This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Aiyar, Sh., Ebeke, Ch. & Shao, X. (2016). The Impact of Workforce Aging on European Productivity. [IMF Working Paper WP/16/238]. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.Search in Google Scholar
Ananian, S. & Dellaferrera, G. (2024). Employment and wage disparities between rural and urban areas [ILO working paper; 107]. Geneva: ILO. DOI: 10.54394/LNZT9066.Search in Google Scholar
Anić, A. (2019). Aktivnost žena, rodni jaz u zaradama i zamka neaktivnosti i nezaposlenosti [PhD thesis]. University of Belgrade.Search in Google Scholar
Arandarenko, M., Žarković Rakić, J. & Vladisavljević, M. (2012). Od neaktivnosti do zaposlenosti: analiza uticaja javnih politika i faktora koji utiču na neaktivnost. Belgrade: Fond za razvoj ekonomske nauke.Search in Google Scholar
Babović, M. (2016). Indeks rodne ravnopravnosti u Republici Srbiji. Merenje rodne ravnopravnosti u Srbiji 2014. godine. Belgrade: Team for social inclusion and poverty reduction.Search in Google Scholar
Baranowska-Rataj, A. & Matysiak, A. (2016). The Causal Effects of the Number of Children on Female Employment – Do European Institutional and Gender Conditions Matter? Journal of Labor Research, 37, 343–367. DOI: 10.1007/s12122-016-9231-6.Search in Google Scholar
Bhalotra, S. & Umaña-Aponte, M. (2010). The Dynamics of Women’s Labour Supply in Developing Countries [Discussion Paper No. 4879]. Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor.Search in Google Scholar
Beker, K., Janjić, B. & Čović, A. (2023). Izveštaj o pravima žena i rodnoj ravnopravnosti u Srbiji za 2023. godinu. Pančevo: Association of women Femplatz.Search in Google Scholar
Besamusca, J., Tijdens, K., Keune, M. & Steinmetz, S. (2015). Working Women Worldwide. Age Effects in Female Labor Force Participation in 117 Countries. World Development 74, 123–141. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.04.015.Search in Google Scholar
Bogdanov, N., Meredith, D. & Efstratoglou, S. (2008). A typology of rural areas in Serbia. Economic Annals 177, 7–29. DOI: 10.2298/EKA08177007B.Search in Google Scholar
Božić, D. (2011). Employment of the rural population in Serbia. Ekonomika Poljoprivrede, 58 (Special number), 79–103.Search in Google Scholar
Bradaš, S., Petovar, K. & Savić, G. (2018). Žene na selu – od nevidljivosti do razvojnog potencijala. Belgrade: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.Search in Google Scholar
Card, D. & Hyslop, D. R. (2021). Female Earnings Inequality: The Changing Role of Family Characteristics and Its Effect on the Extensive and Intensive Margins. Journal of Labor Economics 39(S1). DOI: 10.1086/711368.Search in Google Scholar
Cardella, G. M., Hernández-Sánchez, B. R. & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2020). Women Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review to Outline the Boundaries of Scientific Literature. Frontiers in Psychology 11, 1557. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01557.Search in Google Scholar
Clark, R., Ramsbey, W. T. & Stier Adler, E. (1991). Culture, Gender, and Labor Force Participation: A Cross-National Study. Gender and Society 5(1), 47–66.Search in Google Scholar
Copus, A., Psaltopoulos, D., Skuras, D., Terluin, I. & Weingarten, P. (2008). Approaches to Rural Typology in the European Union. Luxembourg (Luxembourg): Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.Search in Google Scholar
Craig, L. & Churchill, B. (2021). Working and Caring at Home: Gender Differences in the Effects of Covid-19 on Paid and Unpaid Labor in Australia. Feminist Economics 27(1–2), 310–326. DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1831039.Search in Google Scholar
Chatterjee, U., Murgai, R. & Rama, M. (2015). Job Opportunities along the Rural-Urban Gradation and Female Labor Force Participation in India [Policy Research Working Paper 7412]. Washington, DC: The World Bank.Search in Google Scholar
Cvejić, S., Babović, M., Petrović, M., Bogdanov, N. & Vuković, O. (2010). Socijalna isključenost u ruralnim oblastima Srbije]. Belgrade: UNDP Serbia, Sector for Inclusive Development.Search in Google Scholar
Dijkstra, L. & Poelman, H. (2014). A harmonized definition of cities and rural areas: the new degree of urbanization [Regional Working Paper 1/2014]. Brussel: EC.Search in Google Scholar
Dixon, R. (1982). Women in Agriculture: Counting the Labor Force in Developing Countries. Population and Development Review 8(3), 539–566. DOI: 10.237/1972379.Search in Google Scholar
Drobnjaković, M. (2019). Razvojna uloga ruralnih naselja centralne Srbije 95(Special issue). Belgrade: Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA.Search in Google Scholar
