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Research on preparing seedling substrates using edible mushroom waste and application

Qi Liu
Qi Liu
, 
Sheng Wang
Sheng Wang
, 
Jingyu Zhang
Jingyu Zhang
, 
Tao He
Tao He
, 
Wen Chen
Wen Chen
, 
Xuanyue Zhao
Xuanyue Zhao
, 
Li Bao
Li Bao
 und 
Naiming Zhang
Naiming Zhang
   | 31. Dez. 2023
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Article Category: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Online veröffentlicht: 31. Dez. 2023
Seitenbereich: 275 - 285
Eingereicht: 01. Feb. 2023
Akzeptiert: 20. Juni 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0020
Schlüsselwörter
© 2023 Qi Liu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

The RDA of the different substrate formulations and physical properties. RDA, redundancy analysis.
The RDA of the different substrate formulations and physical properties. RDA, redundancy analysis.

Figure 2.

The RDA of the different substrate formulations and chemical properties. RDA, redundancy analysis.
The RDA of the different substrate formulations and chemical properties. RDA, redundancy analysis.

Figure 3.

The effect of the different substrate formulations on the biological traits of the four vegetable seedlings: (A) plant height; (B) stem thickness; (C) root length; (D) seedling vigour index; and (E) root-to-crown ratios.
The effect of the different substrate formulations on the biological traits of the four vegetable seedlings: (A) plant height; (B) stem thickness; (C) root length; (D) seedling vigour index; and (E) root-to-crown ratios.

Figure 4.

The correlation between the biological traits of the vegetable seedlings and each influencing factor. The correlation between the biological traits of the vegetable seedlings and each influencing factor.
The correlation between the biological traits of the vegetable seedlings and each influencing factor. The correlation between the biological traits of the vegetable seedlings and each influencing factor.

Figure 5.

The box plot of the differences between the biological traits of the pakchoi seedlings.
The box plot of the differences between the biological traits of the pakchoi seedlings.

The physical property determination methods.

Physical properties Calculation formula
Weight capacity (g · cm–3) (W2–W1)/V
Total porosity (%) (W3–W2)/V × 100%
Ventilation porosity (%) (W3–W4)/V × 100%
Water-holding porosity (%) (W4–W2)/V × 100%
Air-to-water ratio Ventilation porosity (%)/Water-holding porosity (%)

The physicochemical substrate properties used to optimise the mushroom waste percentage.

Physicochemical properties F1 F2 F3 CK1 CK2
Physical properties Bulk weights (g · cm−3 0.27 ± 0.03 a 0.15 ± 0.02 b 0.13 ± 0.02 b 0.11 ± 0.01 b 0.28 ± 0.03 a
Total porosity (%) 68.27 ± 0.48 b 69.09 ± 2.07 b 69.42 ± 0.02 ab 55.76 ± 1.34 c 74.45 ± 2.23 a
Aeration porosity (%) 21.30 ± 0.00 d 22.94 ± 0.53 c 24.58 ±0.00 b 26.54 ± 0.61 a 15.81 ± 0.36 e
Water-holding porosity (%) 56.75 ± 9.26 a 46.15 ± 1.15 ab 55.56 ± 10.74 a 29.22 ± 0.56 b 58.64 ± 1.47 a
Air-water ratio 0.39 ± 0.07 bc 0.50 ± 0.01 b 0.46 ± 0.09 b 0.91 ± 0.03 a 0.27 ± 0.00 c
Chemical properties OM (%) 37.62 ± 1.71 b 35.19 ± 1.09 b 26.86 ± 1.22 c 55.76 ± 0.32 a 26.66 ± 2.15 c
TN (g · kg−1) 5.20 ± 0.70 a 6.19 ± 0.19 a 6.15 ± 0.08 a 3.74 ± 0.04 b 3.18 ± 0.14 b
TP (g · kg−1) 4.00 ± 0.00 a 4.56 ± 0.04 a 6.28 ± 1.55 a 1.23 ± 0.01 b 0.59 ± 0.07 b
TK (g · kg−1) 16.47 ± 0.72 c 26.78 ± 1.60 a 23.70 ± 0.47 b 9.79 ± 0.02 d 9.06 ± 0.24 d
pH 6.88 ± 0.16 a 6.85 ± 0.00 a 6.83 ± 0.09 a 4.50 ± 0.01 b 7.08 ± 0.03 a
EC (mS · cm–1) 0.120 ± 0.001 b 0.110 ± 0.002 bc 0.099 ± 0.002 c 0.072 ± 0.002 d 0.171 ± 0.010 a

The explanatory variables obtained via RFF analysis.

The explanatory degree of model variables var% (% var explained).
Types Plant height (mm) Stem thickness (mm) Root length (mm) Seedling vigour index Root-to-crown ratio
Cabbage 27.57   4.25 −72.22 −43.45 −45.83
Pakchoi 14.20  21.75 −17.84   4.56  −2.12
Cucumber −27.13 −76.81  10.27 −36.96   7.31
Pumpkin −43.86   0.56   7.22   16.97 −10.69

The 13 substrate formulations.

Group Treatment Substrate formulations Formulation ratio
CK CK1 Coconut coir:peat 2:1
CK2 Peat:perlite 2:1
CK3 Peat:perlite: vermiculite 3:1:1
Basic T1 Mushroom waste: sawdust 4:1
T3 Mushroom waste: chicken manure: sawdust 5:1:1
T5 Mushroom waste: chicken manure: sawdust 3:1:1
T7 Mushroom waste: chicken manure: sawdust 2:1:1
T9 Mushroom waste: urea:sawdust 4:1:1
Advanced T2 T1:perlite: vermiculite 2:1:1
T4 T3:perlite: vermiculite 2:1:1
T6 T5:perlite: vermiculite 2:1:1
T8 T7:perlite: vermiculite 2:1:1
T10 T9:perlite: vermiculite 2:1:1

Optimisation of the mushroom waste percentage in the composite substrate formulation.

Treatment Substrate formulations Formulations ratio
F1 T1:perlite:vermiculite 3:1:1
F2 (T2) T1:perlite:vermiculite 2:1:1
F3 T1:perlite:vermiculite 1:1:1
CK1 Coconut coir:peat 2:1
CK2 Peat:perlite 2:1
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