Ecological and trophic determination of the ontogenesis in vitro plants of the genus Betula

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The influence of cultivation conditions on the adaptation of birch plants in vitro on the 14th and 30th days of cultivation

Adaptation conditions	Basis of the substrate	Shoot height, cm		Root length, cm
		Royal Frost	Jacquemontii	Royal Frost	Jacquemontii
14th day of cultivation
Wet chamber	peat	8.8±0.60	7.3±0.55	3.2±0.41	3.0±0.30
	perlite	9.7±0.72	7.8±0.62	3.6±0.49	3.0±0.42
Bioreactor	peat	20.1±1.91	17.6±1.31	19.3±1.65	13.4±1.17
	perlite	23.1±2.10	18.4±1.76	20.6±1.72	15.7±1.22
30th day of cultivation
Wet chamber	peat	15.3±1.13	11.7±0.81	7.7±0.51	6.4±0.30
	perlite	16.1±1.33	12.9±1.15	12.6±1.12	9.8±0.72
Bioreactor	peat	39.6±2.31	32.1±2.32	29.7±2.33	23.3±1.93
	perlite	45.4±3.48	33.7±2.64	33.0±2.84	27.6±2.44

The influence of the age of donor plants on the features of decontamination and morphogenesis of primary birch explants in the MS medium

Index	Variety	Age, years
		1	3	7
Decontamination efficiency, %	royal frost	31.4±4.09	23.2±3.11	14.1±2.07
	jacquemontii	19.5±1.99	11.4±2.01	7.4±1.86
Morphogenesis of explants, %	royal frost	11.9±2.02	9.0±1.98	6.1±2.02
	jacquemontii	6.3±0.98	5.1±0.88	3.3±1.07

Influence of growing conditions of annual donor plants on features of decontamination and morphogenesis of primary birch explants in the MS medium

Index	Variety	Field conditions	Depository
Decontamination efficiency, %	royal frost	30.4±4.01	47.7±5.13
	jacquemontii	21.2±3.12	39.5±4.32
Morphogenesis of explants, %	royal frost	10.2±2.08	23.3±3.22
	jacquemontii	7.1±0.89	17.2±3.06

Dynamics of morphogenesis of birch explants on different media

Index	Variety	Media
		MS		MS1/2
		age, years
		1	5	1	5	7
Decontamination efficiency, %	royal frost	2.1±0.21	1.3±0.08	2.2±0.30	1.7±0.11	1.5±0.09
	jacquemontii	1.6±0.10	1.1± 0.06	1.7±0.11	1.5±0.08	1.5±0.10
Morphogenesis of explants, %	royal frost	39.5±3.09	12.1± 1.41	47±3.20	41.4±2.91	36.5±2.73
	jacquemontii	33.2±2.82	11.0± 1.22	38±2.73	32.6±2.43	27.5±2.64

The influence of combinations of nutrient media on shoot formation in birch regenerants during long-term cultivation

Option	Index
	height of a shoot, mm		number of nodes, pcs.
	...WPM–WPM...	...MS1/2–WPM...	...WPM–WPM...	... MS1/2–WPM...
Variety Royal Frost	36.3±2.21	75.5±3.84	4.1±1.59	9.1±1.99
Variety Jacquemontii	29.4±1.98	65.2±3.32	3.3±1.42	7.4±2.43

Biometric indicators of birch regenerants on different nutrient media

Index	Cutting	Medium
		MS	MS1/2	DKW	QL	WPM
Royal Frost
The number of microshoots in the conglomerate, pcs	first	2.0±0.21	2.2±0.17	1.9±0.14	1.8±0.21	3.9±0.10
	fifth	1.3±0.18	1.7±0.31	1.8±0.30	1.8±0.33	4.1±0.22
Height of regenerants, mm	first	36.2±3.3	47.4±4.2	44.4±5.12	32.0±0.29	63.8±4.1
	fifth	31.1±2.90	41.1± 4.3	32.8±3.42	28.4±3.1	61.6±4.4
The number of internodes in the main shoot of regenerates, pcs	first	2.4±0.21	2.9±0.11	2.7±0.40	2.3±0.22	3.6±0.10
	fifth	1.7±0.18	2.3±0.16	1.3±0.31	2.1±0.19	3.5±0.08
Jacquemontii
The number of microshoots in the conglomerate, pcs	first	1.4±0.22	1.7±0.19	2.0±0.11	2.2±0.21	3.7±0.29
	fifth	1.1±0.28	1.5±0.30	1.6±0.21	1.7±0.27	3.6±0.20
Height of regenerants, mm	first	32.3±3.1	38.6±5.5	41.2±3.3	30.4±3.1	59.9±3.6
	fifth	21.2±2.4	32.6±4.8	27.7±2.4	25.3±2.2	62.8±3.4
The number of internodes in the main shoot of regenerates, pcs	first	2.1±0.16	2.6±0.24	2.2±0.13	1.9±0.21	3.3±0.20
	fifth	1.3±0.15	1.8±0.19	1.1±0.15	1.8±0.22	3.4±0.18

The influence of combinations of nutrient media on the features of rhizogenesis of birch regenerants during long-term cultivation

Option	Index
	the length of the root system, mm		number of roots, pcs.
	...WPM–WPM...	...MS1/2–WPM...	...WPM–WPM...	...MS1/2–WPM...
Variety Royal Frost	36±3	69±4	2±1	7±2
Variety Jacquemontii	11±3	37±3	5±2	14±2

Influence of the origin of primary bud explants on the features of decontamination and morphogenesis

Index	Variety	Bud
		apical	medial	basal
Decontamination efficiency, %	royal frost	49.8±5.46	56.7±6.32	13.5±3.98
	jacquemontii	38.3±4.05	48.5±5.23	9.1±2.86
Morphogenesis of explants, %	royal frost	20.3±3.11	31.3±4.21	6.4±1.88
	jacquemontii	16.6±3.16	27.6±3.09	3.21±2.01

Decontamination and morphogenesis of primary birch explants with various antiseptics

Index	Variety	NaClO	AgNO3	C2H5OH	Blanidas 300
Decontamination efficiency, %	royal frost	56±6	–	–	78±5
	jacquemontii	48±5	–	–	69±5
Morphogenesis of explants, %	royal frost	31±4	–	–	54±3
	jacquemontii	27±3	–	–	51±3