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Development and psychometric evaluation of the Ethical Behavior for Thai Nurses Scale

Pisamai Orathai
Pisamai Orathai
, 
Wonnapha Prapaipanich
Wonnapha Prapaipanich
, 
Manee Arpanantikul
Manee Arpanantikul
 und 
Supanee Senadisai
Supanee Senadisai
   | 09. Okt. 2022
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Article Category: Original Article
Online veröffentlicht: 09. Okt. 2022
Seitenbereich: 275 - 284
Eingereicht: 03. Feb. 2022
Akzeptiert: 18. März 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2022-0034
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© 2022 Pisamai Orathai et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Hypothesized model.
Hypothesized model.

Results of the second-order CFA on EBE and 5 sub-constructs.

Sub-constructs Construct: Ethical behavior
B b S.E. (b) t R2
1. PFN 0.86 0.86 0.04 20.46** 0.74
2. PAN 0.96 0.96 0.04 24.13** 0.96
3. TPC 0.91 0.91 0.04 21.18** 0.82
4. TCB 0.88 0.88 0.03 26.12** 0.76
5. PHR 0.81 0.81 0.04 21.75** 0.65

Effect sizes of 5 sub-constructs, AVE, and the CR of EBE.

Construct Sub-constructs Effect sizes AVE CR
Ethical behavior 1. PFN 0.86
2. PAN 0.96
3. TPC 0.91 0.97 0.98
4. TCB 0.88
5. PHR 0.81

Factor loadings of measurement items for each sub-construct, AVE, and the CR of 5 sub-constructs.

Sub-constructs/measurement items Factor loadings AVE CR
1. PFN 0.79 0.88
(1) To live in a society with justice 0.67
(2) Respect the law of the country 0.72
(3) Profession with good intentions 0.81
(4) Profession without discrimination 0.76
(5) Do not behave or do anything that may cause the reputation of the profession 0.79
(6) Profession without asking any compensation other than the normal service charge 0.66
2. PAN 0.89 0.94
(7) Provide nursing practice according to professional standards 0.70
(8) Provide nursing care with regard to patient/client safety 0.69
(9) Provide nursing care with regard to patient/client saving 0.58
(10) Provide nursing care using empirical evidence 0.66
(11) Do not give false opinions on any subject with regard to nursing practice and midwifery 0.63
(12) Allow clients to make their own decisions without compulsion when they were explained about the treatments 0.76
(13) Provide nursing practice with the consent of the clients 0.76
(14) Decide on providing nursing care for patients/clients based on the severity of symptoms under appropriate discretion 0.79
(15) Tell the truth to patients/clients and their relatives with regard to suitability 0.79
(16) Accept mistakes when providing a missed nursing practice 0.83
(17) Provide nursing care based on patient/client needs 0.73
(18) Care for the patients/clients 0.77
(19) Provide nursing practice with regard to patient/client privacy 0.75
3. TPC 0.81 0.89
(20) Do not motivate or persuade anyone to use the nursing service or midwifery for their own benefit 0.66
(21) Treat patients or clients politely without coercion 0.70
(22) Do not deceive patients or clients to mislead interests for their own benefit 0.71
(23) Do not disclose the confidentiality of the patients/clients to the unrelated person unless the patient's consent is granted or to follow the law or responsibility 0.74
(24) Do not reject to help those who are in danger from illness when requested and in a role to help 0.76
(25) Do not engage in public ways or places unless in an emergency case of first aid 0.77
(26) Do not practice/support the illegal PAN and midwifery, practice of medicine, or public health or arts 0.77
4. TCB 0.91 0.93
(27) Honor and respect for dignity among nurses 0.80
(28) Do not accuse or bully among nurses 0.84
(29) Do not persuade patients/clients of other nurses to be their own 0.77
(30) To honor and respect the dignity of colleagues in the health care team out of the nursing profession 0.87
(31) Do not accuse or bully among colleagues in the health care team out of the nursing profession 0.89
(32) Provide collaboration among professionals in the health care team for the benefit of patients/clients 0.83
5. PHR 0.87 0.91
(33) The consent of the research participants must be required when conducting a human subjects research 0.73
(34) Ready to protect the research participants from harm that might be caused by the research 0.83
(35) Treat the research participants as same as the patients/clients 0.87
(36) Responsible for harm or damage that caused by the research to the research participants 0.83
(37) Follow the ethical guidelines of human subjects research and experiment and code of conduct for researchers 0.84

Convergent validity and discriminant validity.

