<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The purpose of the study is to identify the level of public spending on education in the Visegrad Group countries in 2011–2021. The source material was data from the European Statistical Office for Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary, collected in accordance with the International Classification of Government Functions (COFOG) based on the European System of National Accounts. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in the above-mentioned countries, in the perspective of 10 years, Poland was the country that allocated the most funds to education, which also translated into the average share of government and local government expenditure in percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2011–2021. In the countries of the Visegrad Group, an increase in the level of public spending on education, expressed in million euros, was recorded. In relation to GDP in 2011 and 2021, a downward trend was observed only in Poland (by 0.6 p.p.). Poland is one of the few European Union countries where there was a significant reduction in spending on education. This is an unfavorable phenomenon, as investments in human capital testify to the competitiveness of the state.</p>
</abstract>

The purpose of the study is to identify the level of public spending on education in the Visegrad Group countries in 2011–2021. The source material was data from the European Statistical Office for Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary, collected in accordance with the International Classification of Government Functions (COFOG) based on the European System of National Accounts. As a result of the analysis, it was found that in the above-mentioned countries, in the perspective of 10 years, Poland was the country that allocated the most funds to education, which also translated into the average share of government and local government expenditure in percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2011–2021. In the countries of the Visegrad Group, an increase in the level of public spending on education, expressed in million euros, was recorded. In relation to GDP in 2011 and 2021, a downward trend was observed only in Poland (by 0.6 p.p.). Poland is one of the few European Union countries where there was a significant reduction in spending on education. This is an unfavorable phenomenon, as investments in human capital testify to the competitiveness of the state.

Public Funding of Education in the Visegrad Group Countries in 2011–2021

Foundations of Management

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Public Funding of Education in the Visegrad Group Countries in 2011\u20132021"}

The purpose of the study is to identify the level of public spending on education in the Visegrad Group countries in 2011–2021. The source material was data...

Specification	Average spending as a percentage of GDP	Variance	Standard deviation	Coefficient of variation	Skewness
The Czech Republic	4.56	0.14	0.37	8.16	−0.12
Slovakia	4.11	0.03	0.18	4.41	0.21
Hungary	4.95	0.04	0.19	3.88	−0.18
Poland	5.16	0.05	0.22	4.27	0.22

Public Funding of Education in the Visegrad Group Countries in 2011–2021

Online veröffentlicht: 29. Dez. 2023

Seitenbereich: 225 - 238

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fman-2023-0016

Schlüsselwörter
education, public funding, human capital, Visegrad Group, expenses, competitiveness

© 2023 Justyna Karwowska, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Statistical measures for public spending on education as a percentage of GDP in the Visegrad countries from 2011 to 2021

Public Funding of Education in the Visegrad Group Countries in 2011–2021

Online veröffentlicht: 29. Dez. 2023

Seitenbereich: 225 - 238

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fman-2023-0016

Schlüsselwörtereducation, public funding, human capital, Visegrad Group, expenses, competitiveness

© 2023 Justyna Karwowska, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Statistical measures for public spending on education as a percentage of GDP in the Visegrad countries from 2011 to 2021

Schlüsselwörter
education, public funding, human capital, Visegrad Group, expenses, competitiveness