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Influence of irrigation and nutrition under ultra-high density planting of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. 'Alphonso'

M. Anand

M. Anand

Department – Horticulture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
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Anand, M.
, 
K. Kayalvizhi

K. Kayalvizhi

Department – Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture, AEC&RI, TNAUCoimbatore, India
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Kayalvizhi, K.
, 
A. Sankari

A. Sankari

Department – Horticulture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
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Sankari, A.
, 
K. Karthi

K. Karthi

Department – Horticulture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
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Karthi, K.
, 
M. Velmurugan

M. Velmurugan

Department – Horticulture Tapioca and Castor Research Station, YethapurSalem, India
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Velmurugan, M.
, 
M. K. Prabhadharshini

M. K. Prabhadharshini

Department – Horticulture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
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Prabhadharshini, M. K.
, 
S. Nanthakumar

S. Nanthakumar

Department – Horticulture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
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Nanthakumar, S.
 und 
L. Pugalendhi

L. Pugalendhi

Department – Horticulture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
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Pugalendhi, L.
  
08. Apr. 2025
Influence of irrigation and nutrition under ultra-high density planting of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. 'Alphonso''s Cover Image
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Artikel-Kategorie: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Online veröffentlicht: 08. Apr. 2025
Seitenbereich: 491 - 502
Eingereicht: 03. Mai 2024
Akzeptiert: 18. Nov. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0032
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© 2024 M. Anand et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Field view under UHDP. UHDP, ultra-high density planting.
Field view under UHDP. UHDP, ultra-high density planting.

Figure 2.

View of fertigation equipment. (A) Main line. (B) Sub-line showing different fertigation levels. (C) Water-soluble fertilisers used for fertigation. (D) Fertigation on run. (E) On-line emitters. (F) Drippers in use discharging water.
View of fertigation equipment. (A) Main line. (B) Sub-line showing different fertigation levels. (C) Water-soluble fertilisers used for fertigation. (D) Fertigation on run. (E) On-line emitters. (F) Drippers in use discharging water.

Figure 3.

Effect of different irrigation regimes and fertigation levels on flowering, fruiting in tree and fruits.
Effect of different irrigation regimes and fertigation levels on flowering, fruiting in tree and fruits.

Figure 4.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation on onset flowering in mango.
Influence of irrigation and fertigation on onset flowering in mango.

Figure 5.

Full bloom date in mango.
Full bloom date in mango.

Figure 6.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on the number of fruits per tree.
Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on the number of fruits per tree.

Figure 7.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on total fruit weight (g).
Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on total fruit weight (g).

Figure 8.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on length of the fruit.
Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on length of the fruit.

Figure 9.

Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on fruit yield (kg).
Influence of irrigation and fertigation levels on fruit yield (kg).

Figure 9A.

Main-plot fruit yield.
Main-plot fruit yield.

Figure 9B.

Sub-plot fruit yield.
Sub-plot fruit yield.

Influence of irrigation regimes and fertigation levels on the percentage of fruit set and number of panicles per m2 canopy area_

IF Percentage of fruit set Number of panicles/m2
I1 I2 I3 Mean I1 I2 I3 Mean
F1 0.27 0.39 0.37 0.34 8.70 12.83 10.77 10.77
F2 0.29 0.42 0.40 0.37 9.50 13.30 12.50 11.77
F3 0.32 0.45 0.43 0.40 11.83 15.77 15.63 14.41
F4 0.36 0.46 0.44 0.42 12.78 16.13 15.83 14.92
Mean 0.31 0.43 0.41 10.70 14.51 13.68
I F I × F I F I × F
SEd 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.224 0.427 0.679
CD (0.05) 0.011 0.008 0.016 0.623 0.898 NS

Influence of irrigation regimes and fertigation on tree spread in east-west direction (m) at different stages_

IF Vegetative stage Flowering stage Harvesting stage
I1 I2 I3 Mean I1 I2 I3 Mean I1 I2 I3 Mean
F1 1.70 1.85 1.81 1.78 1.85 2.00 1.98 1.94 2.03 2.15 2.13 2.10
F2 1.78 1.91 1.92 1.87 1.94 2.14 2.11 2.06 2.11 2.27 2.28 2.22
F3 1.79 1.99 1.97 1.92 1.98 2.19 2.21 2.13 2.18 2.49 2.48 2.38
F4 1.84 2.10 2.03 1.99 2.09 2.33 2.34 2.25 2.25 2.65 2.60 2.50
Mean 1.78 1.96 1.93 1.97 2.17 2.16 2.14 2.39 2.37
I F I × F I F I × F I F I × F
SEd 0.10 0.07 0.15 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.08
CD (0.05) NS NS NS 0.07 0.08 NS 0.07 0.11 NS