Sub-constructs PFN PAN TPC TCB PHR
PFN (0.79)
PAN 0.67 (0.89)
TPC 0.61 0.76 (0.81)
TCB 0.56 0.71 0.64 (0.91)
PHR 0.48 0.59 0.53 0.50 (0.87)

Parameter estimates of 5 sub-constructs and their measurement items.

Sub-constructs/measurement items Parameter estimates
B b S.E. (b) t R2
1. PFN
(1) To live in a society with justice 0.67 0.39 < – -> < – -> 0.44
(2) Respect the law of the country 0.72 0.39 0.02 24.28** 0.52
(3) Profession with good intentions 0.81 0.41 0.02 21.96** 0.66
(4) Profession without discrimination 0.76 0.39 0.02 20.86** 0.58
(5) Do not behave or do anything that may cause the reputation of the profession 0.79 0.41 0.02 21.97** 0.62
(6) Profession without asking any compensation other than the normal service charge 0.66 0.41 0.02 18.40** 0.43
2. PAN
(7) Provide nursing practice according to professional standards 0.70 0.35 < – -> < – -> 0.49
(8) Provide nursing care with regard to patient/client safety 0.69 0.30 0.01 20.83** 0.47
(9) Provide nursing care with regard to patient/client saving 0.58 0.36 0.02 17.65** 0.34
(10) Provide nursing care using empirical evidence 0.66 0.39 0.02 19.96** 0.43
(11) Do not give false opinions on any subject with regard to nursing practice and midwifery 0.63 0.35 0.02 19.21** 0.40
(12) Allow clients to make their own decisions without compulsion when they were explained about the treatments 0.76 0.40 0.02 23.12** 0.58
(13) Provide nursing practice with the consent of the clients 0.76 0.38 0.02 23.11** 0.58
(14) Decide on providing nursing care for patients/clients based on the severity of symptoms under appropriate discretion 0.79 0.38 0.02 24.04** 0.63
(15) Tell the truth to patients/clients and their relatives with regard to suitability 0.79 0.41 0.02 23.81** 0.62
(16) Accept mistakes when providing a missed nursing practice 0.83 0.42 0.02 25.04** 0.68
(17) Provide nursing care based on patient/client needs 0.73 0.43 0.02 22.30** 0.54
(18) Care for the patients/clients 0.77 0.37 0.02 22.23** 0.59
(19) Provide nursing practice with regard to patient/client privacy 0.75 0.39 0.02 22.78** 0.56
3. TPC
(20) Do not motivate or persuade anyone to use the nursing service or midwifery for their own benefit 0.66 0.40 < – -> < – -> 0.43
(21) Treat patients or clients politely without coercion 0.70 0.39 0.02 19.49** 0.49
(22) Do not deceive patients or clients to mislead interests for their own benefit 0.71 0.37 0.01 26.03** 0.50
(23) Do not disclose the confidentiality of the patients/clients to the unrelated person unless the patient's consent is granted or to follow the law or responsibility 0.74 0.35 0.02 20.42** 0.55
(24) Do not reject to help those who are in danger from illness when requested and in a role to help 0.76 0.38 0.02 20.90** 0.58
(25) Do not engage in public ways or places unless in an emergency case of first aid 0.77 0.45 0.02 21.31** 0.60
(26) Do not practice/support the illegal PAN and midwifery, practice of medicine, or public health or arts 0.77 0.36 0.02 21.05** 0.59
4. TCB
(27) Honor and respect for dignity among nurses 0.80 0.40 < – -> < – -> 0.65
(28) Do not accuse or bully among nurses 0.84 0.44 0.01 33.46** 0.70
(29) Do not persuade patients/clients of other nurses to be their own 0.77 0.44 0.02 27.50** 0.60
(30) To honor and respect the dignity of colleagues in the health care team out of the nursing profession 0.87 0.45 0.01 33.00** 0.76
(31) Do not accuse or bully among colleagues in the health care team out of the nursing profession 0.89 0.47 0.02 29.26** 0.79
(32) Provide collaboration among professionals in the health care team for the benefit of patients/clients 0.83 0.41 0.01 29.80** 0.68
5. PHR
(33) The consent of the research participants must be required when conducting a human subjects research 0.73 0.35 < – -> < – -> 0.54
(34) Ready to protect the research participants from harm that might be caused by the research 0.83 0.47 0.02 25.75** 0.69
(35) Treat the research participants as same as the patients/clients 0.87 0.47 0.02 27.24** 0.76
(36) Responsible for harm or damage that caused by the research to the research participants 0.83 0.52 0.02 25.86** 0.68
(37) Follow the ethical guidelines of human subjects research and experiment and code of conduct for researchers 0.84 0.49 0.02 26.21** 0.70
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