89–108. Asmara: Africa World Press. Oduyoye M. A. 2003 “Christian Engagement with African Culture: Religious Challenges.” In Uniquely African? African Christian Identity from Cultural and Historical Perspectives edited by Cox L. J. Haar G. T. 89 108 Asmara Africa World Press Search in Google Scholar

Oduyoye, M. A. 2017. “The Future of Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa.” In Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by K. R. Ross, J. K. Asamoah Gyadu, and T. M. Johnson, 461–77. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Oduyoye M. A. 2017 “The Future of Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa.” In Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa edited by Ross K. R. Asamoah Gyadu J. K. Johnson T. M. 461 77 Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press 10.1515/9781474412049-043 Search in Google Scholar

Ogbu, K. 2008. African Pentecostalism: An Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. Ogbu K. 2008 African Pentecostalism: An Introduction New York Oxford University Press Search in Google Scholar

Omenyo, C. 2006. Pentecost outside Pentecostalism. Zoetermeer: Boekencentrum Publishing House. Omenyo C. 2006 Pentecost outside Pentecostalism Zoetermeer Boekencentrum Publishing House Search in Google Scholar

Omenyo, C. N. 2014. “African Pentecostalism.” In The Cambridge Companion to Pentecostalism, edited by C. M. J. Robeck and A. Yong, 132-51. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Omenyo C. N. 2014 “African Pentecostalism.” In The Cambridge Companion to Pentecostalism edited by Robeck C. M. J. Yong A. 132 51 Cambridge Cambridge University Press 10.1017/CCO9780511910111.011 Search in Google Scholar

Orobator, A. E. 2010. “Contextual Theological Methodologies.” In African Theology on the Way, edited by D. B. Stinton, 3–11. London: SPCK. Orobator A. E. 2010 “Contextual Theological Methodologies.” In African Theology on the Way edited by Stinton D. B. 3 11 London SPCK Search in Google Scholar

Parsitau, D. S. 2011. “From the Fringes to the Centre: Pentecostal Christianity in the Public Sphere in Kenya (1970-2009).” In Jesus and Ubuntu: Exploring the Social Impact of Christianity in Africa, edited by M. Ntarangwi, 123–45. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. Parsitau D. S. 2011 “From the Fringes to the Centre: Pentecostal Christianity in the Public Sphere in Kenya (1970-2009).” In Jesus and Ubuntu: Exploring the Social Impact of Christianity in Africa edited by Ntarangwi M. 123 45 Trenton, NJ Africa World Press Search in Google Scholar

Parsitau, D. S. 2014. “The Civic and Public Roles of Neo-Pentecostal Churches in Kenya (1970-2010). PhD diss., Kenyatta University. Parsitau D. S. 2014 “The Civic and Public Roles of Neo-Pentecostal Churches in Kenya (1970-2010) PhD diss. Kenyatta University Search in Google Scholar

Pew Research Center. 2010. “Historical Overview of Pentecostalism in Kenya: Origins and Growth, August 5, 2010. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2010/08/05/historical-overview-of-pentecostalism-in-kenya/#:~:text=Historical%20Overview%20of%20Pentecostalism%20in%20Kenya%20Origins%20and,as%20Roho%20%28%E2%80%9CSpirit%E2%80%9D%29%20emerges%20in%20the%20Anglican%20Church. Pew Research Center 2010 “Historical Overview of Pentecostalism in Kenya: Origins and Growth, August 5, 2010 https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2010/08/05/historical-overview-of-pentecostalism-in-kenya/#:~:text=Historical%20Overview%20of%20Pentecostalism%20in%20Kenya%20Origins%20and,as%20Roho%20%28%E2%80%9CSpirit%E2%80%9D%29%20emerges%20in%20the%20Anglican%20Church Search in Google Scholar

Schreiter, R. J. 1985. Constructing Local Theologies. New York: Orbis Books. Schreiter R. J. 1985 Constructing Local Theologies New York Orbis Books Search in Google Scholar

Tambiyi, G. Y. 2014. “The Influence of Pentecostal Movements on Youths in Mainline Churches: Throneroom Trust Ministry Unveiled.” Unpublished conference paper, Abuja, Nigeria. Tambiyi G. Y. 2014 “The Influence of Pentecostal Movements on Youths in Mainline Churches: Throneroom Trust Ministry Unveiled.” Unpublished conference paper Abuja, Nigeria Search in Google Scholar