Drobnjaković, M., Panić, M., Kokotović Kanazir, V. & Javor, V. (2022). Spatial aspects of labor force formation: the interrelation of cohort turnover and net migration in Serbia. Eurasian Geography and Economics 63(4), 543–559. DOI: 10.1080/15387216.2022.2052136.Search in Google Scholar
Drobnjaković, M., Panić, M. & Đorđević, J. (2016). Traditional undeveloped municipalities in Serbia as a result of regional inequality. European Planning Studies 24(5), 926–949. DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2015.1129396.Search in Google Scholar
Drobnjaković, M. & Steinführer, A. (2024). Re-thinking rurality: Towards a new research approach and rural-urban spatial gradient establishment in Serbia. Applied Geography 163(2), 103195. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103195.Search in Google Scholar
Drobnjaković, M. & Panić, M. (2024). Introduction of the Approach for Reviving the Sub-Municipal Level as a Spatial Aspect of Decentralization in Serbia. Land 13(6), 752. DOI: 10.3390/land13060752.Search in Google Scholar
Durant, J. (1975). The Labor Force in Economic Development. Princeton University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Đorđević, J. & Panić, M. (2007). Underdeveloped Areas-South Morava Region. Journal of the Geographical Institute „Jovan Cvijić“ SASA 56, 39–57.Search in Google Scholar
Ferrant, G. & Thim, A. (2019). Measuring women’s economic empowerment: Time use data and gender inequality. [OECD Development Policy Papers, No. 16]. Paris: OECD Publishing. DOI: 10.1787/02e538fc-en.Search in Google Scholar
Fortin, N. M. (2005). Gender role attitudes and the labour-market outcomes of women across OECD Countries. Oxford Review of Economic Policy 21(3), 416–438. DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/gri024.Search in Google Scholar
Fuguitt, G. V. (1991). Commuting and the rural-urban hierarchy. Journal of Rural Studies 7(4), 459– 466. DOI: 10.1016/3743-0167(91)9009-H.Search in Google Scholar
Gajić, A., Krunić, N. & Protić, B. (2018). Towards a new methodological framework for the delimitation of rural and urban areas: a case study of Serbia. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 118(2), 1–13. DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2018.1503551.Search in Google Scholar
Ghio, D., Natale, F. & Goujon, A. (2021). Demographic changes in labour force supply: cohort turnover versus net migration effects. In Goujon, A., ed., The demographic landscape of EU territories: challenges and opportunities in diversely ageing regions (pp. 31–43). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. DOI: 10.2760/658945, JRC123046.Search in Google Scholar
Godlin, C. (1995). The U-Shaped Female Labor Force Function in Economic Development and Economic History. In Schultz, T. P., ed., Investment in Women’s Human Capital and Economic Development (pp. 61–90). University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar
González, F. A. I. & Virdis, J. M. (2021). Global development and female labour force participation: evidence from a multidimensional perspective. Journal of Gender Studies 31(3), 289–305. DOI: 10.1080/09589236.2021.1949581.Search in Google Scholar
Hakim, C. (2000). Research design: Successful designs for social and economic research. London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar
Hafeez, A. & Ahmad, E. (2002). Factors determining the labour force participation decision of educated married women in a district of Punjab. Pakistan Economic and Social Review 40(1), 75–88.Search in Google Scholar
Hay, K. (2002). Rural Indicators and Rural Development [Final Report]. European Union (Jan. 2001– March 2002).Search in Google Scholar
Heath, R., Bernhardt, A., Borker, G., Fitzpatrick, A., Keats, A., McKelway, M., Menzel, A., Molina, T., Sharma, G. (2024). Female Labour Force Participation. VoxDevLit, 11(1).Search in Google Scholar
Hechavarria, M. D., Bullough, A., Brush, C. & Edelman, F. L. (2019). High Growth Women’s Entrepreneurship: Fueling Social and Economic Development. Journal of Small Business Management 57(1), 5–13. DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12503.Search in Google Scholar
Jayachandran, S. (2021). Social Norms as a Barrier to Women’s Employment in Developing Countries. IMF Economic Review, 69, 576–595. DOI: 10.3386/w27449.Search in Google Scholar
Jelić, S. & Jovanović, T. (2015). Determinante siromaštva i nezaposlenosti u ruralnim područjima Srbije [Determinants of poverty and unemployment in rural areas of Serbia]. Sociološki godišnjak 10, 159–174.Search in Google Scholar
