Quantitative Measurements of Hazardous Gas Effluents from the Combustion of Crew Waste Simulant in Microgravity

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

j_gsr-2024-0007_tab_006

Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Lab 1 T1	Lab 1 T2	Lab 1 T3	Lab 1 R	Lab 2 T2
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane	<0.10	<0.083	<0.083	<0.13	<0.083
Perfluoro(2-methylpentane)	<0.21	<0.17	<0.17	<0.25	<0.17
Propene	0.2	1.8	3.58	93	7.46
Propane	0.04	0.39	0.68	95	0.59
Carbonyl sulfide (Carbon oxide sulfide)	<0.037	0.61	0.69	1.3	1.3
Freon 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane)	<0.074	<0.059	<0.059	<0.089	<0.059
Chloromethane	<0.031	0.08	0.53	8.3	0.31
Freon 114 (1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane)	<0.10	<0.084	<0.084	<0.13	<0.084
Isobutane	<0.036	<0.029	<0.029	3.6	<0.029
Vinyl chloride	<0.038	<0.031	0.12	0.17	0.061
Methanol	<0.033	<0.026	<0.026	70	<0.026
Acetaldehyde	0.14	0.16	0.37	497	0.19
2-Methyl-1-propene	0.04	0.17	0.67	203	0.19
Butane	<0.036	0.12	0.28	35	0.11
1,3-Butadiene	<0.033	<0.027	<0.027	17	<0.027
Bromomethane	<0.058	<0.047	<0.047	<0.070	<0.047
Chloroethane	<0.040	<0.032	<0.032	5.1	<0.032
Ethanol	<0.028	<0.023	<0.023	12.3	<0.023
Freon 11 (Trichlorofluoromethane)	<0.084	<0.067	<0.067	<0.10	<0.067
Propenal (Acrolein)	<0.034	<0.028	<0.028	112	<0.028
Acetonitrile	<0.025	<0.020	0.03	7.9	<0.020
Acetone	0.14	0.06	0.14	168	0.08
Propanal (Propionaldehyde)	<0.036	<0.029	0.052	186	<0.029
Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Lab 1 T1	Lab 1 T2	Lab 1 T3	Lab 1 R	Lab 2 T2
Furan	<0.042	<0.033	<0.033	31	<0.033
Pentane	<0.044	<0.035	0.04	29	<0.035
2-Propanol (Isopropanol)	<0.061	<0.049	<0.049	0.83	<0.049
Isoprene (2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene)	<0.042	<0.033	<0.033	0.17	<0.033
1,1-Dichloroethene	<0.059	<0.048	<0.048	<0.071	<0.048
Dimethyl sulfide	<0.038	<0.030	<0.030	0.97	<0.030
Acrylonitrile	<0.033	<0.026	<0.026	8.5	<0.026
Freon 113 (1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane)	<0.11	<0.092	<0.092	<0.14	<0.092
2-Methyl-2-propanol	<0.045	<0.036	<0.036	0.19	<0.036
Methyl acetate	<0.045	<0.036	<0.036	1.3	<0.036
3-Chloropropene (Allyl chloride)	<0.047	<0.038	<0.038	0.18	<0.038
Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)	<0.052	<0.042	<0.042	<0.063	<0.042
Carbon disulfide	<0.047	0.31	0.71	4.7	0.49
1-Propanol	<0.037	<0.029	<0.029	2.41	<0.029
Trimethylsilanol	<0.055	<0.044	<0.044	<0.066	<0.044
1,1-Dichloroethane	<0.061	<0.049	<0.049	<0.073	<0.049
Butanal (Butyraldehyde)	<0.044	<0.035	0.036	45	0.04
2-Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone)	<0.044	<0.035	0.054	31	<0.035
Hexane	<0.053	<0.042	<0.042	17	<0.042
2-Methylfuran	<0.050	<0.040	<0.040	16	<0.040
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene	<0.059	<0.048	<0.048	<0.071	<0.048
Ethyl acetate	<0.054	<0.043	<0.043	<0.065	<0.043
Chloroform	<0.073	<0.059	<0.059	<0.088	<0.059
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	<0.082	<0.065	<0.065	<0.098	<0.065
2-Butenal	<0.043	<0.034	<0.034	7.2	<0.034
1,2-Dichloroethane	<0.061	<0.049	<0.049	0.44	<0.049
Benzene	<0.048	<0.038	<0.038	216	<0.038
Carbon tetrachloride	<0.094	<0.075	<0.075	<0.11	<0.075
1-Butanol	<0.045	<0.036	<0.036	3.9	<0.036
2-Methylhexane	<0.061	<0.049	<0.049	0.29	<0.049
2,3-Dimethylpentane	<0.061	<0.049	<0.049	0.41	<0.049
3-Methylhexane	<0.061	<0.049	<0.049	<0.074	<0.049
2-Pentanone	<0.053	<0.042	<0.042	18	<0.042
Pentanal	<0.053	<0.042	<0.042	42	<0.042
n-Heptane	<0.061	<0.049	<0.049	18	<0.049
Trichloroethene	<0.081	<0.064	<0.064	<0.097	<0.064
1,2-Dichloropropane	<0.069	<0.055	<0.055	<0.083	<0.055
2,5-Dimethylfuran	<0.059	<0.047	<0.047	5.4	<0.047
1,4-Dioxane	<0.054	<0.043	<0.043	0.87	<0.043
4-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK)	<0.061	<0.049	<0.049	3	<0.049
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene	<0.068	<0.054	<0.054	<0.082	<0.054
