Evaluating the effect of supplementary lighting on the growth and physiological activity of roses during winter by plant-induced electrical signal

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Supplementary Figure 1.

Factor loadings and variance explained by the first three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3)_

	PC1	PC2	PC3
PIES	–0.250	0.190	–0.322
Height	0.915	0.055	–0.221
Stem diameter	0.802	0.152	–0.142
Number of leaves	0.786	–0.300	–0.254
Leaves length	0.525	0.625	0.323
Leaves width	0.685	0.498	0.270
Flower diameter	0.604	–0.195	0.368
Flower length	0.628	–0.155	0.354
Number of petals	–0.502	–0.233	0.617
Chlorophyll content	0.566	–0.502	–0.196
Fv/Fm	–0.259	0.677	–0.215
Eigenvalue	4.305	1.618	1.140
Variability (%)	39.135	14.706	10.366
Cumulative (%)	39.135	53.840	64.206

Percentage of light spectrum of HPS and MH lights for roses_

Light properties	HPS (%)	MH (%)
PFD	100	100
Blue (400–500 nm)	16	19
Green (500–600 nm)	34	29
Red (600–700 nm)	36	29
FR (700–780 nm)	14	23

Nutrient content analysis of rose rhizosphere media cultivated under different supplementary lights_

Supplementary light	Ca (mg · L−1)	K (mg · L−1)	Mg (mg · L−1)	P (mg · L−1)	S (mg · L−1)	NH4+-N (mg · L−1)	NO3− -N (mg · L−1)
MH	192 ± 23.0 a	138 ± 10.5 a	60.1 ± 9.23 a	52.3 ± 4.9 a	65.0 ± 15.0 a	528 ± 141 a	168 ± 60.3 b
MH + HPS	204 ± 34.2 a	139 ± 21.0 a	68.0 ± 16.9 a	48.6 ± 5.4 a	71.8 ± 22.7 a	249 ± 116 b	236 ± 54.7 a
HPS	224 ± 83.3 a	158 ± 70.2 a	77.3 ± 44.0 a	53.5 ± 8.3 a	84.1 ± 57.2 a	112 ± 41.6 b	182 ± 24.3 ab

Effect of different supplementary lights on growth parameters, chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm content of the rose plants_

Supplementary lights	Height (mm)	Stem diameter (mm)	Number of leaves	Leaf length (mm)	Leaf width (mm)	Flower diameter (mm)	Flower length (mm)	Number of petals	Chlorophyll content (SPAD)	Fv/Fm
MH	72.0 ± 6.7 a	5.4 ± 0.5 b	8.3 ± 0.8 b	13.4 ± 0.8 a	13.2 ± 0.9 a	4.7 ± 0.3 b	5.1 ± 0.2 a	46.5 ± 4.4 a	37.9 ± 2.7 a	0.8 ± 0.0 a
MH ± HPS	82.5 ± 11.8 a	7.3 ± 1.9 a	10.5 ± 0.7 a	13.6 ± 0.9 a	13.5 ± 0.9 a	5.1 ± 0.4 a	5.1 ± 0.4 a	46.8 ± 3.5 a	40.8 ± 3.7 a	0.8 ± 0.1 a
HPS	73.7 ± 11.2 a	5.8 ± 1.1 b	9.6 ± 1.9 a	13.4 ± 0.9 a	13.3 ± 1.0 a	5.0 ± 0.4ab	5.1 ± 0.5 a	47 ± 4.6 a	38.6 ± 2.6 a	0.8 ± 0.0 a