Jelić, S., Jovanović, T., Dragićević, A. (2020). Zaposlenost u urbanim i ruralnim područjima Srbije. In Krstić, B., ed., Proceedings Selo i Poljoprivreda (pp. 229–244). Bijeljina: University of Bijeljina.Search in Google Scholar
Jensen, P. (2017). Cause and effects of female labour force participation in local welfare systems. Introduction. European Societies 19(2), 121–137. DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2016.1268706.Search in Google Scholar
Jokić, V., Dželebdžić, O. & Petovar, K. (2015). Human capital and its spatial distribution as limiting factors for balanced development of Serbia. Spatium 34, 46–55. DOI: 10.2298/SPAT15340461.Search in Google Scholar
Kabeer, N. (1996). Agency, Well-Being and Discrimination: Reflections on the Gender Dimensions of Poverty. IDS Bulletin 27(1), 11–21. DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-5436.1996.mp27001002.x.Search in Google Scholar
Kadić Abaz, A. & Hadžić, A. (2020). Economic activity of women and young women in Bosnia and Herzegovina under the umbrella of traditional views of women’s role in society. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 33(1), 2591–2605. DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2020.1751671.Search in Google Scholar
Kapsos, S., Bourmpoula, E. & Silberman, A. (2014). Why is Female Labour Force Participation Declining so Sharply in India? [ILO research paper No. 10]. Geneva: ILO.Search in Google Scholar
Karshenas, M. & Moghadam, V. M. (2021). Women’s employment and labour force participation: Puzzles, problems and research needs. In Hakimian, H., ed., The Routledge Handbook on the Middle East Economy (pp. 92–108). London: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315103969.Search in Google Scholar
Klasen, S., Le, T. T. N., Pieters, J. & Santos Silva, M. (2020). What Drives Female Labour Force Participation? Comparable Micro-level Evidence from Eight Developing and Emerging Economies. The Journal of Development Studies 57(3), 417–442. DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2020.1790533.Search in Google Scholar
Kokotović Kanazir, V., Panić, M. & Drobnjaković, M. (2024a). Spatial Distribution of Human Capital in Serbia: Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education. In Zafeiris, K. N., Kotzamanis, B., Skiadas, C., eds., Population Studies in the Western Balkans (pp. 179–210). Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-53088-3_8.Search in Google Scholar
Kokotović Kanazir, V., Panić, M. & Drobnjaković, M. (2024b). Value of people – human capital in Serbia through the prism of educational attainment of young population. Stanovništvo 62(S1), 105– 129. DOI: 10.59954/stnv.625.Search in Google Scholar
Korotayev, A. V., Issaev, L. M. & Shishkina, A. R. (2014). Female labor force participation rate, Islam, and Arab culture in cross-cultural perspective. Cross-Cultural Research 49(1), 3–19. DOI: 10.1177/1069397114536126.Search in Google Scholar
Lari, N., Awadalla, A., Al-Ansari, M. & Elmaghraby, E. (2022). Determinants of female labor force participation: implications for policy in Qatar. Cogent Social Sciences 8(1). DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2022.2130223.Search in Google Scholar
Lechman, E. & Kaur, H. (2015). Economic growth and female labor force participation – verifying the U-feminization hypothesis. New evidence for 162 countries over the period 1990–2012. Economics and Sociology 8(1), 246–257. DOI: 10.14254/2071- 789X.2015/8-1/19.Search in Google Scholar
Leschke, J. & Jepsen, M. (2011). Can transitional labour markets contribute to a less traditional gender division of labour? Journal of Economic and Social Policy 14(1), Art. 7.Search in Google Scholar
Lichter, D. (1989). Underemployment and the utilization of labor in rural America. University Park: Pennsylvania State University.Search in Google Scholar
MacDonald, H. & Peters, H. A. (1996). Distance and Labor Force Participation: Implications for Urban and Rural Women. In Women’s Travel Issues (pp. 55–78). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation.Search in Google Scholar
Majid, H. & Siegmann, A. K. (2021). The Effects of Growth on Women's Employment in Pakistan. Feminist Economics 27(4), 29–61. DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2021.1942512.Search in Google Scholar
Marenković, V. & Palić, P. (2014). Human resources and women labor potential – a crucial resource to overcome the effects of the crisis. Education for entrepreneurship – E4E: International Journal of Education for Entrepreneurship 4(2), 87–95.Search in Google Scholar
Marcus, R. & Harper, C. (2015). How do gender norms change? London: Overseas Development Institute.Search in Google Scholar
