Genetic characterisation and population structure analysis of Anatolian figs (Ficus carica L.) by SSR markers
, , , , , , , , , , und | 26. März 2021
Über diesen Artikel
Article Category: Research Article
Online veröffentlicht: 26. März 2021
Seitenbereich: 49 - 78
Eingereicht: 13. Dez. 2020
Akzeptiert: 13. Feb. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0005
Schlüsselwörter
© 2021 Ali Ergül et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure S1
Figure S2
Figure S3
RPP grouping of identical identified based on SSR analysis.
| No | Identical-accession name (accession no-geographical region, provinces) | |
|---|---|---|
| RPP1 | RPP2 | |
| 1 | Yanako 1 (60-Aegean, Aydın) – Yanako 2 (61-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 2 | Siyah (215-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah İncir (216-Marmara, Balıkesir) | – |
| 3 | – | Tarak (183-Mediterranean, Adana) – Tarak İnciri (191-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 4 | Morgüz (5-Aegean, Aydın) – Morgüz (95-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 5 | – | Kırmızı İncir (174-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kırmızı İncir (187-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 6 | – | Siyah (242-Marmara Çanakkale) – Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak) |
| 7 | Kadota (134-Aegean, Manisa) – Kadota (168-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) | – |
Accessions and individuals assigned to different accession at T = 2 threshold value based on MLLs analyses.
| Matched number | Accession name (accession no-geographical region, province) | Matches at |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ak Güz (7-Aegean-Aydın) | Beyaz Güz (6-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 2 | Karabakunya (20-Aegean-Aydın), Yediveren (115-Aegean-İzmir), Karabakunya (119-Aegean), | Kış İnciri (15 Aegean-Aydın) |
| 3 | Löp (28 Aegean-Aydın), Yediveren (30-Aegean-Aydın), Alaca (33-Aegean-Aydın), Devetabanı (34-Aegean-Aydın), Istanbul (223-Marmara-Balıkesir), Çiçek İncir (244-Marmara-Bursa) | Göklop (1-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 4 | Sakız (35-Aegean-Aydın) | Göklop (1-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 5 | Bektaşi (40-Aegean-Aydın), Morgüz (95-Aegean-İzmir) | Mor Güz (5-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 6 | Patlıcan (42-Aegean-Aydın) | Karayaprak (19-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 7 | Unnamed (45-Aegean-Aydın), Unnamed (46-Aegean-Aydın) | Bektaşi (41-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 8 | Kavun İlek (52-Aegean-Aydın) | Kara İlek (47-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 9 | Yanako 2 (61-Aegean-Aydın) | Yanako 1 (60-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 10 | Ak sarılop (99-Aegean-İzmir), Unnamed (138-Aegean-Manisa) | Bağcılar (41-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 11 | Boğmalı (102-Aegean,İzmir), Langav (103-Aegean,İzmir) | Siyilli (37-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 12 | Mor İncir (107-Aegean-İzmir) | Mor Güz (5-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 13 | Sarıca (111-Aegean-İzmir), Unnamed (133-Aegean-Manisa), Esmer Bal (137-Aegean-Manisa) | Lop (29-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 14 | Kızgıt (117-Aegean-İzmir) | Gökçe (116-Aegean-İzmir) |
| 15 | Beyaz Karabakunya (120-Aegean-İzmir) | Beyaz Orak (22-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 16 | Dibala (127-Aegean-İzmir) | Beyaz Orak (22-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 17 | İzmir Bardacık 2 (129-Aegean-İzmir) | Unnamed (126-Aegean-İzmir) |
| 18 | Kadota (134-Aegean-Manisa) | Lop Yemiş (132-Aegean-İzmir) |
| 19 | Unnamed (142-Aegean-Manisa) | Mor 4 (13-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 20 | Datça 1 (145-Aegean-Manisa) | Siyah Güz (9-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 21 | Beyaz İncir (154-Aegean-Manisa) | Şeker (153-Aegean-Manisa) |
| 22 | Şeker (153-Aegean, Manisa) | Kadota (134-Aegean-Manisa) |
| 23 | Kırmızı İncir (174-Mediterranean-Adana), Kırmızı İncir (187-Mediterranean-Adana) | Mor Armudi (172-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 24 | Fahli (180-Mediterranean-Adana) | Siyah İncir (17-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 25 | Tarak inciri (191-Mediterranean-Adana) | Tarak (15-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 26 | Fetike İnciri (192-Mediterranean-Adana) | Meyem İnciri (176-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 27 | Kilis İnciri (194-Mediterranean-Adana) | Lop İnciri (185-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 28 | Kandamik (196-Mediterranean-Adana) | Kışlık İncir (190-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 29 | Gök İncir (197-Mediterranean-İçel) | Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 30 | Mor İncir (200-Mediterranean-İçel) | Kilis inciri (194-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 31 | Unnamed (205-Mediterranean-Osmaniye) | Beyaz (203-Mediterranean-İçel) |
| 32 | Unnamed (210-Mediterranean-Antalya) | Siyah incir (149-Aegean-Manisa) |
| 33 | Sarı Kilis (266-Black Sea-Artvin), Kilis İnciri (267-Black Sea-Artvin), Dereköy (253-Marmara-İstanbul) | Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 34 | Beyaz Sultani (269-Black Sea-Bartın) | Dumanı Kara (218-Marmara-Balıkesir) |
| 35 | Sarı İncir (273-Black Sea-Giresun) | İpek İnciri (270-Black Sea-Giresun) |
| 36 | Siyah (242-Marmara Çanakkale) | Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak) |
| 37 | İpek İnciri (270-Black Sea, Giresun) | Sarı İncir (273-Black Sea, Giresun) |
| 38 | Yemişi Lop (221-Marmara, Balıkesir) | Balduzdın (275-Black Sea, Kastamonu) |
| 39 | Balduzdın (275-Black Sea-Kastamonu), Könüs İnciri (278-Black Sea-Ordu) | Ada (156-Aegean-Manisa) |