2-Pentenal	<0.052	<0.041	<0.041	6.7	<0.041
Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Lab 1 T1	Lab 1 T2	Lab 1 T3	Lab 1 R	Lab 2 T2
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene	<0.068	<0.054	<0.054	<0.082	<0.054
Toluene	<0.057	<0.045	<0.045	34	<0.045
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	<0.082	<0.065	<0.065	<0.098	<0.065
Mesityl oxide (4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one)	<0.060	<0.048	<0.048	3.1	<0.048
Octane	<0.070	<0.056	<0.056	15	<0.056
Hexanal	<0.061	<0.049	<0.049	26	<0.049
Butyl acetate	<0.071	<0.057	<0.057	<0.086	<0.057
Tetrachloroethene (Perchloroethene)	<0.10	<0.081	<0.081	<0.12	<0.081
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB)	<0.12	<0.092	<0.092	<0.14	<0.092
Chlorobenzene	<0.069	<0.055	<0.055	0.31	<0.055
Ethylbenzene	<0.065	<0.052	<0.052	6.7	<0.052
m & p-Xylene	<0.13	<0.10	<0.10	4.5	<0.10
2-Heptanone	<0.070	<0.056	<0.056	3.1	<0.056
Nonane	<0.079	<0.063	<0.063	10	<0.063
Styrene (Ethenylbenzene)	<0.064	<0.051	<0.051	4.8	<0.051
Heptanal	<0.070	<0.056	<0.056	21	<0.056
o-Xylene	<0.065	<0.052	<0.052	2.7	<0.052
Cyclohexanone	<0.060	<0.048	<0.048	1.4	<0.048
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	<0.10	<0.082	<0.082	0.2	<0.082
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS)	<0.30	<0.24	0.35	0.52	0.43
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene	<0.074	<0.059	<0.059	1	<0.059
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene	<0.074	<0.059	<0.059	0.57	<0.059
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	<0.090	<0.072	<0.072	<0.11	<0.072
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	<0.090	<0.072	<0.072	<0.11	<0.072
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	<0.090	<0.072	<0.072	<0.11	<0.072
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (DMCPS)	<0.38	<0.30	<0.30	<0.45	<0.30
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene	<0.19	<0.15	<0.15	<0.22	<0.15
Hexachlorobutadiene	<0.16	<0.13	<0.13	<0.19	<0.13
Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Lab 2 T3	Lab 2 R	Lab 2 rm	Lab 3 T1	Lab 3 T2
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane	<0.10	<0.15	<0.027	<0.12	<0.10
Perfluoro(2-methylpentane)	<0.21	<0.29	<0.054	<0.24	<0.21
Propene	9.05	71	0.014	0.036	0.71
Propane	<0.027	72	<0.0070	<0.031	1
Carbonyl sulfide (Carbon oxide sulfide)	0.91	1.7	<0.0096	<0.043	1.6
Freon 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane)	<0.074	<0.10	<0.019	<0.086	<0.074
Chloromethane	0.81	9.4	<0.0081	<0.036	0.26
Freon 114 (1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane)	<0.10	<0.15	<0.027	<0.12	<0.10
Isobutane	0.038	1.2	<0.0093	<0.041	<0.036
Vinyl chloride	0.24	0.19	<0.0100	<0.044	0.083
Methanol	<0.033	58	0.011	0.088	<0.033
Acetaldehyde	0.43	473	0.02	0.42	0.2
Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Lab 2 T3	Lab 2 R	Lab 2 rm	Lab 3 T1	Lab 3 T2
2-Methyl-1-propene	1.2	184	<0.0090	<0.040	0.3
Butane	0.59	59	<0.0093	<0.041	0.2
1,3-Butadiene	<0.033	11	<0.0086	<0.038	<0.033
Bromomethane	<0.058	<0.082	<0.015	<0.068	<0.058
Chloroethane	<0.040	9.9	<0.010	<0.046	<0.040
Ethanol	<0.028	35.4	<0.0073	<0.033	<0.028
Freon 11 (Trichlorofluoromethane)	<0.084	<0.12	<0.022	<0.098	<0.084
Propenal (Acrolein)	<0.034	112	<0.0089	0.092	<0.034
Acetonitrile	<0.025	14	<0.0065	0.079	0.05
Acetone	0.15	137	0.04	0.46	0.17
Propanal (Propionaldehyde)	0.074	162	<0.0093	0.15	0.045
Furan	<0.042	54	<0.011	<0.048	<0.042
Pentane	0.066	40	<0.012	<0.051	<0.044
2-Propanol (Isopropanol)	<0.061	47	0.12	<0.071	<0.061
Isoprene (2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene)	<0.042	<0.059	<0.011	<0.048	<0.042
1,1-Dichloroethene	<0.059	<0.083	<0.015	<0.069	<0.059
Dimethyl sulfide	<0.038	0.7	<0.0099	<0.044	<0.038
Acrylonitrile	<0.033	25	<0.0085	0.055	<0.033
Freon 113 (1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane)	<0.11	<0.16	<0.030	<0.13	<0.11
