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Alterations in lipids and minerals in relation to larval trematode infections of Nerita polita marine snails

A. H. Hassan
A. H. Hassan
, 
N. S. Alhazmi
N. S. Alhazmi
, 
A. AR. Filimban
A. AR. Filimban
 und 
M. N. Alsulami
M. N. Alsulami
   | 25. Dez. 2021
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Online veröffentlicht: 25. Dez. 2021
Seitenbereich: 346 - 355
Eingereicht: 02. Dez. 2020
Akzeptiert: 30. Sept. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0039
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© 2021 A. H. Hassan, N. S. Alhazmi, A. AR. Filimban, M. N. Alsulami, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Snail’s collection site at Obhor, Jeddah coast, Red Sea (by Google map).
Snail’s collection site at Obhor, Jeddah coast, Red Sea (by Google map).

Fig. 2

The collected snail species, Nerita polita, A: Dorsal view, B: ventral view
The collected snail species, Nerita polita, A: Dorsal view, B: ventral view

Fig. 3

Photomicrograph of the ocellate furcocercus cercaria, Trichobilharzia regenti (Faust,1918) collected from the snail, Nerita polita; eyespots (ES), penetration glands (PG) and fork tail (FT) (methylene blue-stained).
Photomicrograph of the ocellate furcocercus cercaria, Trichobilharzia regenti (Faust,1918) collected from the snail, Nerita polita; eyespots (ES), penetration glands (PG) and fork tail (FT) (methylene blue-stained).

Fig. 4

Photomicrograph of the xiphidiocercaria, Litorina saxatilis VII collected from the snail, Nerita polita; oral sucker (OS), stylet (S), penetration glands (PG), excretory bladder (EB) and small tail (TA) (methylene blue- stained).
Photomicrograph of the xiphidiocercaria, Litorina saxatilis VII collected from the snail, Nerita polita; oral sucker (OS), stylet (S), penetration glands (PG), excretory bladder (EB) and small tail (TA) (methylene blue- stained).

Fig. 5

The infection prevalence of Nerita polita in relation to snail length.
The infection prevalence of Nerita polita in relation to snail length.

Concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids in DGG (mg/g) of Nerita polita in infected versus uninfected snails. T- test performed at 95 % confidence level (p≤0.05).

Uninfected (mg/g) Infected with ocellate furcocercus cercaria (mg/g) P value Infected with xiphidiocercaria (mg/g) P value
Triglycerides 0.53 ±0.021 0.3743 ±.059 0.007* 0.597 ±0.058 0.021*
Cholesterol 1.63 ±0.126 1.380 ±0.202 0.02* 1.786 ±0.178 0.03*
Phospholipids 0.173 ±0.054 0.664 ±0.157 0.06 0.919 ±0.165 0.010*

Minerals concentration in DGG of Nerita polita in infected versus uninfected. T-test performed at 95 % confidence level (p<0.05).

Metal Uninfected (mg/g) Infected with ocellate furcocercus (mg/g) P value Infected with xiphidiocercaria (mg/g) P value
Calcium (Ca) 4.935±7.261 5.002±9.653 0.19 4.943±7.963 0.179
Zinc (Zn) 0.160±0.212 0.499±0.125 0.12 0.958±0.286 0.256
Lead (Pb) 0.009±0.025 0.031±0.896 0.09 0.033±0.652 0.236
Sodium (Na) 24.590±7.023 25.400±8.694 0.103 28.330± 7.653 0.019*
Manganese (Mn) 0.012±0.021 0.096±0.895 0.258 0.218±0.986 0.325
Magnesium (Mg) 2.858±4.524 2.511±0.965 0.635 3.112±7.653 0.145
Potassium (K) 3.380±8.305 2.807±0.852 0.005* 3.616±8.643 0.796
Iron (Fe) 0.243±0.125 0.351±0.986 0.075 0.519±0.256 0.142
Copper (Cu) 0.051±0.611 2.032±0.896 0.049* 0.833±0.563 0.325
Cadmium (Cd) 0.014±0.210 0.008±0.587 0.598 0.021±0.985 0.186

Concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids in SCW (mg/g) of Nerita polita in infected versus uninfected snails. T-test performed at 95 % confidence level (p≤0.05).

Uninfected (mg/g) Infected with ocellate furcocercus cercaria (mg/g) P value Infected with xiphidiocercaria (mg/g) P value
Triglycerides 1.8 ±0.13 0.691 ±0.069 0.012* 0.0232 ±0.0012 0.10
cholesterol 1.765 ±0.635 0.427 ±0.196 0.004* 0.573 ±0.362 0.375
phospholipids 0.045 ±0.0034 0.146 ±0.053 0.231 0.196 ±0.023 0.031*

Concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids in hemolymph (mg/g) of Nerita polita in infected versus uninfected snails. T-test performed at 95 % confidence level (p≤0.05).

Uninfected (mg/g) Infected with ocellate furcocercus cercaria (mg/g) P value Infected with xiphidiocercaria (mg/g) P value
Triglycerides 0.380 ±0.098 0.110 ±0.054 0.005* 0.141 ±0.065 0.002*
Cholesterol 1.339 ±0.329 0.110 ±0.105 0.003* 0.684 ±0.0256 0.010*
phospholipids 0.077 ±0.0077 0.523 ±0.040 0.075 0.253 ±0.0163 0.175

Minerals concentration in Nerita polita shell in infected versus uninfected snails. T-test performed at 95 % confidence level (p<0.05).

Metal Uninfected (mg/g) Infected with ocellate furcocercus (mg/g) P value Infected with xiphidiocercaria (mg/g) P value
Ca 0.478±0.563 0.645±0.796 0.070 4.927±0.896 0.005*
Zn 0.657±0.456 0.577±0.498 0.935 0.884±0.635 0.653
Pb 0.060±0.463 0.062±0.463 0.369 0.061±0.493 0.492
Na 20.750±7.652 25.50±6.52 0.040* 25.300±5.63 0.031*
Mn 0.152±0.468 0.225±0.68 0.635 0.213±0.860 0.365
Mg 2.101±1.568 2.320±0.652 0.452 2.596±0.498 0.045*
K 0.303±0.356 0.983±0.395 0.398 1.194±0.963 0.254
Fe 0.036±0.492 0.065±0.783 0.148 0.010±0.796 0.053*
Cu 0.026±0.468 0.124±0.361 0.398 0.011±0.698 0.235
Cd 0.021±0.148 0.102±0.952 0.985 0.001±0.496 0.076
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