| 40 | Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea-Zonguldak) | Beyaz İncir (239-Marmara-Çanakkale) |
| 41 | Siyah (215-Marmara-Balıkesir), Siyah İncir (216-Marmara-Balıkesir) | Hamri (182-Mediterranean-Adana) |
| 42 | Yemişi Lop (11-Aegean-Aydın) | Ada (156-Aegean-Manisa) |
| 43 | Kara Yemiş (240-Marmara-Çanakkale) | Dumanı Kara (218-Marmara-Balıkesir) |
| 44 | Löp İnciri (236-Marmara-Bursa) | Siyah Orak (21-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 45 | Yediveren (249-Marmara-İstanbul) | Dumanı Kara (218-Marmara-Balıkesir) |
| 46 | Siyah (252-Marmara-İstanbul) | Sarı Zeybek (43-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 47 | İpek İnciri (255-Marmara-İstanbul) | Siyah Orak (21-Aegean-Aydın) |
| 48 | Unnamed (260-Marmara-İstanbul) | Unnamed (259-Marmara-İstanbul) |
| 49 | Unnamed (261-Marmara-İstanbul) | Beyaz Karabakunya (120-Aegean-İzmir) |
| 50 | Unnamed (263-Marmara-İstanbul) | Yediveren (222-Marmara-Balıkesir) |
| 51 | Kalazi (301-Southeast Anatolia) | Mor Özer (297-Southeast Anatolia) |
| 52 | Kış Hayrı (303-Southeast Anatolia) | Unnamed (205-Mediterranean-Osmaniye) |
| 53 | Unnamed (306-Southeast Anatolia) | Sarı Bardak (227-Marmara-Bursa) |
| 54 | Unnamed (309-Southeast Anatolia) | Siyah Orak (21-Aegean-Aydın) |
RPP grouping of synonymous identified based on SSR analysis.
| No | Synonymous-accession name (accession no-geographical region, provinces) | |
|---|---|---|
| RPP1 | RPP2 | |
| 1 | Gök Lop (1-Aegean, Aydın) – Löp (28-Aegean, Aydın) – Yediveren (30-Aegean, Aydın) – Alaca (33-Aegean, Aydın) – İstanbul (223-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Çiçek İncir (244-Marmara, Çanakkale) | – |
| 2 | Mor (98-Aegean, İzmir) – Dibala (127-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 3 | Ada (156-Aegean, Manisa) – Yemişi Lop (221-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Balduzdın (275-Black Sea, Kastamonu) – Könüş İnciri (278-Southeast Anatolia) | – |
| 4 | Bağcılar (41-Aegean, Aydın) – Unnamed (45-Aegean, Aydın) – Sarı Lop (46-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 5 | Sarılop Kim (92-Aegean, İzmir) – Ak Sarılop (99-Aegean, İzmir) – Unnamed (138-Aegean, Manisa) | – |
| 6 | Unnamed (126-Aegean, İzmir) – İzmir Bardacık 2 (129-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 7 | Mor 4 (13-Aegean, Aydın) – Unnamed (142-Aegean, Manisa) | – |
| 8 | Sarı Zeybek (43-Aegean, Aydın) – Siyah (252-Marmara, İstanbul) | – |
| 9 | Kara İlek (47-Aegean, Aydın) – Kavun İlek (52-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 10 | Lop Yemiş (132-Aegean, İzmir) – Kadota (134-Aegean, Manisa) – Kadota (168-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) | – |
| 11 | Darpak (158-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Löp İncir (236-Marmara, Balıkesir) | – |
| 12 | Beyaz Güz (6-Aegean, Aydın) – Ak Güz (7-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 13 | Siyah Güz (9-Aegean, Aydın) – Datça (145-Aegean, Manisa) | – |
| 14 | Yediveren (222-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Unnamed (263-Marmara, İstanbul) | – |
| 15 | Unnamed (259-Marmara, İstanbul) | Unnamed (260-Marmara, İstanbul) |
| 16 | Mor Güz (5-Aegean, Aydın) – Bektaşi (40-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor Güz (95-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor İncir (107-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 17 | Lop (29-Aegean, Aydın) – Sarıca (111-Aegean, İzmir) – Unnamed (133-Aegean, Manisa) – Esmer Bal (137-Aegean, Manisa) | – |
| 18 | Gökçe (116-Aegean, İzmir) – Kızgıt (117-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 19 | Boğmalı (102-Aegean, İzmir) – Langav (103-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 20 | Şeker (153-Aegean, Manisa) – Beyaz İncir (154-Aegean, Manisa) | – |
| 21 | Siyah İncir (17-Aegean, Aydın) – Fahli (180-Mediterranean, Adana) | – |
| 22 | – | Mor Armudi (172-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kırmızı İncir (174-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kırmızı İncir (187-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 23 | – | Kara Yaprak (19-Aegean, Aydın) – Patlıcan (42-Aegean, Aydın) |
| 24 | – | Beyaz (203-Mediterranean, İçel) – Unnamed (205-Mediterranean, Osmaniye) – Kara Yemiş (240-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Kış Hayrı (303-Southeast Anatolia) |
| 25 | – | Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean, Aydın) – Gök İncir (197-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 26 | – | Beyaz İncir (188-Mediterranean, Adana) – Mor İncir (200-Mediterranean, İçel) |
| 27 | – | Meyem İncir (176-Mediterranean, Adana) – Fetike İnciri (192-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 28 | – | Kışlık İncir (190-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kandamik (196-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 29 | – | Lop (229-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Unnamed (306-Southeast Anatolia) |
| 30 | – | İpek İnciri (270-Black Sea, Giresun) – Sarı İncir (273-Black Sea, Giresun) |
| 31 | Siyah (242-Marmara, Çanakkale) | Beyaz İncir (239-Marmara, Çanakkale)-Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak) |
| 32 | Ekşi İncir (160-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Dereköy (253-Marmara, İstanbul) – Sarı Kilis (266-Black Sea, Artvin) – Kilis İnciri (267-Black Sea, Artvin) | – |
| 33 | – | Siyah İncir (149-Aegean, Manisa) – Unnamed (210-Mediterranean, Antalya) |
| 34 | Yediveren (115-Aegean, İzmir) – Karabakunya (119-Aegean, İzmir) | Kış İnciri (15-Aegean, Aydın) |
| 35 | – | Haziran İnciri (199-Mediterranean, İçel) – Beyaz Sultani (269-Black Sea, Bartın) |
| 36 | – | Lop İnciri (185-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kilis İnciri (194-Mediterranean, Adana) |
Genetic parameters of Anatolian fig accessions examined in this study.
