Change in the productivity of stands of the spruce (Picea abies L.) mountain Carpathian forests district over a 70-year period
, , und | 15. Juni 2024
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Article Category: Original Article
Online veröffentlicht: 15. Juni 2024
Seitenbereich: 61 - 71
Eingereicht: 05. Apr. 2023
Akzeptiert: 20. Feb. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2024-0006
Schlüsselwörter
© 2024 Stepan Myklush et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Distribution of areas covered with forest vegetation by tree species
| Tree species | The area as of 1952, ha | Area share, % | The area as of 2021, ha | Area share, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common pine ( |
– | – | 1.1 | – |
| European spruce ( |
33,682.0 | 81.7 | 26,372.4 | 74.6 |
| Silver fir ( |
395.0 | 1.0 | 61.9 | 0.2 |
| European larch ( |
3.0 | 20.2 | 0.1 | |
| European beech ( |
7146.0 | 17.3 | 8547.9 | 24.2 |
| Carpathian walnut ( |
3.0 | – | – | – |
| Common oak ( |
1.0 | – | 2.5 | – |
| Northern red oak ( |
– | – | 13.7 | – |
| European hornbeam ( |
– | – | 247.4 | 0.7 |
| European ash ( |
– | – | 5.4 | – |
| Sycamore ( |
– | – | 23.3 | 0.1 |
| Scots elm ( |
– | – | 0.7 | – |
| Eurasian aspen ( |
– | – | 4.2 | – |
| Grey alder ( |
– | – | 45.2 | 0.1 |
| Small-leaved lime ( |
– | – | 7.3 | – |
| Crack willow ( |
– | – | 0.8 | – |
| Swiss pine ( |
– | – | 0.5 | – |
| Douglas fir ( |
– | – | 3.7 | – |
| In total | 41,230.0 | 100.0 | 35,358.2 | 100.0 |
Average management indices of forest stands of ‘Rakhiv Experimental Forestry’ as of 1 January 2021
| The dominant tree species in the stand | Age, years | Site index class | Relative completeness | Volume per 1 ha, m3 | The average change in volume per 1 ha of areas covered with forest vegetation, m3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Areas covered with forest vegetation | Mature and overmature stands | |||||
| European spruce | 70 | 1b.9 | 0.71 | 433 | 459 | 6.2 |
| Silver fir | 126 | 1a.2 | 0.63 | 501 | 559 | 4.0 |
| European larch | 78 | 1b.3 | 0.54 | 287 | 518 | 3.7 |
| European beech | 111 | 1.2 | 0.63 | 307 | 325 | 2.8 |
| European hornbeam | 36 | 2.8 | 0.66 | 80 | 153 | 2,2 |
| Grey alder | 32 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 97 | 167 | 3.0 |
| Douglas fir | 110 | 1b.0 | 0.38 | 424 | 424 | 3.8 |
| In total | 80 | 1a.2 | 0,69 | 399 | 416 | 5.0 |
Average management indices of forest stands of ‘Rakhiv Forestry Enterprise’ based on the materials of 1951–1952
| The dominant tree species in the stand | Average indicators | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | Site index, class | Completeness | Volume, m3/ha | Average volume change, m3/ha | |
| Special forestry unit | |||||
| European spruce | 57 | Ia, 4 | 0.76 | 363 | 6.2 |
| Silver fir | 103 | Ia, 2 | 0.69 | 610 | 6.2 |
| European beech | 107 | I, 8 | 0.69 | 218 | 2.6 |
| The production part along the railway tracks | |||||
| European spruce | 27 | I, 0 | 0.81 | 123 | 4.5 |
| European beech | 84 | I, 9 | 0.66 | 246 | 3.4 |
| Protective grazing forests | |||||
| European spruce | 133 | II, 0 | 0.64 | 489 | 3.7 |
| Silver fir | 111 | I, 7 | 0.73 | 492 | 4.8 |
| European beech | 138 | II, 5 | 0.6 | 264 | 1.9 |
| Green forestry unit | |||||
| European spruce | 87 | I, 1 | 0.71 | 281 | 5.7 |
| Silver fir | 70 | Ia, 7 | 0.66 | 427 | 6.1 |
| European larch | 130 | Ia, 0 | 0.6 | 640 | 4.9 |
| European beech | 50 | I, 8 | 0.68 | 134 | 2.9 |
| On average per enterprise | |||||
| European spruce | 68 | Ia, 7 | 0.75 | 377 | 5.8 |
| Silver fir | 90 | Ia, 7 | 0.68 | 502 | 5.9 |
| European larch | 130 | Ia, 0 | 0.6 | 640 | 4.9 |
| European beech | 102 | I, 9 | 0.61 | 152 | 2.5 |
A fragment of the research yield table for spruce stands of the site index class I
| Age | Height, m | The sum of cross-sectional areas, m2/ha | Volume, m3/ha |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 6.5 | 26.2 | 101 |
| 40 | 20.0 | 34.3 | 359 |
| 60 | 30.0 | 45.5 | 661 |
| 80 | 35.0 | 57.6 | 944 |
| 100 | 38.0 | 61.9 | 1062 |
| 120 | 39.5 | 65.8 | 1168 |
| 140 | 40.5 | 66.9 | 1211 |