Martinović, M. & Ratkaj, I. (2015). Sustainable rural development in Serbia: Towards a quantitative typology of rural areas. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 10(3), 37–48.Search in Google Scholar
Mulugeta, G. & Tajani, F. (2021). The role and determinants of women labor force participation for household poverty reduction in Debre Birhan town, North Shewa zone, Ethiopia. Cogent Economics & Finance 9(1), 1892927. DOI: 10.1080/23322039.2021.1892927.Search in Google Scholar
Njegovan, Z., Pejanović, R. & Petrović, D. (2008). Regionalization of rural areas in AP Vojvodina – problems in definition of rural areas. Agroekonomika (39–40), 5–17.Search in Google Scholar
Nikolić, M. & Petovar, K. (2015). Ruralni razvoj na lokalnom nivou. In Miščević, T., Mirić, O., Filipović, D., Petovar, K., Nikolić, M., Ružić, B., Spirić, D. & Vujović, M., eds., Lokalne samouprave i pristupni pregovori (pp. 51–69). Belgrade: Fondation Centar for Democracy.Search in Google Scholar
Panić, M., Drobnjaković, M., Stanojević, G., Kokotović Kanazir, V. & Doljak, D. (2022). Nighttime lights – Innovative approach for identification of temporal and spatial changes in population distribution. Journal of the Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA 72(1), 51–66. DOI: 10.2298/IJGI2201051P.Search in Google Scholar
Pantić, M. (2016). SILC i tipologija naselja: Statistička analiza opravdanosti trihotomne podele naselja. Belgrade: Team for social inclusion and poverty reduction, Government of the Republic of Serbia; UNDP.Search in Google Scholar
Pantović, J., Bradaš, S. & Petovar, K. (2017). Položaj žena na tržištu rada. Belgrade: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.Search in Google Scholar
Perišić D. (1985). O urbocentrizmu, diskontinuitetu i planiranju. Pogledi 15(4), 41–51.Search in Google Scholar
Petovar, K. (2003). Naši gradovi između države i građanina. Belgrade: Faculty of Geography.Search in Google Scholar
Psacharopoulos, G. & Tzannatos, Z. (1989). Female Labor Force Participation: An International Perspective. The World Bank Research Observer 4(2), 187–201.Search in Google Scholar
Pudar Draško, G., Ćeriman, J. & Resanović, M. (2016). Pristup zapošljavanju i obrazovanju u ruralnim oblastima Srbije. In Milutinović Bojanić, S., Ćeriman, J., Pavić Zentner, V., eds., Siromaštvo, ruralnost, rod: Istraživanje funkcionisanja sistema socijalne zaštite u ruralnim oblastima Srbije (pp. 65–85). Belgrade: Centar za etiku, pravo i primenjenu filozofiju: Institut za filozofiju i društvenu teoriju Univerziteta u Beogradu.Search in Google Scholar
Radivojević, B. (2015). Ekonomske strukture stanovništva. In Nikitović, V., ed., Populacija Srbije početkom 21. veka (pp. 222–261). Belgrade: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.Search in Google Scholar
Reichelt, M., Makovi, K. & Sargsyan, A. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on gender inequality in the labor market and gender-role attitudes. European Societies 23(S1), S228–S245. DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2020.1823010.Search in Google Scholar
Savić, M. & Mihajlović-Mihić, S. (2010). Variations on the European labor markets from gender point of view. Stanovništvo 48(2), 53–74.Search in Google Scholar
Seguino, S. (2000). Accounting for Gender in Asian Economic Growth. Feminist Economics 6(3), 27–58. DOI: 10.1080/135457000750020128.Search in Google Scholar
Schultz, T. (1988). Education investments and returns. Handbook of development economics 1, 543– 630. DOI: 10.1016/S1573-4471(88)01016-2.Search in Google Scholar
Spierings, N., Smits, J. & Verloo, M. (2010). Micro- and macrolevel determinants of women’s employment in six Arab countries. Journal of Marriage and Family 72(5), 1391–1407. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00772.x.Search in Google Scholar
Tsani, S., Paroussos, L. & Fragiadakis, C. (2012). Female Labour Force Participation and Economic Development in Southern Mediterranean Countries: What scenarios for 2030? [MEDPRO Technical Report]. Sunrise, FL: MedPro.Search in Google Scholar
EU Commission (2005). Handbook on rural household, livelihood and well-being: Statistics on rural development and agriculture household income. CES/AC.61/2005/9. Geneva: European Commission.Search in Google Scholar
European Commission & Statistical Office of the European Union (2021). Applying the Degree of Urbanisation. A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons. Dijekstra, L., Brandmüller, T., Kemper, T., Khan, A. A., INFORMA & Veneri, P. (Eds.) European Union/FAO/UN-Habitat/OECD/World Bank. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. DOI: 10.2785/71043. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/15348338/KS-02-20-499-EN-N.pdf/0d412b58-046f-750b-0f48-7134f1a3a4c2?t=1669111363941.Search in Google Scholar