2-Methyl-2-propanol	<0.045	<0.064	<0.012	<0.053	<0.045
Methyl acetate	<0.045	0.72	<0.012	<0.053	<0.045
3-Chloropropene (Allyl chloride)	<0.047	0.15	<0.012	<0.054	<0.047
Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)	<0.052	<0.073	<0.014	<0.060	<0.052
Carbon disulfide	0.7	2.8	<0.012	<0.054	0.32
1-Propanol	<0.037	<0.052	<0.0096	<0.043	<0.037
Trimethylsilanol	<0.055	<0.077	<0.014	0.06	<0.055
1,1-Dichloroethane	<0.061	<0.085	<0.016	<0.070	<0.061
Butanal (Butyraldehyde)	<0.044	77	<0.012	0.078	<0.044
2-Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone)	<0.044	43	<0.012	0.11	<0.044
Hexane	<0.053	16	<0.014	<0.061	<0.053
2-Methylfuran	<0.050	13	<0.013	<0.058	<0.050
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene	<0.059	<0.083	<0.015	<0.069	<0.059
Ethyl acetate	<0.054	<0.076	<0.014	<0.063	<0.054
Chloroform	<0.073	<0.10	<0.019	<0.085	<0.073
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	<0.082	<0.11	<0.021	<0.095	<0.082
2-Butenal	<0.043	8.2	<0.011	0.068	<0.043
1,2-Dichloroethane	<0.061	0.28	<0.016	<0.070	<0.061
Benzene	0.066	210	<0.012	0.17	<0.048
Carbon tetrachloride	<0.094	<0.13	<0.025	<0.11	<0.094
1-Butanol	<0.045	1.2	<0.012	<0.053	<0.045
2-Methylhexane	<0.061	<0.086	<0.016	<0.071	<0.061
2,3-Dimethylpentane	<0.061	<0.086	<0.016	<0.071	<0.061
Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Lab 2 T3	Lab 2 R	Lab 2 rm	Lab 3 T1	Lab 3 T2
3-Methylhexane	<0.061	<0.086	<0.016	<0.071	<0.061
2-Pentanone	<0.053	13	<0.014	0.11	<0.053
Pentanal	<0.053	53	<0.014	0.14	<0.053
n-Heptane	<0.061	18	<0.016	<0.071	<0.061
Trichloroethene	<0.081	<0.11	<0.021	<0.094	<0.081
1,2-Dichloropropane	<0.069	<0.097	<0.018	<0.080	<0.069
2,5-Dimethylfuran	<0.059	1.4	<0.015	<0.068	<0.059
1,4-Dioxane	<0.054	0.21	<0.014	<0.063	<0.054
4-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK)	<0.061	1.1	<0.016	<0.071	<0.061
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene	<0.068	<0.095	<0.018	<0.079	<0.068
2-Pentenal	<0.052	2.8	<0.013	<0.060	<0.052
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene	<0.068	<0.095	<0.018	<0.079	<0.068
Toluene	<0.057	37	<0.015	<0.066	<0.057
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	<0.082	<0.11	<0.021	<0.095	<0.082
Mesityl oxide (4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one)	<0.060	<0.084	<0.016	<0.070	<0.060
Octane	<0.070	11	<0.018	<0.081	<0.070
Hexanal	<0.061	25	<0.016	0.12	<0.061
Butyl acetate	<0.071	<0.10	<0.019	<0.083	<0.071
Tetrachloroethene (Perchloroethene)	<0.10	<0.14	<0.026	<0.12	<0.10
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB)	<0.12	<0.16	<0.030	<0.13	<0.12
Chlorobenzene	<0.069	0.15	<0.018	<0.080	<0.069
Ethylbenzene	<0.065	3.5	<0.017	<0.076	<0.065
m & p-Xylene	<0.13	2.2	<0.034	<0.15	<0.13
2-Heptanone	<0.070	2.3	<0.018	0.1	0.073
Nonane	<0.079	3.7	<0.020	<0.091	<0.079
Styrene (Ethenylbenzene)	<0.064	1.6	<0.017	<0.074	<0.064
Heptanal	<0.070	10	<0.018	0.12	0.074
o-Xylene	<0.065	1.5	<0.017	<0.076	<0.065
Cyclohexanone	<0.060	0.75	<0.016	<0.070	<0.060
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	<0.10	<0.14	<0.027	<0.12	<0.10
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS)	<0.30	<0.42	<0.079	1	0.4
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene	<0.074	0.31	<0.019	<0.086	<0.074
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene	<0.074	0.18	<0.019	<0.086	<0.074
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	<0.090	<0.13	<0.023	<0.10	<0.090
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	<0.090	<0.13	<0.023	<0.10	<0.090
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	<0.090	<0.13	<0.023	<0.10	<0.090
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (DMCPS)	<0.38	<0.53	<0.099	<0.44	<0.38
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene	<0.19	<0.26	<0.048	<0.22	<0.19
Hexachlorobutadiene	<0.16	<0.22	<0.042	<0.19	<0.16

