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Effect of Fracture on ESR Intensity Using a Low-Velocity Rotary Shear Apparatus

Kiriha Tanaka
Kiriha Tanaka
, 
Jun Muto
Jun Muto
, 
Yasuo Yabe
Yasuo Yabe
, 
Toshitaka Oka
Toshitaka Oka
 und 
Hiroyuki Nagahama
Hiroyuki Nagahama
   | 31. Dez. 2021
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Online veröffentlicht: 31. Dez. 2021
Seitenbereich: 205 - 214
Eingereicht: 15. Feb. 2019
Akzeptiert: 15. Apr. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/geochr-2020-0035
Schlüsselwörter
© 2019 Kiriha Tanaka et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

The overall view of a low-velocity rotary shear apparatus and simulated-quartz gouges before and after a shear test. (a) A low-velocity rotary shear apparatus. A white arrow points a torque arm. (b) A part of an assembly to set in the apparatus. (c) Starting and (d) sheared gouges on the surface of the brass forcing blocks. Note the colour change of gouge after a shear test in (d).
The overall view of a low-velocity rotary shear apparatus and simulated-quartz gouges before and after a shear test. (a) A low-velocity rotary shear apparatus. A white arrow points a torque arm. (b) A part of an assembly to set in the apparatus. (c) Starting and (d) sheared gouges on the surface of the brass forcing blocks. Note the colour change of gouge after a shear test in (d).

Fig. 2

Friction coefficient versus displacement during shear tests. (a) Displacement: D = 0.28 m. (b) D = 0.57 m. (c) D = 0.85 m. (d) D = 1.1 m. (e) D = 1.4 m. Red line indicates the sample that we could not recovered the enough amount for the ESR measurement.
Friction coefficient versus displacement during shear tests. (a) Displacement: D = 0.28 m. (b) D = 0.57 m. (c) D = 0.85 m. (d) D = 1.1 m. (e) D = 1.4 m. Red line indicates the sample that we could not recovered the enough amount for the ESR measurement.

Fig. 3

Representative ESR spectra of E1’ centre, peroxy centre (-A, B and C), OHC and Mn2+/MgO marker. ESR spectra (a) at room temperature and a microwave power of 0.01 mW (b) at room temperature and a microwave power of 1 mW.
Representative ESR spectra of E1’ centre, peroxy centre (-A, B and C), OHC and Mn2+/MgO marker. ESR spectra (a) at room temperature and a microwave power of 0.01 mW (b) at room temperature and a microwave power of 1 mW.

Fig. 4

The ESR intensities of (a) E1’ centre, (b) OHC, (c) peroxy centre-A (triangle), B (square) and C (pentagon) versus displacement. Red solid and dot lines indicate a linear approximation curve and a saturation curve calculated by least squares method, respectively. Blue solid lines indicate linear approximation curves calculated by least squares method.
The ESR intensities of (a) E1’ centre, (b) OHC, (c) peroxy centre-A (triangle), B (square) and C (pentagon) versus displacement. Red solid and dot lines indicate a linear approximation curve and a saturation curve calculated by least squares method, respectively. Blue solid lines indicate linear approximation curves calculated by least squares method.

Fig. 5

The ESR intensities of (a) E1’ centre, (b) OHC, (c) peroxy centre-A, (d) B and (e) C versus the weights of starting gouge of quartz only sample and mixed sample-1 and the weight percentage of brass of mixed sample-1. The error value reflected the measured error of ESR intensity of 10 batches of starting gouge. Black symbols mean the values of quartz only sample and red symbols mean the values of mixed sample-1. Solid lines indicate linear approximation curves calculated by least squares method. Dashed lines indicate the weight dependency of ESR intensity based on the results in Fig. S4.
The ESR intensities of (a) E1’ centre, (b) OHC, (c) peroxy centre-A, (d) B and (e) C versus the weights of starting gouge of quartz only sample and mixed sample-1 and the weight percentage of brass of mixed sample-1. The error value reflected the measured error of ESR intensity of 10 batches of starting gouge. Black symbols mean the values of quartz only sample and red symbols mean the values of mixed sample-1. Solid lines indicate linear approximation curves calculated by least squares method. Dashed lines indicate the weight dependency of ESR intensity based on the results in Fig. S4.

Fig. 6

The ESR intensities of (a) E1’ centre, (b) OHC, (c) peroxy centre-A, (d) B and (e) C versus the weights of starting gouge of quartz only sample and mixed sample-2 and the weight percentage of carborundum of mixed sample-2. The error bars represent the measured error of ESR intensity of 10 batches of starting gouge. Black symbols mean the values of quartz only sample and red symbols mean the values of mixed sample-2. Solid lines indicate linear approximation curves calculated by least squares method. Dashed lines indicate the weight dependency of ESR intensity based on the results in Fig. S4.
The ESR intensities of (a) E1’ centre, (b) OHC, (c) peroxy centre-A, (d) B and (e) C versus the weights of starting gouge of quartz only sample and mixed sample-2 and the weight percentage of carborundum of mixed sample-2. The error bars represent the measured error of ESR intensity of 10 batches of starting gouge. Black symbols mean the values of quartz only sample and red symbols mean the values of mixed sample-2. Solid lines indicate linear approximation curves calculated by least squares method. Dashed lines indicate the weight dependency of ESR intensity based on the results in Fig. S4.

Fig. 7

XRD spectra of sheared gouges in Measurement 1 measured with a step size of 0.020°, an aquisition time per step of 2.0 s. Red lines indicate XRD spectra of brass debris. Qz: quartz.
XRD spectra of sheared gouges in Measurement 1 measured with a step size of 0.020°, an aquisition time per step of 2.0 s. Red lines indicate XRD spectra of brass debris. Qz: quartz.

Fig. 8

Weight of brass debris versus displacement. The error bar means the difference between the maximum and minimum weights of brass. Line indicates a linear approximation curve calculated by least squares method.
Weight of brass debris versus displacement. The error bar means the difference between the maximum and minimum weights of brass. Line indicates a linear approximation curve calculated by least squares method.

Fig. 9

Scanning electron microscopic images of starting (a) and sheared gouges (c) with a displacement of 0.57 m. Compositional images of starting (b) and sheared gouges (d) with a displacement of 0.57 m. White arrows indicate brass debris.
Scanning electron microscopic images of starting (a) and sheared gouges (c) with a displacement of 0.57 m. Compositional images of starting (b) and sheared gouges (d) with a displacement of 0.57 m. White arrows indicate brass debris.

Fig. 10

The relationship between ESR intensity of E1’ centre and displacement is shown in various studies including our study. Red circles and blue squares are this study and Hataya and Tanaka (1993), respectively. On the other hand, blue open triangles and diamonds are Tanaka (1987) and Yang et al. (2019), respectively. Red solid and dot lines indicate linear approximation curves and saturation curve calculated by least squares method, respectively.
The relationship between ESR intensity of E1’ centre and displacement is shown in various studies including our study. Red circles and blue squares are this study and Hataya and Tanaka (1993), respectively. On the other hand, blue open triangles and diamonds are Tanaka (1987) and Yang et al. (2019), respectively. Red solid and dot lines indicate linear approximation curves and saturation curve calculated by least squares method, respectively.
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