EU Commission (2013). Rural Development in the EU Statistical and Economic Information Report 2013. European Commission, Statistical Office of the European Union. (https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sites/agriculture/files/statistics/rural-development/2013/full-text_en.pdf).Search in Google Scholar
Eurostat (2010). A revised urban-rural typology European Commission, Statistical Office of the European Union. (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/5726181/KS-HA-10-001-15-EN.PDF/5499ee07-b61e-4615-9631-ed76e2a31f81?version=1.0).Search in Google Scholar
Eurostat (2021). Applying the degree of urbanisation a new international manual for defining cities, towns and rural areas 2021 edition. European Commission, Statistical Office of the European Union.Search in Google Scholar
Eurostat (2024a). Employment and activity by sex and age – quarterly data. Online data code: lfsi_emp_q. DOI:10.2908/lfsi_emp_q. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfsi_emp_q/default/table?lang=en.Search in Google Scholar
Eurostat (2024b). Population by educational attainment level, sex, age and degree of urbanisation (%). Online data code: edat_lfs_9913. DOI: 10.2908/edat_lfs_9913. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/edat_lfs_9913/default/table?lang=en.Search in Google Scholar
Eurostat (2024c). Employment rates by sex, age and degree of urbanisation (%). Online data code: lfst_r_ergau. DOI: 10.2908/lfst_r_ergau. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfst_r_ergau/default/table?lang=en.Search in Google Scholar
FAO (2017). The State of Food and Agriculture 2017: Leveraging Food Systems for Inclusive Rural Transformation. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Rome. http://www.fao.org/3/a-I7658e.pdf.Search in Google Scholar
GRS (2010). Spatial plan of the Republic of Serbia 2010-2014-2021. Official Gazette of the RS, No. 24/10. Belgrade: Government of the Republic of Serbia.Search in Google Scholar
GRS (2011). The National programme of rural development of the Republic of Serbia. Official gazette RS, No. 5/11. Belgrade: Government of the Republic of Serbia.Search in Google Scholar
ILO (2013). Decent work indicators: guidelines for producers and users of statistical and legal framework indicators: ILO manual: second version /Geneva: International Labour Office.Search in Google Scholar
ILO (2023). World employment and social outlook – Trends 2023. Geneva: International Labour Office.Search in Google Scholar
NES (2019). Podaci o nezaposlenim licima [Data on unemployed persons]. Special processing. National Employment Service.Search in Google Scholar
OECD (1994). Creating rural indicators for shaping territorial policy. Paris.Search in Google Scholar
OECD (2011). OECD Regional Typology. Directorate for Governance and Territorial Development. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/OECD_regional_typology_Nov2012.pdf.Search in Google Scholar
OECD (2021). Labour force (indicator). Paris: OECD Publishing. Accessed on 19 September 2021. DOI: 10.1787/ef2e7159-en.Search in Google Scholar
ONEP (2012). European rural futures. Final definition and delineation of rural areas in Central Europe. Budapest: Office for National Economic Planning (ONEP). Department of Strategic and Spatial Planning and Evaluation, Unit for International Territorial Cooperation and Urban Strategy.Search in Google Scholar
QGIS Version 3.16.5. 2020. Available online: https://qgis.org/en/site/forusers/download.html.Search in Google Scholar
RASP (2011). Program implementacije Prostornog plana Republike Srbije od 2010. do 2020. godine, za period od 2011. do 2015. [Implementation program of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia from 2010 to 2020, for the period from 2011 to 2015]. Belgrade: Republic Agency for Spatial Planning; Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning.Search in Google Scholar
SORS (2020a). Municipalities and Regions of the Republic of Serbia, 2019. Belgrade: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.Search in Google Scholar
SORS (2020b). Bulletin. Labor Force Survey in the Republic of Serbia, No. 658. Belgrade: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.Search in Google Scholar
SORS (2021). Bulletin. Labor Force Survey in the Republic of Serbia, No. 671. Belgrade: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.Search in Google Scholar
United Nations (UN) (2015). Draft Outcome Document of the United Nations Summit for the Adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda. A/69/L85. New York: UN, General Assembly.Search in Google Scholar