[92/43/EEC. – Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May
1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of
wild fauna and flora. [WWW document]. – URL
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.
do?uri=CELEX:31992L0043:EN:HTML. [Accessed
May 10, 2010].]Search in Google Scholar
[
Adermann, V. (ed.) 2012. Eesti metsad 2010. Metsavarude
hinnang statistilisel valikmeetodil. (The Estimation
of Forest Sources by Statistical Sampling
Methodology). Keskkonnateabe Keskus. Tallinn,
157 pp. [WWW document]. – URL http://www.
keskkonnainfo.ee/failid/Eesti_metsad_2010.pdf.
[Accessed September 23, 2013]. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brūmelis, G., Jonsson, B.G., Kouki, J., Kuuluvainen, T.,
Šorohova, E. 2011. Forest naturalness in northern
Europe: perspectives on processes, structures and
species diversity. – Silva Fennica, 45(5), 807–821.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Etverk, I., Meikar, T. 2008. Era- ja põllumajandusmetsad
Eestis. (Private and plantation forests). SA
Erametsakeskus, 248 pp. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission 2006. Assessment, Monitoring
and Reporting under Article 17 of the Habitats
Directive. Explanatory Notes & Guidelines. EU,
Brussels. [WWW document]. – URL http://www.
artdata.slu.se/filer/gybs/notes_guidelines_report_
art17_final.pdf [Accessed May 10, 2010].]Search in Google Scholar
[
Götmark, F. 2013. Habitat management alternatives for
conservation forests in the temperate zone: Review,
synthesis, and implications. – Forest Ecology and
Management, 306, 292–307.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jüriado, I., Paal, J., Liira, J. 2003. Epiphytic and epixylic
lichen species diversity in Estonian natural forests.
– Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, 1587–1607.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kohv, K., Liira, J. 2005. Anthropogenic effects on vegetation
structure of the boreal forest in Estonia.
– Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 20,
122–134.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuresoo, L. (ed.) 2012. Ülevaade Eesti metsandusest
2009–2011. Estonian Fund for Nature (ELF).
[WWW document]. – URL http://issuu.com/
ivar/docs/metsaraamat/1?e=0. [Accessed August
10, 2013]. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuris, M., Ruskule, A. 2006. Favorable conservation
status of boreal forests: monitoring, assessment,
management. Baltic Environmental Forum.
Tallinn. 39 pp.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kusmin, J., Jõgiste, K. 2006. Eesti metsakasvukohatüüpide
floristilise sarnasuse hindamise erinevatest
meetoditest. (Different methods of the estimation
of floristic similarity in Estonian forest site types).
– Forestry Studies/Metsanduslikud Uurimused
44, 52–59. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Laasimer, L. 1965. Eesti NSV taimkate. (Vegetation of
the Estonian SSR). Tallinn, 397 pp. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Liira, J. 2009. Olemasolevate koosluste seiremetoodikate
hindamine ning soovitusi Natura 2000 elupaikade
seisundi seiremetoodika. Tartu Ülikooli
Kirjastus. [WWW document]. – URL http://www.
ut.ee/lkb/avalikud_failid/Liira_2009.pdf. [Accessed
May 10, 2010]. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Liira, J. 2010. Metsaelupaikade seire kameraalsete
metoodikate arendus. (Practical analysis of data
obtained from the monitoring of forest habitats).
Tartu Ülikool, 25 pp. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Liira, J., Sepp, T. 2009. Indicators of structural and
habitat natural quality in boreo-nemoral forests
along the management gradient. – Annales Botanici
Fennici, 46(4), 308–325.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Liira, J., Sepp, T., Kohv, K. 2011. The ecology of tree
regeneration in mature and old forests: combined
knowledge for sustainable forest management.
– Journal of Forest Research, 16(3), 184–193.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lõhmus, A., Kohv, K., Palo, A. and Viilma, K. 2004.