| Locus no | Locus name | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | MFC1 | 6 | 0.592 | 0.845 | 0.362 |
| L2 | MFC2 | 9 | 0.706 | 0.680 | 0.198 |
| L3 | MFC3 | 8 | 0.554 | 0.409 | 0.373 |
| L4 | MFC8 | 6 | 0.339 | 0.319 | 0.505 |
| L5 | FCUP008-2 | 11 | 0.763 | 0.761 | 0.161 |
| L6 | FCUP027-4 | 9 | 0.778 | 0.732 | 0.135 |
| L7 | FCUP038-6 | 15 | 0.805 | 0.696 | 0.093 |
| L8 | FCUP066-7 | 8 | 0.701 | 0.754 | 0.240 |
| L9 | FCUP068-1 | 11 | 0.726 | 0.748 | 0.189 |
| L10 | FCUP070-2 | 11 | 0.831 | 0.764 | 0.094 |
| L11 | LMFC23 | 2 | 0.413 | 0.383 | 0.600 |
| L12 | LMFC25 | 5 | 0.521 | 0.532 | 0.424 |
| L13 | LMFC30 | 9 | 0.833 | 0.819 | 0.093 |
| L14 | FM4-70 | 6 | 0.736 | 0.658 | 0.212 |
| Mean | 7.75 | 0.652 | 0.685 | – | |
SSR loci information (locus no, locus name, primer sequence, repeat motif, expected range (bp), amplification temperatures and GenBank accession number).
| Locus no | Locus name | Primer sequence (5′ to 3′) | Repeat motif | Expected range (bp) | Amplification temperatures (Tm) | GenBank accession numbers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | MFC1 | f: ctagactgaaaaaacattgc, r:tgagattgaaaggaaacgag | (ct)13 | 174–192 | 55 | AF333703 |
| L2 | MFC2 | f: gcttccgatgctgctctta, r:tcggagacttttgttcaat | (ac)18(at)7 | 158–172 | 55 | AF333697 |
| L3 | MFC3 | f:gatattttcatgtttagtttg, r:gaggatagaccaacaacaac | (ac)15(tc)(ac)8(at)7 | 122–136 | 55 | AF333698 |
| L4 | MFC8 | f:gtggcgtcgtctctaataat, r:tattctatgctgtcttatgtca | (ca)9ta(ca)14(ta)6 | 170–174 | 57 | AF333703 |
| L5 | FCUP008-2 | f: catacactttcatggagcacaaa, r: cccagatgtttggtgaagg | (tg)22 | 158–184 | 53 | EF198054 |
| L6 | FCUP027-4 | f: aaccttttagtatgcctttggaa, r: tccaccatcaaatccttctg | (ac)19 | 202–220 | 55 | EF198058 |
| L7 | FCUP038-6 | f:caatgtatcatttcatctcacgaa, r: agttcccatgtttggttactga | (tg)23t(ag)11 | 170–193 | 58 | EF198059 |
| L8 | FCUP066-7 | f: ccctctcgaagaagaagca, r: ctacaggaaatgggcctcaa | (ca)14 | 162–182 | 58 | EF198065 |
| L9 | FCUP068-1 | f:ggaattaccgtccatggcta, r: cgccactctctctctccact | (ag)14(gagagag)4 | 178–206 | 58 | EF198066 |
| L10 | FCUP070-2 | f:ttcaacttcaaccttcaccaa, r:tttgtctaaggaggcttattgtca | (ag)15 | 183–195 | 58 | EF198068 |
| L11 | LMFC23 | f: tttcgtgtctaacgatcaaaaa, r: ctcccatctccaactccatc | (ag)20 | 132 | 53 | AY545936 |
| L12 | LMFC25 | f: gattctgattaaagggtattt, r: gctttccaaatctaaagtaac | (tc)11 | 216 | 55 | AY545938 |
| L13 | LMFC30 | f: ttgtccgtttcttatacaat, r: tctttttaggcagatgttag | (ct)18(ca)6 | 253 | 58 | AY545942 |
| L14 | FM4-70 | f:cagatgaggttgacgatgttattg, r: taaaccctcttcaaattcactctc | (gaa)20−1 | 202–232 | 55 | AJ854076 |
Multilocus genotypes (MLG), number of different alleles (Na), effective alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe) and PAS values found in different fig populations studied.