Comparisons of flight VOCs to laboratory tests, reported in mg VOC/kg trash combusted_ Cells shaded in blue denote chemical categories where the flight value falls outside of the 95% CI for the lab measurements_

	Collection Tank 2 (T2)		Collection Tank 3 (T3)		Reactor
VOC Type	Flight	Lab Average	Flight	Lab Average	Flight	Lab Average
Carbonyls	1.42	0.28±0.32	1.40	0.39±0.05	666.2	684.6±113.2
Other CHO	--	--	0.06	--	193.6	57.9±53.3
Aromatic hydrocarbons	--	--	0.06	0.04	426.2	130.1±114.8
Aromatic halogens	--	--	--	--	--	0.9±1.2
Furans/dioxins	--	--	0.26	--	87.5	40.0±18.5
Aliphatic hydrocarbons	94.39	3.33±6.56	256.83	4.64±3.90	1088.2	281.2±123.5
CHN	--	0.04	0.10	0.02	22.9	12.6±21.5
Aliphatic halogens	1.76	0.20±0.30	6.27	0.48±0.27	20.8	11.8±7.8
Thiols/sulfides	2.73	1.18±0.99	4.26	0.86±0.13	8.3	6.2±11.2
Siloxanes	--	0.30	--	0.21	--	0.3
Total VOCs	100.30	5.09±6.97	269.24	6.48±4.04	2513.7	1225.4±274.7

