[
An, J.Y., Park, B.B., Chun, J.H., Osawa, A., 2017. Litter-fall production and fine root dynamics in cool-temperate forests. PLoS One, 12: e0180126. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180126.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Badalamenti, E., Battipaglia, G., Gristina, L., Novara, A., Rühl, J., Sala, G., Sapienza, L., Valentini, R., Mantia, T.L., 2019. Carbon stock increases up to old growth forest along a secondary succession in Mediterranean island ecosystems. PLoS ONE, 14: e0220194. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220194.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Baek, G., Kim, C., 2020. Soil CO2 efflux dynamics in response to fertilization in Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis stands. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science, 109: 271–280. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2020.109.3.271. (In Korean with English abstract).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Berg, B., Laskowski, R., 2006. Litter decomposition: aguide to carbon and nutrient turnover. Advances in Ecological Research, 38: 20–71 p.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Domke, G.M., Perry, C.H., Walters, B.F., Woodall, C.W., Russell, M.B., Smith, J.E., 2016. Estimating litter carbon stocks on forest land in the United States. Science of the Total Environment, 557-558: 469–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.090.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Egusa, T., Kumagai, T., Shiraishi, N., 2020. Carbon stock in Japanese forests has been greatly underestimated. Scientific Reports, 10: 7895. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64851-2.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gao, Y., Cheng, J., Ma, Z., Zhao, Y., Su, J., 2014. Carbon storage in biomass, litter, and soil of different plantations in a semiarid temperate region of Northwest China. Annals of Forest Science, 71: 427–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-013-0355-z.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jandl, R., Lindner, M., Vesterdal, L., Bauwens, B., Baritz, R., Hagedorn, F., Johnson, D.W., Minkkinen, K., Byrne, K.A., 2007. How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration? Geoderma, 137: 253–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.09.003.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kim, C., 2019. Carbon and nitrogen distribution of tree components in Larix kaempferi Carriere and Quercus variabilis Blume stands in Gyeongnam Province. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science, 108: 139–146. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2019.108.2.139.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kim, C., Baek, G., Choi, B., HA, J., Bae, E.J., Lee, K.S., Son, Y.M., 2020. Carbon stocks of tree, forest floor, and mineral soil in Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa stands. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science, 109: 169–178. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2020.109.2.169. (In Korean with English abstract).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kim, C., Jeong, J., Kim, R.H., Son, Y.M., Lee, K.H., kim, J.S., Park, I.H., 2011. Allometric equations and bio-mass expansion factors of Japanese red pine on the local level. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 7: 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-010-0131-2.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kim, C., Yoo, B.O., Jung, S.Y., Lee, K.S., 2017. Allometric equations to assess biomass, carbon and nitrogen content of black pine and red pine trees in Southern Korea. iForest – Biogeosciences and Forestry, 10: 483–490. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2164-010.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kim, M., Kraxner, F., Son, Y., Jeon, S.W., Shvidenko, A., Schepaschenko, D., Ham, B.Y., Lim, C.H., Song, C., Hong, M., Lee, W.K., 2019. Quantifying impacts of national-scale afforestation on carbon budgets in South Korea from 1961 to 2014. Forests, 10: 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10070579.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Korea Meterological Administration, 2019. Climatological normal of Korea. Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul. [online]. [cit. 2021-11-20]. https://kma.go.kr/down/Climatological_2010.pdf.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Krishna, M.P., Mohan, M., 2017. Litter decomposition in forest ecosystems: a review. Energy, Ecology and Environment, 2: 236–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-017-0064-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lavadinović, V., Miletić, Z., Lavadinović, V., 2015. Variability of nitrogen and carbon contents in the needles of Canadian Douglas-fir provenances on two soil types in Serbia. Baltic Forestry, 21: 272–278. ISSN 2029-9230.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lee, S., Lee, S., Shin, J., Yim, J., Kang, J., 2020. Assessing the carbon storage of soil and litter from national forest inventory data in South Korea. Forests, 11: 1318. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11121318.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lee, S.J., Yim, J.S., Son, Y.M., Son, Y., Kim, R., 2018. Estimation of forest carbon stocks for national greenhouse gas inventory reporting in South Korea. Forests, 9: 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9100625.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Liu, C.J., Westman, C.J., Ilvesniemi, H., 2001. Matter and nutrient dynamics of pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) and oak (Quercus variabilis) litter in North China. Silva Fennica, 35: 3–13. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.599.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lukina, N., Kuznetsova, A., Tikhonova, E., Smirnov, V., Danilova, M., Gornov, A., Bakhmet, O., Kryshen, A., Tebenkova, D., Shashkov, M., Knyazeva, S., 2020. Linking forest vegetation and soil carbon stock in Northwestern Russia. Forests, 11: 979. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11090979.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Noh, N.J., Kim, C., Bae, S.W., Lee, W.K., Yoon, T.K., Muraoka, H., Son, Y., 2013. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Pinus densiflora forest with low and high stand densities. Journal of Plant Ecology, 6: 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtt007.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Olson, J.S., 1963. Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology, 44: 322–331. https://doi.org/10.2307/1932179.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Park, B.B., Rahman, A., Han, S.H., Youn, W.B., Hyun, H.J., Hernandez, J., An, J.Y., 2020. Carbon and nutrient inputs by litterfall in evergreen and deciduous forests in Korea. Forests, 11: 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11020143.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Park, S.W., Baek, G., Kim, S., Yang, A.R., Kim, C., 2019. Carbon and nitrogen responses of litterfall components by NPK and PK fertilizers in a red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stand. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science, 108: 21–28. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2019.108.1.21.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pragasan, L.A., 2022. Tree carbon stock and its relationship to key factors from a tropical hill forest of Tamil Nadu, India. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, 6: 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2020.1742510.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pugh, T.A.M., Lindeskog, M., Smith, B., Poulter, B., Arneth, A., Haverd, V., Calle, L., 2019. Role of forest regrowth in global carbon sink dynamics. PNAS, 116: 4382–4387. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810512116.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sas Institute Inc., 2003. SAS/STAT Statistical Software. Version 9.1. Cary, NC. USA: SAS publishing.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang, S., Zhuang, Q., Yang, Z., Yu, N., Jin, X., 2019. Temporal and spatial changes of soil organic carbon stocks in the forest area of Northeastern China. Forests, 10: 1023. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10111023.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wei, Y., Li, M., Chen, H., Lewis, B.J., Yu, D., Zhou, L., Zhou, W., Fang, X., Zhao, W., Dai, L., 2013. Variation in carbon storage and its distribution by stand age and forest type in boreal and temperate forests in Northeastern China. PLoS ONE, 8: e72201. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072201.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Won, H.Y., Namgung, J., Pyo, J.H., Mun, H.T., 2011. Litter production and nutrient input via litterfall in Quercus variabilis forest at Mt. Worak National Park. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology, 25: 573–580. (In Korean with English abstract).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yang, B., Zhang, W., Lu, Y., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., 2019. Carbon storage dynamics of secondary forest succession in the Central Loess Plateau of China. Forests, 10: 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10040342.
]Search in Google Scholar