| Population | MLG | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean | 38 | 6.85 | 3.07 | 0.62 | 0.62 | L3:137, L6:246, L8:142, L10:155–159–179, L11:176 |
| Central Anatolia | 3 | 4.78 | 3.03 | 0.62 | 0.65 | L4:156, L12:124 |
| Mediterranean | 19 | 6.35 | 3.60 | 0.66 | 0.66 | L3:141, L6:160, L7:190, L9:153, L15:196 |
| Marmara | 15 | 6.35 | 3.67 | 0.68 | 0.66 | L6:148–168, L7:158, L8:186, L14:249 |
| Black Sea | 15 | 5.42 | 3.35 | 0.68 | 0.64 | L2:160, L8:144 |
| Southeast Anatolia | 6 | 5.50 | 3.40 | 0.68 | 0.66 | L2:186, L11:152 |
| Total | 96 | 35.25 | 20.12 | 3.94 | 3.89 | – |
Reconstructed panmictic population (RPP) grouping of homonymous identified based on SSR analysis.
| No | Homonymous-accession name (accession no-geographical region, provinces) | |
|---|---|---|
| RPP1 | RPP2 | |
| 1 | Kızılay 2 (59-Aegean, Aydın) | Kızılay 1 (58-Aegean, Aydın) |
| 2 | Şeytan 2 (65-Aegean, Aydın) | Şeytan 1 (64-Aegean, Aydın) |
| 3 | Çakın 1 (66-Aegean, Aydın) – Çakın 2 (67-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 4 | Datça1 (145-Aegean, Manisa) – Datça 3 (147-Aegean, Manisa) – Datça 4 (148-Aegean, Manisa) – Datça 5 (157-Aegean, Manisa) | Datça 2 (146-Aegean, Manisa) |
| 5 | Ak Erkek 1 (86-Aegean, İzmir) – Ak Erkek 2 (87-Aegean, İzmir) | – |
| 6 | Morgüz (95-Aegean, İzmir) – Morgüz (5-Aegean, Aydın) | Morgüz (94-Aegean, Aydın) |
| 7 | Siyah (105-Aegean, İzmir) – Siyah (106-Aegean, İzmir) – Siyah (214-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah (252-Marmara, İstanbul) – Siyah İncir (17-Aegean, Aydın) – Siyah İncir (241-Marmara, Çanakkale)–Siyah (215-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah İncir (216-Marmara, Balıkesir) | Siyah (251-Marmara, İstanbul) – Siyah İncir (149-Aegean, Manisa) – Siyah İncir (162-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Siyah İncir (189-Mediterranean, Adana) – Siyah İncir (235-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Siyah (242-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Siyah İncir (295-Black Sea, Zonguldak) |
| 8 | Beyaz İncir (154-Aegean, Manisa) – Beyaz İncir (187-Mediterranean, Adana) – Beyaz İncir (238-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Beyaz İncir (263-Marmara, İstanbul) | Beyaz (203-Mediterranean, İçel) – Beyaz İncir (150-Aegean, Manisa) – Beyaz İncir (161-Central Anatolia) |
| 9 | Akça 1 (23-Aegean, Aydın) – Akça 2 (24-Aegean, Aydın) – Akça 3 (25-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 10 | Mor 1 (10-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor 2 (11-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor 3 (12-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor 4 (13-Aegean, Aydın) – Mor (97-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor (98-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor İncir (107-Aegean, İzmir) – Mor İncir (206-Mediterranean, Antalya) – Mor İncir (207-Mediterranean, Antalya) – Mor İncir (234-Marmara, Bursa) | Mor İncir (171-Mediterranean, Adana) – Güzlük Mor İncir (198-Mediterranean, İçel) – Mor İncir (200-Mediterranean, İçel) – Mor İncir (208-Mediterranean, Antalya) – Mor İncir (212-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Mor İncir (213-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Mor İncir (287-Black Sea, Samsun) |
| 11 | Midilli (122-Aegean, İzmir) – Midilli (217-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Midilli (245-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Yeşil Midilli 2 (124-Aegean, İzmir) | Yeşil Midilli 1 (123-Aegean, İzmir) |
| 12 | Yabani F (165-Central Anatolia-Eskişehir) | Yabani F (164-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) – Yabani (Mor) (163-Central Anatolia, Eskişehir) |
| 13 | – | Karabakunya (20-Aegean, Aydın) – Karabakunya (119-Aegean, İzmir) – Beyaz karabakunya (120-Aegean, İzmir) |
| 14 | Bardakçı (2-Aegean, Aydın) – Kuşadası Bardakçı (3-Aegean, Aydın) – Morbardakçı (4-Aegean, Aydın) – Bardak (26-Aegean, Aydın) – Bardak (225-Marmara, Bursa) – Gök Bardak (228-Marmara, Bursa) | Asıl Bardak (27-Aegean, Aydın) – Beyaz Bardak (226-Marmara, Bursa) – Sarı Bardak (227-Marmara, Bursa) |
| 15 | Yediveren (30-Aegean, Aydın) – Yediveren (115-Aegean, İzmir) – Yediveren (222-Marmara, Balıkesir) – Yediveren (248-Marmara, İstanbul) | Yediveren (237-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Kavak Yediveren (238-Marmara, Çanakkale) – Yediveren (249-Marmara, İstanbul) – Yediveren (250-Marmara, İstanbul) |
| 16 | Şeker (153-Aegean, Manisa) – Şeker İnciri (14-Aegean, Aydın) | Şeker İnciri (289-Black Sea, Samsun) |
| 17 | Löp (28-Aegean, Aydın) – Lop (29-Aegean, Aydın) – Löp İnciri (236-Marmara, Bursa) | Lop İnciri (185-Mediterranean, Adana) – Lop İnciri (186-Mediterranean, Adana) – Lop (229-Marmara, Bursa) |
| 18 | Kaba İlek (Bozdoğan) (54-Aegean, Aydın) – Kaba İlek (Ömerbeyli) (55-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 19 | Büyük Konkur (62-Aegean, Aydın) – Küçük Konkur (63-Aegean, Aydın) | – |
| 20 | Frenk (75-Aegean, Aydın) | Frenk İnciri (193-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 21 | – | Kış İnciri (15-Aegean, Aydın) – Kış İnciri (177-Mediterranean, Adana) – Kışlık İncir (190-Mediterranean, Adana) |
| 22 | – | Halebi (298-Southeast Anatolia) – Halebi (299-Southeast Anatolia) |
Number of genotypes (accessions) (gen)/clonality, effective number of genotypes (accessions) (eff), genotypic diversity (div), eveness (eve) and Shannon-Wiener (shw) values (for threshold = 2) determined in MLLs analysis.