j_gsr-2024-0007_tab_005

Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Flight T3	Flight T1	Flight T2	Flight rm	Flight R
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane	<0.083	<0.12	<0.083	<0.031	<2.5
Perfluoro(2-methylpentane)	<0.17	<0.23	<0.17	<0.062	<4.9
Propene	98.86	1.1	38.33	<0.0077	214.03
Propane	108.44	0.16	41.99	<0.0081	222.37
Carbonyl sulfide (Carbon oxide sulfide)	0.78	<0.041	0.63	<0.011	3.7
Freon 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane)	<0.059	<0.083	<0.059	<0.022	<1.7
Chloromethane	7.02	<0.035	1.69	<0.0093	21.09
Freon 114 (1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane)	<0.084	<0.12	<0.084	<0.031	<2.5
Isobutane	2.1	<0.040	0.49	<0.011	4.97
Vinyl chloride	1.57	<0.043	0.29	<0.012	2.24
Methanol	0.09	<0.037	<0.026	0.06	36.34
Acetaldehyde	0.24	2.34	1.28	0.09	622.83
2-Methyl-1-propene	112.56	0.16	19.59	<0.010	486.87
Butane	29.18	0.05	5.19	<0.011	185.13
1,3-Butadiene	0.56	0.06	0.06	<0.0100	217.79
Bromomethane	<0.047	<0.065	<0.047	<0.017	<1.4
Chloroethane	0.1	<0.044	<0.032	<0.012	5.48
Ethanol	<0.023	0.1	<0.023	1.76	226.57
Freon 11 (Trichlorofluoromethane)	<0.067	<0.094	<0.067	<0.025	<2.0
Propenal (Acrolein)	0.59	<0.039	0.08	<0.010	2.7
Acetonitrile	0.14	<0.028	<0.020	<0.0076	16.34
Acetone	0.53	0.29	0.14	0.12	70.66
Propanal (Propionaldehyde)	0.45	0.04	0.1	0.02	61.54
Furan	0.36	<0.047	<0.033	<0.013	75.38
Pentane	4.1	<0.050	0.56	<0.013	54.02
2-Propanol (Isopropanol)	<0.049	0.44	<0.049	0.4	<1.4
Isoprene (2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene)	<0.033	<0.047	<0.033	<0.013	18.77
1,1-Dichloroethene	<0.048	<0.067	<0.048	<0.018	<1.4
Dimethyl sulfide	<0.030	<0.043	<0.030	<0.011	1.18
Acrylonitrile	<0.026	<0.036	<0.026	<0.0098	15.4
Freon 113 (1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane)	<0.092	<0.13	<0.092	<0.034	<2.7
2-Methyl-2-propanol	<0.036	<0.051	<0.036	<0.014	<1.1
Methyl acetate	<0.036	<0.051	<0.036	<0.014	1.58
3-Chloropropene (Allyl chloride)	<0.038	<0.053	<0.038	<0.014	<1.1
Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Flight T3	Flight T1	Flight T2	Flight rm	Flight R
Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)	<0.042	<0.058	<0.042	<0.016	<1.2
Carbon disulfide	5.12	<0.052	2.44	<0.014	6.69
1-Propanol	<0.029	<0.041	<0.029	<0.011	1.79
Trimethylsilanol	<0.044	<0.062	<0.044	<0.017	<1.3
1,1-Dichloroethane	<0.049	<0.068	<0.049	<0.018	<1.4
Butanal (Butyraldehyde)	0.05	<0.050	<0.035	0.01	40.18
2-Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone)	<0.035	<0.050	<0.035	<0.013	36.97
Hexane	0.18	<0.059	<0.042	<0.016	37.39
2-Methylfuran	<0.040	<0.056	<0.040	<0.015	35.21
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene	<0.048	<0.067	<0.048	<0.018	<1.4
Ethyl acetate	<0.043	<0.061	<0.043	<0.016	<1.3
Chloroform	<0.059	<0.082	<0.059	<0.022	<1.7
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	<0.065	<0.092	<0.065	<0.025	<1.9
2-Butenal	0.08	<0.048	<0.034	<0.013	<1.0
1,2-Dichloroethane	<0.049	<0.068	<0.049	<0.018	<1.4
Benzene	0.09	<0.054	<0.038	<0.014	523.59
Carbon tetrachloride	<0.075	<0.11	<0.075	<0.028	<2.2
1-Butanol	<0.036	<0.051	<0.036	<0.014	3.62
2-Methylhexane	<0.049	<0.069	<0.049	<0.018	<1.4
2,3-Dimethylpentane	<0.049	<0.069	<0.049	<0.018	<1.4
3-Methylhexane	<0.049	<0.069	<0.049	<0.018	<1.4
2-Pentanone	<0.042	<0.059	<0.042	<0.016	10.85
Pentanal	<0.042	<0.059	<0.042	<0.016	47.56
n-Heptane	<0.049	<0.069	<0.049	<0.018	36.57
Trichloroethene	<0.064	<0.090	<0.064	<0.024	<1.9
1,2-Dichloropropane	<0.055	<0.078	<0.055	<0.021	<1.6
2,5-Dimethylfuran	<0.047	<0.066	<0.047	<0.018	10.65
1,4-Dioxane	<0.043	<0.061	<0.043	<0.016	<1.3
4-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK)	<0.049	<0.069	<0.049	<0.018	<1.4
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene	<0.054	<0.076	<0.054	<0.020	<1.6
2-Pentenal	<0.041	<0.058	<0.041	<0.015	<1.2
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene	<0.054	<0.076	<0.054	<0.020	<1.6
Toluene	<0.045	<0.063	<0.045	<0.017	47.9
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	<0.065	<0.092	<0.065	<0.025	<1.9
Mesityl oxide (4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one)	<0.048	<0.067	<0.048	<0.018	<1.4
Octane	<0.056	<0.078	<0.056	<0.021	21.71
Hexanal	<0.049	<0.069	<0.049	0.03	18.99
Butyl acetate	<0.057	<0.080	<0.057	<0.021	<1.7
Tetrachloroethene (Perchloroethene)	<0.081	<0.11	<0.081	<0.031	<2.4
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB)	<0.092	<0.13	<0.092	<0.035	<2.7
Chlorobenzene	<0.055	<0.077	<0.055	<0.021	<1.6
Ethylbenzene	<0.055	<0.077	<0.052	<0.020	6.19
Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Flight T3	Flight T1	Flight T2	Flight rm	Flight R
m & p-Xylene	<0.010	<0.015	<0.10	<0.039	3.42
2-Heptanone	<0.056	<0.078	<0.056	<0.021	<1.6
Nonane	<0.063	<0.088	<0.063	<0.024	8.67
Styrene (Ethenylbenzene)	<0.051	<0.072	<0.051	<0.019	7.9
Heptanal	<0.056	<0.078	<0.056	<0.021	9.57
o-Xylene	<0.052	<0.073	<0.052	<0.020	1.78
Cyclohexanone	<0.048	<0.067	<0.048	<0.018	<1.4
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	<0.082	<0.012	<0.082	<0.031	<2.4
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS)	<0.24	<0.34	<0.24	<0.091	<7.1
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene	<0.059	<0.083	<0.059	<0.022	<1.7
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene	<0.059	<0.083	<0.059	<0.022	<1.7
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	<0.072	<0.10	<0.072	<0.027	<2.1
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	<0.072	<0.10	<0.072	<0.027	<2.1
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	<0.072	<0.10	<0.072	<0.027	<2.1
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (DMCPS)	<0.30	<0.42	<0.30	<0.11	<8.9
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene	<0.15	<0.21	<0.15	<0.056	<4.4
Hexachlorobutadiene	<0.13	<0.18	<0.13	<0.048	<3.8

