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Genetic diversity of the Carpathian capercaillie in space and time

Anna Santorek
Anna Santorek
, 
Paweł Armatys
Paweł Armatys
, 
Barbara Pregler
Barbara Pregler
, 
Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica
Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica
, 
Zbigniew Żurek
Zbigniew Żurek
, 
Paweł Hotała
Paweł Hotała
, 
Wojciech Brozik
Wojciech Brozik
 und 
Robert Rutkowski
Robert Rutkowski
   | 08. März 2024
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Article Category: Short Communication
Online veröffentlicht: 08. März 2024
Seitenbereich: 46 - 60
Eingereicht: 29. Okt. 2023
Akzeptiert: 30. Nov. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2024-0005
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© 2024 Anna Santorek et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Map of the distribution of the capercaillie in Poland, with particular emphasis on the Carpathian subpopulations covered by this study. The estimated number of individuals was based on data from the work of Zawadzka et al. (2019)
Map of the distribution of the capercaillie in Poland, with particular emphasis on the Carpathian subpopulations covered by this study. The estimated number of individuals was based on data from the work of Zawadzka et al. (2019)

Figure 2.

Results of analysis in STRUCTURE. In bar plots each individual is represented by a vertical bar partitioned into segments. The length of each segment describes the estimated membership proportions to each of the genetic clusters. Although ΔK suggested division into two clusters, the bar plot for K = 3 (corresponding to the number of geographical groups) was also presented. Abbreviations of groups (subpopulations) as in Table 1. A – results of analysis in STRUCTURE based on total (cumulative for both periods) number of unique genotypes in each subpopulation; B - results of analysis in STRUCTURE based on unique genotypes from both periods independently in 3 subpopulations; C – results of analysis in STRUCTURE based on unique genotypes identified independently for each period in each subpopulation
Results of analysis in STRUCTURE. In bar plots each individual is represented by a vertical bar partitioned into segments. The length of each segment describes the estimated membership proportions to each of the genetic clusters. Although ΔK suggested division into two clusters, the bar plot for K = 3 (corresponding to the number of geographical groups) was also presented. Abbreviations of groups (subpopulations) as in Table 1. A – results of analysis in STRUCTURE based on total (cumulative for both periods) number of unique genotypes in each subpopulation; B - results of analysis in STRUCTURE based on unique genotypes from both periods independently in 3 subpopulations; C – results of analysis in STRUCTURE based on unique genotypes identified independently for each period in each subpopulation

Figure 3.

Results of DAPC analysis. DAPCs are shown for the first (x-axis) and the second (y-axis) discriminant function. Abbreviations of groups (subpopulations) as in Table 1. A – results of DAPC analysis based on unique genotypes in each subpopulation in each period; B – results of DAPC analysis based on unique genotypes identified in 2010–2013; C – results of DAPC analysis based on unique genotypes identified in 2021–2022
Results of DAPC analysis. DAPCs are shown for the first (x-axis) and the second (y-axis) discriminant function. Abbreviations of groups (subpopulations) as in Table 1. A – results of DAPC analysis based on unique genotypes in each subpopulation in each period; B – results of DAPC analysis based on unique genotypes identified in 2010–2013; C – results of DAPC analysis based on unique genotypes identified in 2021–2022

Information about the collected biological material and basic measures of genetic diversity, determined on the basis of polymorphism of 9 microsatellite loci.

GOR TAT BAB GORT TATT BABT Total
GOld GNew TOld TNew BOld BNew Both periods
Ncol 346 156 221 179 204 200 520 400 404 1324
Nsuc 227 102 117 99 127 117 329 216 244 789
Nind 44 21 28 39 35 29 64 66 64 194
Na 3.89 3.78 5.56 5.22 4.78 5.33 4.33 5.67 5.78 6.55
R 3.77 3.78 5.55 4.91 4.66 5.05 3.73 5.14 4.76 –
Pa 0.111 0.111 1.111 0.444 0.333 0.333 0.111 0.565 0.565 –
Ho 0.593 0.608 0.671 0.641 0.578 0.617 0.598 0.653 0.595 0.616
He 0.583 0.591 0.669 0.629 0.616 0.660 0.590 0.653 0.649 0.654
HWE 0.009 0.052 0.445 0.068 0.132 0.303 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 <0.001
Fis −0.007 −0.005 0.015 −0.006 0.077 0.083 −0.005 0.007 0.090 0.060*

Among-population genetic differentiation based on pairwise Fst sensu Weir and Cockerham [1984]. All Fst values are significant after Bonferroni correction, except of values shown in dark grey. Abbreviation of comparing groups of samples as in Table 1

GOld TNew TOld BNew BOld
GNew 0.0013 0.0435 0.0557 0.0794 0.0843
GOld 0.0372 0.0515 0.0631 0.0672
TNew 0.0083 0.0415 0.0383
TOld 0.0258 0.0211
BNew 0.0229
GORT TATT
TATT 0.0426
BABT 0.0647 0.0251
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