| Population | Number of genotypes (accessions) ( |
Effective number of genotypes (accessions) ( |
Genotypic diversity ( |
Eveness ( |
Shannon-wiener ( |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean | 124/33 | 87 | 0.994 | 0.702 | 2.035 |
| Central Anatolia | 11/0 | 11 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.041 |
| Mediterranean | 33/9 | 26 | 0.986 | 0.809 | 1.479 |
| Marmara | 46/7 | 41 | 0.994 | 0.911 | 1.644 |
| Black Sea | 29/4 | 26 | 0.992 | 0.915 | 1.445 |
| Southeast Anatolia | 12/1 | 11 | 0.987 | 0.938 | 1.067 |
Collection cites, accession no, accession name of fig cultivars used in the study.
| Collection cites (Geographical region-Provinces-Fig plant sex) | Accession no | Accession code | Accession name | RPP grouping (red: RPP1) (green: RPP2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean-Aydın-Female | 1 | 1001 | Göklop | |
| 2 | 1002 | Bardakçı | ||
| 3 | 1004 | Kuşadası Bardakçı | ||
| 4 | 1111 | Mor Bardakçı | ||
| 5 | 1006 | Mor Güz | ||
| 6 | 1007 | Beyaz Güz | ||
| 7 | 1106 | Ak Güz | ||
| 8 | 1008 | Yeşil Güz | ||
| 9 | 1039 | Siyah Güz | ||
| 10 | 1009 | Mor 1 | ||
| 11 | 1020 | Mor 2 | ||
| 12 | 1021 | Mor 3 | ||
| 13 | 1022 | Mor 4 | ||
| 14 | 1005 | Şeker inciri | ||
| 15 | 1011 | Kış İnciri | ||
| 16 | 1023 | Kuş İnciri | ||
| 17 | 1026 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 18 | 1003 | Karahönü | ||
| 19 | 1010 | Kara Yaprak | ||
| 20 | 1019 | Karabakunya | ||
| 21 | 1012 | Siyah Orak | ||
| 22 | 1013 | Beyaz Orak | ||
| 23 | 1014 | Akça 1 | ||
| 24 | 1015 | Akça 2 | ||
| 25 | 1016 | Akça 3 | ||
| 26 | 1017 | Bardak | ||
| 27 | 1027 | Asıl Bardak | ||
| 28 | 1036 | Löp | ||
| 29 | 1037 | Lop | ||
| 30 | 1018 | Yediveren | ||
| 31 | 1025 | Şaranpol | ||
| 32 | 1028 | Kaya | ||
| 33 | 1031 | Alaca | ||
| 34 | 1032 | Devetabanı | ||
| 35 | 1034 | Sakız | ||
| 36 | 1038 | Lebi; Uzun | ||
| 37 | 1040 | Siyilli | ||
| 38 | 1041 | Sarı Dizilik | ||
| 39 | 1042 | Koca Ana | ||
| 40 | 1043 | Bektaşi | ||
| 41 | 1044 | Bağcılar | ||
| 42 | 1104 | Patlıcan | ||
| 43 | 1098 | Sarı Zeybek | ||
| 44 | 1118 | Unnamed | ||
| 45 | 1100 | Unnamed | ||
| 46 | 1029 | Sarı Lop | ||
| Aegean-Aydın-Male | 47 | 28 | Kara İlek | |
| 48 | 8 | Siyah İlek | ||
| 49 | 24 | Ak İlek | ||
| 50 | 36 | Mor İlek | ||
| 51 | 54 | Sarı İlek | ||
| 52 | 29 | Kavun İlek | ||
| 53 | 25 | Elma İlek | ||
| 54 | 53 | Kaba İlek(Bozdoğan) | ||
| 55 | 1 | Kabaİlek(Ömerbeyli) | ||
| 56 | 61 | Körpe İlek | ||
| 57 | 16 | Hamza İlek | ||
| 58 | 10 | Kızılay 1 | ||
| 59 | 32 | Kızılay-2 | ||
| 60 | 57 | Yanako 1 | ||
| 61 | 59 | Yanako 2 | ||
| 62 | 34 | Büyük Konkur | ||
| 63 | 38 | Küçük Konkur | ||
| 64 | 18 | Şeytan 1 | ||
| 65 | 19 | Şeytan 2 | ||
| 66 | 21a | Çakın 1 | ||
| 67 | 21b | Çakın 2 | ||
| 68 | 60 | Adalı | ||
| 69 | 23 | Kıbrıslı | ||
| 70 | 13 | Gabalı | ||
| 71 | 15 | Abalı | ||
| 72 | 22 | Damarlı | ||
| 73 | 50 | Taşlık | ||
| 74 | 52 | Kızılburun | ||
| 75 | 56 | Frenk | ||
| 76 | 35 | Afyoncu | ||
| 77 | 37 | Karabulut | ||
| 78 | 17a | Mordemirtaş | ||
| 79 | 17b | Çaçaron | ||
| 80 | 12 | Derviş Ali | ||
| 81 | 14 | Hacı Yusuf | ||
| 82 | 4 | Bostancı | ||
| 83 | 7 | Kuyucak | ||
| Aegean-İzmir-Male | 84 | 39 | Hacı Abdullah | |
| 85 | 40 | Kara Erkek | ||
| 86 | 41 | Ak Erkek 1 | ||
| 87 | 43 | Ak Erkek 2 | ||
| 88 | 42 | Çiçekli 2 | ||
| 89 | 44 | Conkurt | ||