j_gsr-2024-0007_tab_008

Waste Material	% of OWS (wt%)
Clothing (cotton t-shirt)	17.9%
Food Packaging (FP)	13.4%
FP Overwrap	13.4%
Cotton towel	9.5%
Tech Wipes	3.6%
Toilet Paper	3.6%
Nitrile Gloves	1.6%
Fecal Simulant	13.4%
Wet Wipes	10.8%
Food Simulant	10.6%
Toothpaste	1.2%
Shampoo	1.2%

j_gsr-2024-0007_tab_007

Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Lab 3 T3	Lab 3 R
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane	<0.10	<0.24
Perfluoro(2-methylpentane)	<0.21	<0.48
Propene	5.4	76
Propane	0.89	83
Carbonyl sulfide (Carbon oxide sulfide)	0.81	2.1
Freon 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane)	<0.074	<0.17
Chloromethane	0.58	12
Freon 114 (1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane)	<0.10	<0.24
Isobutane	<0.036	2.1
Vinyl chloride	0.2	0.51
Methanol	<0.033	45
Acetaldehyde	0.37	628
2-Methyl-1-propene	0.86	90
Butane	0.44	38
1,3-Butadiene	<0.033	1.7
Bromomethane	<0.058	<0.13
Chloroethane	<0.040	12
Ethanol	<0.028	15
Freon 11 (Trichlorofluoromethane)	<0.084	<0.19
Propenal (Acrolein)	<0.034	126
Acetonitrile	<0.025	0.95
Acetone	0.22	109
Propanal (Propionaldehyde)	0.062	28
Furan	<0.042	61
Pentane	0.06	60
2-Propanol (Isopropanol)	<0.061	<0.14
Isoprene (2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene)	<0.042	0.25
1,1-Dichloroethene	<0.059	<0.14
Dimethyl sulfide	<0.038	0.86
Acrylonitrile	<0.033	8
Freon 113 (1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane)	<0.11	<0.26
2-Methyl-2-propanol	<0.045	0.17
Methyl acetate	<0.045	0.84
3-Chloropropene (Allyl chloride)	<0.047	0.23
Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)	<0.052	<0.12
Carbon disulfide	0.6	16
1-Propanol	<0.037	1.2
Trimethylsilanol	<0.055	<0.13
1,1-Dichloroethane	<0.061	<0.14
Butanal (Butyraldehyde)	<0.044	103
2-Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone)	0.055	36
Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Lab 3 T3	Lab 3 R
Hexane	<0.053	13
2-Methylfuran	<0.050	16
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene	<0.059	<0.14
Ethyl acetate	<0.054	0.48
Chloroform	<0.073	<0.17
1,1,1-Trichloroethane	<0.082	<0.19
2-Butenal	<0.043	3.8
1,2-Dichloroethane	<0.061	0.41
Benzene	<0.048	95
Carbon tetrachloride	<0.094	<0.22
1-Butanol	<0.045	1.4
2-Methylhexane	<0.061	0.17
2,3-Dimethylpentane	<0.061	0.26
3-Methylhexane	<0.061	0.18
2-Pentanone	<0.053	32
Pentanal	<0.053	39
n-Heptane	<0.061	14
Trichloroethene	<0.081	<0.19
1,2-Dichloropropane	<0.069	<0.16
2,5-Dimethylfuran	<0.059	2.2
1,4-Dioxane	<0.054	0.36
4-Methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK)	<0.061	5
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene	<0.068	<0.16
2-Pentenal	<0.052	4.8
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene	<0.068	<0.16
Toluene	<0.057	27
1,1,2-Trichloroethane	<0.082	<0.19
Mesityl oxide (4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one)	<0.060	2.7
Octane	<0.070	6.6
Hexanal	<0.061	18
Butyl acetate	<0.071	0.23
Tetrachloroethene (Perchloroethene)	<0.10	<0.23
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB)	<0.12	<0.27
Chlorobenzene	<0.069	0.21
Ethylbenzene	<0.065	3.2
m & p-Xylene	<0.13	2.5
2-Heptanone	<0.070	2.4
Nonane	<0.079	3.8
Styrene (Ethenylbenzene)	<0.064	1.1
Heptanal	<0.070	7.1
o-Xylene	<0.065	1.3
Cyclohexanone	<0.060	0.74
Target Compounds (TO-15)*	Lab 3 T3	Lab 3 R
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane	<0.10	<0.24
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS)	<0.30	<0.70
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene	<0.074	1.7
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene	<0.074	0.22
1,3-Dichlorobenzene	<0.090	<0.21
1,4-Dichlorobenzene	<0.090	<0.21
1,2-Dichlorobenzene	<0.090	<0.21
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (DMCPS)	<0.38	<0.87
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene	<0.19	<0.43
Hexachlorobutadiene	<0.16	<0.37