Treatments used in the experiment_

S. No. Treatment details
1 75% Pan evaporation + 50% of RDF through fertigation (I1F1)
2 75% Pan evaporation + 75% of RDF through fertigation (I1F2)
3 75% Pan evaporation + 100% of RDF through fertigation (I1F3)
4 75% Pan evaporation + 125% of RDF through fertigation (I1F4)
5 100% Pan evaporation + 50% of RDF through fertigation (I2F1)
6 100% Pan evaporation + 75% of RDF through fertigation (I2F2)
7 100% Pan evaporation + 100% of RDF through fertigation (I2F3)
8 100% Pan evaporation + 125% of RDF through fertigation (I2F4)
9 125% Pan evaporation + 50% of RDF through fertigation (I3F1)
10 125% Pan evaporation + 75% of RDF through fertigation (I3F2)
11 125% Pan evaporation + 100% of RDF through fertigation (I3F3)
12 125% Pan evaporation + 125% of RDF through fertigation (I3F4)

Stages of fertiliser application_

Nutrient Stages of fertiliser application
Immediately after pruning (July–Aug–Sep) (%) Pre-flowering (Oct–Nov–Dec) (%) Reproductive stage (Jan–Feb–Mar) (%) Fruit improvement (Apr–May) (%) Total percentage (%)
Nitrogen 25 40 20 15 100
Phosphorus 40 30 20 10 100
Potash 25 20 25 30 100

Influence of irrigation and fertigation on trunk girth (cm) at different stages of mango tree_

IF Vegetative stage Flowering stage Harvesting stage
I1 I2 I3 Mean I1 I2 I3 Mean I1 I2 I3 Mean
F1 22.57 24.79 23.92 23.76 23.38 25.56 24.73 24.56 24.33 26.42 25.59 25.45
F2 24.09 25.68 24.49 24.75 24.77 26.39 25.24 25.47 25.68 27.31 25.96 26.32
F3 24.68 25.88 24.96 25.17 25.51 26.79 25.85 26.05 26.47 27.88 26.93 27.09
F4 25.10 26.12 25.87 25.70 25.97 26.97 26.73 26.56 26.92 28.11 27.86 27.63
Mean 24.11 25.62 24.81 24.91 26.43 25.64 25.85 27.43 26.59
I F I × F I F I × F I F I × F
SEd 0.34 0.31 0.57 0.35 0.32 0.59 0.37 0.33 0.62
CD (0.05) 0.95 0.65 NS 0.98 0.67 NS 1.02 0.69 NS

Influence of irrigation regimes and fertigation on tree height (m) at different stages_

IF Vegetative stage Flowering stage Harvesting stage
I1 I2 I3 Mean I1 I2 I3 Mean I1 I2 I3 Mean
F1 2.19 2.29 2.24 2.24 2.28 2.37 2.29 2.31 2.40 2.46 2.41 2.42
F2 2.23 2.32 2.28 2.28 2.31 2.41 2.32 2.35 2.43 2.52 2.46 2.47
F3 2.26 2.37 2.34 2.32 2.34 2.48 2.46 2.43 2.45 2.61 2.59 2.55
F4 2.30 2.42 2.40 2.37 2.40 2.55 2.53 2.49 2.49 2.68 2.65 2.61
Mean 2.25 2.35 2.32 2.33 2.46 2.40 2.44 2.57 2.53
I F I × F I F I × F I F I × F
SEd 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02
CD (0.05) NS 0.03 NS 0.04 0.04 NS 0.03 0.03 0.05

Influence of irrigation and fertigation on tree spread in north-south direction (m) at different stages of mango_

IF Vegetative stage Flowering stage Harvesting stage
I1 I2 I3 Mean I1 I2 I3 Mean I1 I2 I3 Mean
F1 1.69 1.82 1.97 1.83 1.88 2.00 2.10 1.99 1.95 2.09 2.17 2.07
F2 1.72 1.88 2.00 1.87 1.91 2.14 2.16 2.07 1.97 2.24 2.24 2.15
F3 1.76 1.93 2.14 1.95 1.95 2.16 2.35 2.15 2.02 2.29 2.47 2.26
F4 1.84 2.11 2.08 2.01 2.03 2.35 2.28 2.22 2.12 2.44 2.42 2.33
Mean 1.75 1.94 2.05 1.94 2.16 2.22 2.02 2.27 2.33
I F I × F I F I × F I F I × F
SEd 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.05
CD (0.05) 0.16 0.08 NS 0.13 0.09 NS 0.08 0.06 NS
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