| 90 | 46 | Ayardolduran | ||
| 91 | 49 | Armut İlek | ||
| Aegean-İzmir-Female | 92 | TUR1081 | Sarılop kim | |
| 93 | TUR1082 | Akça kim | ||
| 94 | TUR1047 | Morgüz | ||
| 95 | TUR1045 | Morgüz | ||
| 96 | TUR1035 | Sarı çiçek | ||
| 97 | TUR1046 | Mor | ||
| 98 | TUR1064 | Mor | ||
| 99 | TUR1048 | Ak sarılop | ||
| 100 | TUR1086 | Mor lop | ||
| 101 | TUR1087 | Unnamed | ||
| 102 | TUR1050 | Boğmalı | ||
| 103 | TUR1051 | Langav | ||
| 104 | TUR1053 | Aydın inciri | ||
| 105 | TUR1054 | Siyah | ||
| 106 | TUR1068 | Siyah | ||
| 107 | TUR1055 | Mor incir | ||
| 108 | TUR1056 | Bardak lopu | ||
| 109 | TUR1057 | Unnamed | ||
| 110 | TUR1059 | Unnamed | ||
| 111 | TUR1060 | Sarıca | ||
| 112 | TUR1061 | Bal inciri | ||
| 113 | TUR1062 | Eyyam bahur | ||
| 114 | TUR1065 | Arap inciri | ||
| 115 | TUR1066 | Yediveren | ||
| 116 | TUR1067 | Gökçe | ||
| 117 | TUR1069 | Kızgıt | ||
| 118 | TUR1070 | Kasaba | ||
| 119 | TUR1071 | Karabakunya | ||
| 120 | TUR1073 | Beyaz Karabakunya | ||
| 121 | TUR1072 | Unnamed | ||
| 122 | TUR1074 | Midilli | ||
| 123 | TUR1058 | Yeşil midilli 1 | ||
| 124 | TUR1077 | Yeşil midilli 2 | ||
| 125 | TUR1075 | Unnamed | ||
| 126 | TUR1076 | Unnamed | ||
| 127 | TUR1078 | Dibala | ||
| 128 | TUR1079 | Yörük inciri | ||
| 129 | TUR1080 | İzmir Bardacık 2 | ||
| 130 | TUR1083 | Unnamed | ||
| 131 | TUR1084 | Unnamed | ||
| 132 | TUR1085 | Lop yemiş | ||
| Aegean-Manisa-Female | 133 | TUR1049 | Unnamed | |
| 134 | TUR1107 | Kadota | ||
| 135 | TUR1088 | Siyah kış | ||
| 136 | TUR1089 | Ufak yeşil | ||
| 137 | TUR1090 | Esmer bal | ||
| 138 | TUR1091 | Unnamed | ||
| 139 | TUR1092 | Unnamed | ||
| 140 | TUR1093 | Unnamed | ||
| 141 | TUR1094 | Unnamed | ||
| 142 | TUR1095 | Unnamed | ||
| 143 | TUR1096 | Unnamed | ||
| 144 | TUR1097 | Unnamed | ||
| 145 | TUR1108 | Datça 1 | ||
| 146 | TUR1110 | Datça 2 | ||
| 147 | TUR1112 | Datça 3 | ||
| 148 | TUR1114 | Datça 4 | ||
| 149 | TUR1102 | Siyah incir | ||
| 150 | TUR1103 | Beyaz incir | ||
| 151 | TUR1119 | Unnamed | ||
| 152 | TUR1099 | Unnamed | ||
| 153 | TUR1109 | Şeker | ||
| 154 | TUR1113 | Beyaz incir | ||
| 155 | TUR1115 | Gökçe | ||
| 156 | TUR1116 | Ada | ||
| 157 | TUR1117 | Datça 5 | ||
| Central Anatolia-Eskişehir-Female | 158 | TUR708 | Darpak | |
| 159 | TUR709 | Kızıl mor | ||
| 160 | TUR710 | Ekşi incir | ||
| 161 | TUR711 | Beyaz incir | ||
| 162 | TUR712 | Siyah incir | ||
| 163 | TUR701 | Yabani(Mor) | ||
| 164 | TUR702 | Yabani f | ||
| 165 | TUR704 | Yabani f | ||
| 166 | TUR705 | K.formu | ||
| 167 | TUR706 | Çilci | ||
| 168 | TUR801 | Kadota | ||
| Mediterranean-Adana-Female | 169 | TUR 321 | Mor Seyhan | |
| 170 | TUR 322 | Beyaz Seyhan | ||
| 171 | TUR 318 | Mor İncir | ||
| 172 | TUR 311 | Mor Armudi | ||
| 173 | TUR 312 | Kızıl Mor | ||
| 174 | TUR 313 | Kırmızı İncir | ||
| 175 | TUR 317 | Aşı İnciri | ||
| 176 | TUR 314 | Meyem İnciri | ||
| 177 | TUR 315 | Kış İnciri | ||
| 178 | TUR 310 | Armut Sapı | ||
| 179 | TUR 316 | Yayladağ | ||
| 180 | TUR 323 | Fahli | ||
| 181 | TUR 324 | Şetvi | ||
| 182 | TUR 325 | Hamri | ||
| 183 | TUR 326 | Tarak | ||
| 184 | TUR 327 | Lebi | ||
| 185 | TUR01I-01 | Lop İnciri | ||
| 186 | TUR31-İ-08 | Lop İnciri | ||
| 187 | TUR31-İ-04 | Kırmızı İncir | ||
| 188 | TUR31-İ-02 | Beyaz İncir | ||
| 189 | TUR31-İ-03 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 190 | TUR31-İ-09 | Kışlık İncir | ||