Loss of old-growth, and the minimum need for
strictly protected forests in Estonia. – Ecological
Bulletins, 51, 401–411.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lõhmus, A., Kraut, A. 2010. Stand structure of hemiboreal
old-growth forests: characteristic features,
variation among site types, and a comparison with
FSC-certified mature stands in Estonia. – Forest
Ecology and Management, 260(1), 155–166.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lõhmus, A., Lõhmus, P. 2008. First-generation forests
are not necessarily worse than long-term managed
forests for lichens and bryophytes. – Restoration
Ecology, 16(2), 231–239.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lõhmus, A., Runnel, K. 2014. Ash dieback can rapidly
eradicate isolated epiphyte populations in production
forests: a case study. – Biological Conservation,
169, 185–188.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lõhmus, E. 1984. Eesti metsakasvukohatüübid. (Estonian
forest site types). Eesti NSV Agrotööstuskoondise
Info- ja Juurutusvalitsus. Tallinn, 121 pp.
(In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mežaka, A., Brūmelis, G., Piterāns, A. 2012. Tree and
stand-scale factors affecting richness and composition
of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens in deciduous woodland key habitats. – Biodiversity
and Conservation, 22(12), 3221–3241.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mets 2011. 2013. Aastaraamat. (Yearbook). Keskkonnateabe
Keskus. Tartu, 230 pp. [WWW document].
– URL http://www.keskkonnainfo.ee/failid/aastaraamat_
METS_2011.pdf. [Accessed September
23, 2013]. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nature Conservation Act. RT I 2004, 38, 258. [WWW
document]. – URL https://www.riigiteataja.
ee/en/eli/ee/Riigikogu/act/508112013010/consolide.
[Accessed May 10, 2013].]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nilsson, S.G., Niklasson, M., Hedin, J., Aronsson,
G., Gutowski, J.M., Linder, P., Ljungberg, H.,
Mikusiński, G., Ranius, T. 2002. Densities of large
living and dead trees in old-growth temperate and
boreal forests. – Forest Ecology and Management,
161, 189–204.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Paal, J. 1997. Eesti taimkatte kasvukohatüüpide klassifikatsioon.
(Classification of Estonian vegetation
site types). Tallinn, 297 pp. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Paal, J. 2002. Estonian forest site types in terms of the
Habitat Directive. – Baltic Forestry, 8, 21–27.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Paal, J. 2007. Loodusdirektiivi elupaigatüüpide käsiraamat.
(Handbook of the Habitat Directive habitats).
Tallinn, 308 pp. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Palo, A. 2010a. Ohustatud taimekoosluste (Natura 2000
kooslused) seire: metsaelupaigad. (Endangered
plant communities (communities of Natura 2000)
monitoring). – Liiv, K., Antso, K. (eds.). Eesti keskkonnaseire
2009. Keskkonnateabe Keskus, Tallinn,
p. 78. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Palo, A. 2010b. Loodusdirektiivi metsaelupaikade
inventeerimise juhend. (Habitats Directive forest
habitat inventory guide). – Viilma, K., Paal, J.,
Türnpu, T., Maamets, L., Otsus, M., Animägi, A.
(eds.). Käsikiri. Tellija: Eesti Keskkonnaministeerium.
(Manuscript. Subscriber: Estonian Ministry
of the Environment). [WWW document]. – URL
http://www.envir.ee/1168606. [Accessed April
10, 2011]. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Palo, A., Abner, O., Kalamees, R., Ploompuu, T., Roosaluste,
E., Truus, L., Vellak, K. 2005. NATURA
2000 elupaikade seire integreerimine looduse
mitmekesisuse seire taimekoosluste seire allprogrammi.
(Natura 2000 habitat monitoring, the
integration of biodiversity monitoring to the vegetation
monitoring sub-program). – Frey, T. (ed.).
Eesti XV Ökoloogiapäev “Natura 2000 Eestis”,
22. aprill 2005, Tartu (Estonian XV Ecology Day
“Natura 2000 in Estonia”, Apr. 22, 2005, Tartu),
25–35. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Palo, A., Hoder, D. 2009. Millal saaks Alutagusest taas
põlismets ehk kas ajaloolistest kaartidest on abi
Loodusdirektiivi metsaelupaikade piiritlemisel.
