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Enhancing essential oil production in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate and its relationship to spectral indices

Jutiporn Thussagunpanit

Jutiporn Thussagunpanit

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Thussagunpanit, Jutiporn
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Nittaya Chookoh

Nittaya Chookoh

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Chookoh, Nittaya
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Wariya Donsri

Wariya Donsri

Phetchabun Research Station, Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart UniversityPhetchabun, Thailand
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Donsri, Wariya
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Teerapat Tepkaew

Teerapat Tepkaew

Department of Agricultural Management, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Management and Technology, Kasetsart UniversitySuphanburi, Thailand
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Tepkaew, Teerapat
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Amonrat Mayong

Amonrat Mayong

Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Mayong, Amonrat
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Patchareeya Boonkorkaew

Patchareeya Boonkorkaew

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Boonkorkaew, Patchareeya
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Tanee Sreewongchai

Tanee Sreewongchai

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Sreewongchai, Tanee
  
11. März 2025
Enhancing essential oil production in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate and its relationship to spectral indices's Cover Image
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Artikel-Kategorie: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Online veröffentlicht: 11. März 2025
Seitenbereich: 581 - 594
Eingereicht: 07. Nov. 2024
Akzeptiert: 31. Jan. 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0038
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© 2024 Jutiporn Thussagunpanit et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Growth of rosemary after treating with SA or MeJA: (A) stem height, (B) canopy width, and (C) number of branches · plant−1. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Growth of rosemary after treating with SA or MeJA: (A) stem height, (B) canopy width, and (C) number of branches · plant−1. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure 2.

Photosynthetic pigments of rosemary after treating with SA or MeJA: (A) total chlorophyll (total chl), (B) chlorophyll a (chl a), (C) chlorophyll b (chl b), (D) chl a/chl b, and (E) carotenoid content. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Photosynthetic pigments of rosemary after treating with SA or MeJA: (A) total chlorophyll (total chl), (B) chlorophyll a (chl a), (C) chlorophyll b (chl b), (D) chl a/chl b, and (E) carotenoid content. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure 3.

Different spectral indices of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA: (A) NDVI, (B) NDRE, (C) SRPI, (D) NPCI, (E) Ctr1, and (F) SIPI. According to Tukey’s HSD test, all data had non-significant differences at p < 0.05. Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. Ctr1, Carter index 1; HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; NDRE, normalised difference red edge index; NDVI, normalised difference vegetation index; NPCI, normalised pigment chlorophyll index; SA, salicylic acid; SIPI, structure-insensitive pigment index; SRPI, simple ratio pigment index.
Different spectral indices of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA: (A) NDVI, (B) NDRE, (C) SRPI, (D) NPCI, (E) Ctr1, and (F) SIPI. According to Tukey’s HSD test, all data had non-significant differences at p < 0.05. Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. Ctr1, Carter index 1; HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; NDRE, normalised difference red edge index; NDVI, normalised difference vegetation index; NPCI, normalised pigment chlorophyll index; SA, salicylic acid; SIPI, structure-insensitive pigment index; SRPI, simple ratio pigment index.

Figure 4.

Spectral indices related to reflectance between 400 nm and 500 nm of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA: (A) R400, (B) R425, (C) R450, (D) R475, and (E) R500. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Spectral indices related to reflectance between 400 nm and 500 nm of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA: (A) R400, (B) R425, (C) R450, (D) R475, and (E) R500. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure 5.

Essential oil content of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Essential oil content of rosemary treated with SA or MeJA. Bars sharing the same letter indicated no significant difference (Tukey’s HSD test, p < 0.05). Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure 6.

Heatmap of Pearson’s correlation coefficients for growth, photosynthetic pigments, spectral indices, and essential oil content in rosemary treated with SA or MeJA. Red and blue colour gradients represent positive and negative correlations, respectively. MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Heatmap of Pearson’s correlation coefficients for growth, photosynthetic pigments, spectral indices, and essential oil content in rosemary treated with SA or MeJA. Red and blue colour gradients represent positive and negative correlations, respectively. MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure 7.

The summary effects of 1 mM SA and 0.01 mM MeJA on growth and essential oil production in rosemary. The R425 and R450 indices showed a high correlation to rosemary essential oil. MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
The summary effects of 1 mM SA and 0.01 mM MeJA on growth and essential oil production in rosemary. The R425 and R450 indices showed a high correlation to rosemary essential oil. MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Figure S1.

Growth of rosemary before treating with SA or MeJA: (A) stem height, (B) canopy width, and (C) number of branches · plant−1. According to Tukey’s HSD test, all data had non-significant differences at p < 0.05. Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.
Growth of rosemary before treating with SA or MeJA: (A) stem height, (B) canopy width, and (C) number of branches · plant−1. According to Tukey’s HSD test, all data had non-significant differences at p < 0.05. Vertical error bars show ± standard deviation. HSD, honestly significant difference; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; SA, salicylic acid.

Spectral indices used in this study_

Abbreviation Spectral index Formula Ref.
NDVI Normalised difference vegetable index NDVI = (RNIR—RRed)/(RNIR + RRed) Rouse et al. (1974)
NDRE Normalised difference red-edge index NDRE = (R790—R720)/(R790 + R720) Barnes et al. (2000)
SRPI Simple ratio pigment index SRPI = R430/R680 Peñuelas et al. (1995)
NPCI Normalised pigment chlorophyll index NPCI = (R680—R430)/(R680 + R430) Peñuelas et al. (1994)
Ctr1 Carter index 1 Ctr1 = R695/R420 Carter (1994)
SIPI Structure-intensive pigment index SIPI = (R790—R450)/(R790 + R650) Peñuelas et al. (1995)
R400 – R400 = 1/R400—1/R600 This study
R425 – R425 = 1/R425—1/R600 This study
R450 – R450 = 1/R450—1/R600 This study
R475 – R475 = 1/R475—1/R600 This study
R500 – R500 = 1/R500—1/R600 This study
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