Observed reactor SMAC compounds from combustion of 10 g trash in microgravity as a percentage of the SMAC limit for exposures up to 180-days_

	% of 1-hour limit		% of 24-hour limit		% of 7-day limit		% of 30-day limit		% of 180-day limit
SMAC Compound	UD	D	UD	D	UD	D	UD	D	UD	D
Propane	83.4	1.19e-2	83.4	1.19e-2	83.4	1.19e-2	83.4	1.19e-2	83.4	1.19e-2
Vinyl chloride	0.684	9.73e-5	2.96	4.21e-4	88.9	1.26e-2	88.9	1.26e-2	88.9	1.26e-2
Methanol	40.2	5.72e-3	40.2	5.72e-3	141	2.00e-2	141	2.00e-2	140	2.00e-2
Acetaldehyde	3.51e3	0.499	5.84e3	0.831	1.75e4	2.49	1.75e4	2.49	1.75e4	2.49
Butane	0.439	6.24e-5	0.439	6.24e-5	0.439	6.24e-5	0.439	6.24e-5	0.439	6.24e-5
Ethanol	2.44	3.47e-4	2.44	3.47e-4	12.2	1.73e-3	12.2	1.73e-3	12.2	1.73e-3
Acrolein	1.59e3	0.227	3.41e3	0.485	7.96e3	1.13	7.96e3	1.13	1.49e4	2.12
Acetone	6.03	8.58e-4	15.1	2.15e-3	137	1.95e-2	137	1.95e-2	137	1.95e-2
Propionaldehyde	58.4	8.31e-3	58.4	8.31e-3	526	7.48e-2	526	7.48e-2	526	7.48e-2
Furan	6.87e2	9.77e-2	6.87e3	0.977	1.10e5	15.6	1.10e5	15.6	1.10e5	15.6
Pentane	12.4	1.76e-3	23.2	3.30e-3	31.0	4.40e-3	92.8	1.32e-2	619	8.80e-2
Isoprene	13.7	1.94e-3	27.3	3.89e-3	342	4.86e-2	342	4.86e-2	683	9.72e-2
Butyraldehyde	30.7	4.37e-3	30.7	4.37e-3	276	3.93e-2	276	3.93e-2	276	3.93e-2
MEK	25.4	3.62e-3	25.4	3.62e-3	127	1.81e-2	127	1.81e-2	127	1.81e-2
Benzene	1.66e3	0.236	5.54e3	0.788	3.32e4	4.73	1.66e5	23.6	2.37e5	3.38
1-Butanol	2.42	3.45e-4	4.84	6.89e-4	4.84	6.89e-4	4.84	6.89e-4	10.1	1.44e-3
Pentanal	30.4	4.33e-3	30.4	4.33e-3	274	3.90e-2	274	3.90e-2	274	3.90e-2
n-Heptane	6.03	8.58e-4	11.3	1.61e-3	15.1	2.15e-3	45.3	6.44e-3	302	4.29e-2
Toluene	80.6	1.15e-2	80.6	1.15e-2	322	4.58e-2	322	4.58e-2	322	4.58e-2
Octane	3.14	4.47e-4	5.89	8.38e-4	7.86	1.12e-3	23.6	3.35e-3	157	2.23e-2
Hexanal	10.5	1.49e-3	10.5	1.49e-3	94.0	1.34e-2	94.0	1.34e-2	94.0	1.34e-2
Ethylbenzene	0.803	1.14e-4	2.41	3.43e-4	4.82	6.86e-4	4.82	6.86e-4	12.1	1.71e-3
m & p-Xylene	1.60	2.27e-4	4.70	6.68e-4	4.70	6.68e-4	4.70	6.68e-4	9.40	1.34e-3
Nonane	1.12	1.59e-4	2.10	2.98e-4	2.80	3.98e-4	8.39	1.19e-3	55.9	7.95e-3
Heptanal	4.62	6.57e-4	4.62	6.57e-4	41.6	5.91e-3	41.6	5.91e-3	41.6	5.91e-3
o-Xylene	0.832	1.18e-4	2.45	3.48e-4	2.45	3.48e-4	2.45	3.48e-4	4.89	6.96e-4