| 191 | TUR31-İ-06 | Tarak İnciri | ||
| 192 | TUR31-İ-07 | Fetike İnciri | ||
| 193 | TUR31-İ-11 | Frenk İnciri | ||
| 194 | TUR31-İ-12 | Kilis İnciri | ||
| 195 | TUR31-İ-10 | Gök İncir | ||
| 196 | TUR31-İ-05 | Kandamik | ||
| Mediterranean-İçel (Mersin)-Female | 197 | TUR33-İ-01 | Gök İncir | |
| 198 | TUR 33-İ-02 | Güzlük Mor İncir | ||
| 199 | TUR33-İ-03 | Haziran İnciri | ||
| 200 | TUR33-İ-04 | Mor İncir | ||
| 201 | TUR 306 | Bodrum İnciri | ||
| 202 | TUR 307 | Kalın Kabuk | ||
| 203 | TUR 308 | Beyaz | ||
| Mediterranean-Osmaniye-Female | 204 | TUR 319 | Osmaniyeli | |
| 205 | TUR 320 | Unnamed | ||
| Mediterranean-Antalya-Female | 206 | TUR 302 | Mor İncir | |
| 207 | TUR 305 | Mor İncir | ||
| 208 | TUR 309 | Mor İncir | ||
| 209 | TUR 301 | Sarı İncir | ||
| 210 | TUR 303 | Unnamed | ||
| Marmara-Adapazarı-Female | 211 | TUR 249 | Kavak | |
| Marmara-Balıkesir-Female | 212 | TUR 209 | Mor İncir | |
| 213 | TUR 210 | Mor İncir | ||
| 214 | TUR 202 | Siyah | ||
| 215 | TUR 255 | Siyah | ||
| 216 | TUR 208 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 217 | TUR 254 | Midilli | ||
| 218 | TUR 220 | Dumanlı Kara | ||
| 219 | TUR 205 | Sarı Dizilik | ||
| 220 | TUR 206 | Boğmalı Dizilik | ||
| 221 | TUR 207 | Yemişi Lop | ||
| 222 | TUR 256 | Yediveren | ||
| 223 | TUR 201 | Istanbul | ||
| Marmara-Bursa-Female | 224 | TUR 237 | Bursa Siyahı | |
| 225 | TUR 236 | Bardak | ||
| 226 | TUR 238 | Beyaz Bardak | ||
| 227 | TUR 242 | Sarı Bardak | ||
| 228 | TUR 241 | Gök Bardak | ||
| 229 | TUR 240 | Lop | ||
| 230 | TUR 245 | Sarı Yemiş | ||
| 231 | TUR 246 | Gelin Yanağı | ||
| 232 | TUR 243 | Susak | ||
| 233 | TUR 244 | Kavak | ||
| 234 | TUR 247 | Mor İncir | ||
| 235 | TUR 248 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 236 | TUR 252 | Löp İnciri | ||
| Marmara-Çanakkale-Female | 237 | TUR 223 | Yediveren | |
| 238 | TUR 222 | Kavak Yediveren | ||
| 239 | TUR 224 | Beyaz İncir | ||
| 240 | TUR 213 | Kara Yemiş | ||
| 241 | TUR 216 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 242 | TUR 218 | Siyah | ||
| 243 | TUR 225 | Kabak Yemişi | ||
| 244 | TUR 212 | Çiçek İncir | ||
| 245 | TUR 215 | Midilli | ||
| 246 | TUR 214 | Unnamed | ||
| 247 | TUR 219 | Unnamed | ||
| Marmara-İstanbul-Female | 248 | TUR 235 | Yediveren | |
| 249 | TUR 250 | Yediveren | ||
| 250 | TUR 227 | Yediveren | ||
| 251 | TUR 234 | Siyah | ||
| 252 | TUR 230 | Siyah | ||
| 253 | TUR 251 | Dereköy | ||
| 254 | TUR 226 | Kasım İnciri | ||
| 255 | TUR 228 | İpek İnciri | ||
| 256 | TUR 231 | Tüylü İncir | ||
| 257 | TUR 232 | Koca Yemiş | ||
| 258 | TUR 253 | Sultan Selim | ||
| 259 | TUR 233 | Unnamed | ||
| 260 | TUR 229 | Unnamed | ||
| 261 | TUR 211 | Unnamed | ||
| 262 | TUR 203 | Unnamed | ||
| 263 | TUR 204 | Unnamed | ||
| Black Sea-Artvin-Female | 264 | TUR 536 | Beyaz İncir | |
| 265 | TUR 542 | Siyah Bukele | ||
| 266 | TUR 541 | Sarı Kilis | ||
| 267 | TUR 540 | Kilis İnciri | ||
| Black Sea-Bartın-Female | 268 | TUR 505 | Kara Sultani | |
| 269 | TUR 506 | Beyaz Sultani | ||
| Black Sea-Giresun-Female | 270 | TUR 530 | İpek İnciri | |
| 271 | TUR 532 | Kepek İnciri | ||
| 272 | TUR 531 | Değirmen İnciri | ||
| 273 | TUR 534 | Sarı İncir | ||
| 274 | TUR 533 | Ağarsak | ||
| Black Sea-Kastamonu-Female | 275 | TUR 507 | Balduzdın | |
| 276 | TUR 508 | Baldıran | ||
| Black Sea-Ordu-Female | 277 | TUR 528 | Kara İncir | |