(When will Alutaguse be old-growth forest again...
are historical maps usable for localizing Flora-
Fauna-Habitat directive forest habitats?). – Mander,
Ü., Uuemaa, E., Pae, T (eds.). Publicationes
Instituti Geographici Universitatis Tartuensis
(Uurimusi eestikeelse geograafia 90. aastapäeval),
108, 330–343. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Palo, A., Hoder, D., Liira. J. 2011. Re-evaluation of stand
indicators for the assessment of the representativity
status of the Natura 2000 habitat type forests.
– Estonian Journal of Ecology, 60(3), 209–224.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Palo, A., Ivask, M., Liira, J. 2013. Biodiversity composition
reflects the history of ancient semi-natural
woodland and forest habitats – Compilation of an
indicator complex for restoration practice. – Ecological
Indicators, 34, 336–344.10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.05.020]Search in Google Scholar
[
Palo, A., Liira, J., Hoder, D. 2010. Kvaliteediastmete
eristamisest loodusdirektiivi metsaelupaigatüüpides.
(Quality assessment of forest habitat types
(Annex I priority habitat types of the Council
Directive 92/43/EEC)). – XI Eesti Ökoloogiakonverents
„Elurikkus ja ökosüsteemid” 8.–9. aprill
2010, Tartu. (Estonian XI Ecology Conference
“Biodiversity and Ecosystems”, Apr. 8.–9, 2010,
Tartu). [WWW document]. – URL http://www.
lote.ut.ee/geo/okoloogiakonverents. [Accessed
April 20, 2013]. (In Estonian).]Search in Google Scholar
[
Queloz, V, Grünig, C.R., Berndt, R., Kowalski, T.,
Sieber, T.N., Holdenrieder, O. 2011. Cryptic speciation
in Hymenoscyphus albidus. – Forest Pathology,
41(2), 133–142.]Search in Google Scholar
[
R Core Team 2013. R: A language and environment for
statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical
Computing, Vienna, Austria. [WWW document].
– URL http://www.R-project.org/. [Accessed
December 24, 2013].]Search in Google Scholar
[
Remm, L., Lõhmus, P., Leis, M., Lõhmus, A. 2013.
Long-term impacts of forest ditching on nonaquatic
biodiversity: conservation perspectives for
a novel ecosystem. – PLoS ONE, 8(4), e63086.]Search in Google Scholar
[
RTL 2007, 2, 16. Rules of Forest Management. [WWW
document]. – URL https://www.riigiteataja.ee/
akt/12771900. [Accessed Juny 29, 2013].]Search in Google Scholar
[
Šorohova, E., Kuuluvainen, T., Kangur, A., Jõgiste,
K. 2009. Natural stand structures, disturbance regimes
and successional dynamics in the Eurasian
boreal forests: a review with special reference to
Russian studies. – Annals of Forest Science, 66(2),
1–20.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Simard, M., Lecomte, N., Bergeron, Y., Pare, D., Bernier
P.Y. 2007. Forest productivity decline caused by
successional paludification of boreal soils. – Ecological
Applications, 16(7), 1619–1637.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sustainability of State Forest Management 2010. Report
of the National Audit Office to the Riigikogu.
[WWW document]. – URL http://www.riigikontroll.
ee/tabid/206/Audit/2152/Area/15/language/en-
US/Default.aspx [Accessed Juny 29, 2013].]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tyrrell, L.E., Crow, T.R. 1994. Structural Characteristics
of Old-Growth Hemlock-Hardwood Forests in
Relation to Age. – Ecology, 75(2), 370–386.]Search in Google Scholar
[
Winter, S. 2012. Forest naturalness assessment as a
component of biodiversity monitoring and conservation
management. – Forestry, 85(2), 293–304.]Search in Google Scholar