Individual SMAC Compound Comparisons in Reactor Gases_ All values are given in ppm_

SMAC Compounds	Flight	Lab Avg	1-h SMAC	24-h SMAC	7-d SMAC	30-d SMAC	180-d SMAC
Propane	125.05	46.86±16.07	150	150	150	150	150
Vinyl chloride	0.89	0.12±0.19	130	30	1	1	1
Methanol	28.13	44.64±24.04	70	70	20	20	20
Acetaldehyde	350.65	299.89±116.69	10	6	2	2	2
Butane	79.00	18.77±13.86	18000	18000	18000	18000	18000
Ethanol	121.97	11.25±16.89	5000	5000	1000	1000	1000
Acrolein	1.19	51.61±8.88	0.075	0.035	0.015	0.015	0.008
Acetone	30.17	58.93±31.31	500	200	22	22	22
Propionaldehyde	26.28	53.52±90.32	45	45	5	5	5
Furan	27.46	17.73±14.21	4	0.4	0.025	0.025	0.025
Pentane	18.57	14.78±13.42	150	80	60	20	3
Isopropanol		9.87±40.99	400	100	60	60	60
Isoprene	6.83	0.08±0.06	50	25	2	2	1
t-Butanol		0.06±0.01	50	50	50	50	40
Butyraldehyde	13.82	25.79±24.82	45	45	5	5	5
Methylethyl ketone	12.71	12.61±5.15	50	50	10	10	10
Benzene	166.24	55.14±53.79	10	3	0.5	0.1	0.07
1-Butanol	1.21	0.72±1.25	50	25	25	25	12
Pentanal	13.69	12.86±5.27	45	45	5	5	5
n-Heptane	9.05	4.12±1.42	150	80	60	20	3
MIBK		0.75±1.20	35	35	35	35	35
Toluene	12.89	8.79±3.43	16	16	4	4	4
Octane	4.71	2.36±2.27	150	80	60	20	3
Hexanal	4.70	5.69±2.68	45	45	5	5	5
Ethylbenzene	1.45	1.04±1.13	180	60	30	30	12
m& p-Xylene	0.80	0.72±0.73	50	17	17	17	8.5
Nonane	1.68	1.13±1.73	150	80	60	20	3
Heptanal	2.08	2.76±3.96	45	45	5	5	5
o-Xylene	0.42	0.43±0.44	50	17	17	17	8.5
OMCTS	--	0.04	--	--	23	5	1
Flight value exceeds 95% CI.			Flight value exceeds SMAC limit.

Compounds not observed above the reporting limit, all samples_

Fluorides/Bromides not observed	Polychlorides not observed
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane	1,1-dichloroethene	cis-1,3-dichloropropene
perfluoro-2-methylpentane	Dichloromethane	trans-1,3-dichloropropene
dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12)	1,1-dichloroethane	1,1,2-trichloroethane
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (Freon 114)	cis-1,2-dichloroethene	tetrachloroethene
trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11)	chloroform	1,3-dichlorobenzene
1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon 113)	1,1,1-trichloroethane	1,4-dichlorobenzene
Bromomethane	carbon tetrachloride	1,2-dichlorobenzene
1,2-dibromoethane	trichloroethene	1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
	1,2-dichloropropane	Hexachlorobutadiene