| 278 | TUR 529 | Könüs İnciri | ||
| 279 | TUR 523 | Dilaver | ||
| 280 | TUR 524 | Ham İncir | ||
| 281 | TUR 525 | Ak İncir 1 | ||
| Black Sea-Sinop-Female | 282 | TUR 511 | Şalgam İnciri | |
| 283 | TUR 512 | Istanbul İnciri | ||
| 284 | TUR 514 | Deniz İnciri | ||
| 285 | TUR 515 | Tabak İnciri | ||
| 286 | TUR 513 | Filestos | ||
| Black Sea-Samsun-Female | 287 | TUR 517 | Mor İncir | |
| 288 | TUR 522 | Turna Boyu | ||
| 289 | TUR 519 | Şeker İnciri | ||
| Black Sea-Trabzon-Female | 290 | TUR 537 | Kara İncir | |
| 291 | TUR 538 | Kabak İnciri | ||
| 292 | TUR 535 | Horasan | ||
| Black Sea-Zonguldak-Female | 293 | TUR 503 | Ak İncir | |
| 294 | TUR 501 | Sarı İncir | ||
| 295 | TUR 504 | Siyah İncir | ||
| 296 | TUR 502 | Istanbul İnciri | ||
| Southeast Anatolia | 297 | TUR 401 | Mor Özer | |
| 298 | TUR 402 | Halebi | ||
| 299 | TUR 407 | Halebi | ||
| 300 | TUR 403 | Sultani | ||
| 301 | TUR 405 | Kalazi | ||
| 302 | TUR 408 | Azezi | ||
| 303 | TUR 404 | Kış Hayrı | ||
| 304 | TUR 221 | Yeşil İncir | ||
| 305 | TUR 217 | Unnamed | ||
| 306 | TUR 239 | Unnamed | ||
| 307 | TUR 304 | Unnamed | ||
| 308 | TUR 07-I-0P5 | Kızıl Yemiş | ||
| 309 | TUR 01-I-04 | Unnamed | ||
| Black Sea-Artvin-Female | 310 | TUR 539 | Beyaz Bukele | |
Expected and observed heterozygosities, polymorphic locus at both 95% and 99% probability levels and the mean number of alleles per locus in six Anatolian fig populations (sample size of each population).
| Populations (sample size of each population) | Heterozygosity | Polymorphic locus | Mean of alleles/loci | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hexp | |||||
| Aegean (157) | 0.624 ± 0.146 | 0.625 ± 0.160 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 6.86 |
| Central Anatolia (11) | 0.625 ± 0.154 | 0.623 ± 0.214 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 4.79 |
| Mediterranean (42) | 0.658 ± 0.176 | 0.668 ± 0.192 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 6.36 |
| Marmara (53) | 0.655 ± 0.193 | 0.685 ± 0.219 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 6.36 |
| Black Sea (34) | 0.641 ± 0.169 | 0.687 ± 0.209 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 5.50 |
| Southeast Anatolia (13) | 0.638 ± 0.185 | 0.687 ± 0.221 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 5.50 |
Genetic distance/genetic similarity (%) between fig populations based on Nei's (1972) genetic distance.
| Populations | Aegean | Central Anatolia | Mediterranean | Marmara | Black Sea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean | – | ||||
| Central Anatolia | 0.107/89.3 | – | |||
| Mediterranean | 0.149/85.1 | 0.206/79.4 | – | ||
| Marmara | 0.055/94.5 | 0.065/93.5 | 0.126/87.4 | – | |
| Black Sea | 0.175/82.5 | 0.144/85.6 | 0.177/82.3 | 0.099/90.1 | – |
| Southeast Anatolia | 0.181/81.9 | 0.232/76.8 | 0.106/89.4 | 0.149/85.1 | 0.164/83.6 |
Pairwise population differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) between Anatolian fig populations.
| Populations ( |
Aegean | Central Anatolia | Mediterranean | Marmara | Black Sea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean | – | ||||
| Central Anatolia | 0.035 |
– | |||
| Mediterranean | 0.067 |
0.067 |
– | ||
| Marmara | 0.024 |
0.007ns/31.23 | 0.048 |
– | |
| Black Sea | 0.078 |
0.043 |
0.068 |
0.037 |
– |
| Southeast Anatolia | 0.71 |
0.069 |
0.028 |
0.048 |
0.054 |