[1. Alaejos, M.S., J.H. Auala, V. Gonzalez, and A.M. Afonso: Analytical Methods Applied to the Determination of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Foods; J. Chromatogr. B 862 (2008) 15–42.]Search in Google Scholar
[2. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Some Naturally Occurring Substances: Food Items and Constituents, Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Mycotoxins, IARC Monographs of the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans; IARC, Lyon, France, IARC Monograph 56 (1993) 165–244.]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Turesky, R.J., J. Taylor, L. Schnackenberg, J.P. Freeman, and R.D. Holland: Quantitation of Carcinogenic Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines and Detection of Novel Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Cooked Meats and Grill Scrapings by HPLC/ESI-ESI; J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 (2005) 3248–3258.]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in Tobacco Products and Tobacco Smoke, Established List; Federal Register 77(64) (2012) 20034–20037, available at: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-04-03/html/2 012-7727.htm (accessed 19th March 2013).]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Poindexter, E.H. and R.D. Carpenter: The Isolation of Harman and Norharman from Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke; Phytochemistry 1 (1962) 215–212.]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Hada, N., Y. Totsuka, T. Enya, K. Tsurumaki, M. Nakazawa, N. Kawahara, Y. Murakami, Y. Yoko-yama, T. Sugimura, and K. Wakabayashi: Structures of Mutagens Produced by the Co-Mutagen Norharman with o- and m-Toluidine Isomers; Mutat. Res. 493 (2001) 115-126.]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Levitt, R.C., C. Legraverend, D.W. Nebert, and O. Pelkonen: Effects of Harman and Norharman on the Mutagenicity and Binding to DNA of Benzo[a]pyrene Metabolites in vitro and on Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydrolase Induction; Cell Cult. 79 (1977) 1167-1175.]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Matsumoto, T., D. Yoshida, and H. Tomita: Determination of Mutagens, Amino-a-Carbolines in Grill Foods and Cigarette Smoke Condensate; Cancer Lett. 12 (1981) 105-110.]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Patrianakos, C. and D. Hoffmann: Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke LXIV. On the Analysis of Aromatic Amines in Cigarette Smoke; J. Anal. Toxicol. 3 (1979) 150-154.]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Yamashita, M., K. Wakabayashi, M. Nagao, S. Sato, Z. Yamaizum, M. Takashi, N. Kinac, I. Tomita, and T. Sugimura: Detection of 2-Amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline in Cigarette Smoke Condensate; Jpn J. Cancer Res. 77 (1986) 419-422.]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Manabe, S., K. Tohyama, O. Wada, and T. Aramaki: Detection of a Carcinogen 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-1 H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PHIP) in Cigarette Smoke Condensate; Carcinogenesis 12 (1991) 1945-1947.]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Manabe, S. and O. Wada: Carcinogenic Tryptophan Pyrolysis Products in Cigarette Smoke Condensate and Cigarette Smoke-Polluted Indoor Air; Environ. Pollut. 64 (1990) 121-132.]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Kataoka, H., K. Kijima, and G. Maruo: Determination of Mutagenic Heterocyclic Amines in Combustion Smoke Samples; Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 60 (1998) 60-76.]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Kataoka, H. and K. Kijima: Analysis of Heterocyclic Amines as their N-Dimethylaminomethylene Derivatives by Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Selective Detection; J. Chromatogr. A 767 (1997) 187-194.]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Sasaki, T.A., J.M. Wilkins, J.B. Forehand, and S.C. Moldoveanu: Analysis of Heterocyclic Amines in Mainstream Smoke Using a New GC-MS Technique; Anal. Lett. 34 (2001) 1749-1761.]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Smith, C.J., G.L. Dooly, and S.C. Moldoveanu: New Technique Using Solid-Phase Extraction for the Analysis of Aromatic Amines in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke; J. Chromatogr. A 991 (2003) 99-107.]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Smith, C.J., X. Qian, Q. Zha, and S.C. Moldoveanu: Analysis of a- and ß- Carbolines in Mainstream Smoke of Reference Cigarettes by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; J. Chromatogr. A 1046 (2004) 211-216.]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Zhang, L., D.L. Ashley, and C.H. Watson: Quantitative Analysis of Six Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Mainstream Smoke Condensate Using Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine Tob. Res. 13 (2011) 120-126.]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Pillsbury, H.C., CC. Bright, K.J. O`Connor, and F.W. Irish: Tar and Nicotine in Cigarette Smoke; J. AOAC 52 (1969) 458-462.]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Meckley, D., J.R. Hayes, K.R. Van Kampen, A.T. Mosberg, and J.W. Swauger: A Responsive, Sensitive, and Reproducible Dermal Tumor Promotion Assay for the Comparative Evaluation of Cigarette Smoke Condensates; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 39 (2004) 135-149.]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Iwase, H., Y. Takeuchi, and A. Murai: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Trimethylsilyl Derivatives of Amines; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 27 (1997) 1009-1014.]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Narasimhachari, N., J. Spaide, and B. Heller: Gas-Liquid Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Studies on Trimethylsilyl Derivatives of N-methyl and N, N-dimethyltryptamines; J. Chromatogr. Sci. 9 (1971) 502-505.]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Bao, M., J. Wu, W. Rickert, A. Masters, and P. Joza: Analysis of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Condensate by Solid Phase Extraction and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Presentation at the 2012 CORESTA Congress in Sapporo Japan, Smoke Science/Product Technology Groups, abstr. SS18; 2012; available at: http:// www.coresta.org/Meetings/Past_Abstracts/ Sapporo2012-SmokeTech.pdf (accessed February 2013).]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Maron, D.M. and B.N Ames: Revised Methods for the Salmonella Mutagenicity Test; Mutat. Res. 113 (1983) 173-215.]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Yahagi, T., M. Degawa, Y. Seino, J. Matsushima, M. Nagao, T. Sugimura, and Y. Hashimoto: Mutagenicity of Carcinogenic Azo Dyes and their Derivatives; Cancer Lett. 1 (1975) 91-97.]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Baty, J.D., D.A. Price-Evans, H.M. Gilles, and J. Greaves: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Trimethylsilyl Derivatives of Amines; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 27 (1997) 1009-1014.]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Kataoka, H.: Methods for the Determination of Mutagenic Heterocyclic Amines and Their Applications in Environmental Analysis; J. Chromatogr. A 774 (1997) 121-142.]Search in Google Scholar
[28. McLafferty, F.W. and F. Turecek: Interpretation of Mass Spectra; 4th Edition, University Science Books, Sausalito, CA, USA, 1993.]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Sugimura, T.: Past, Present and Future of Mutagens in Cooked Foods; Environ. Health Persp. 67 (1986) 5-10.]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Smith, C, V. Payne, DJ. Doolittle, A.K. Debath, T. Lawlor, and C. Hansch: Mutagenic Activity of a Series of Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Heterocyclic Amines in Salmonella; Mutat. Res. 279 (1992) 61-73.]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Lee, CK., J.A. Munoz, C. Fulp, K. Chang, J.C. Rogers, M.F. Borgerding, and D.J. Doolittle: Inhibitory Activity of Cigarette-Smoke Condensate on the Mutagenicity of Heterocyclic Amines; Mutat. Res. 322 (1994) 21-32.]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Roemer, E., H. Schramke, H. Weiler, A. Buettner, S. Kausche, S. Weber, A. Berges, M. Stueber, M. Muench, E. Trelles-Sticken, J. Pype, K. Kohlgrueber H. Voelkel, and S. Wittke: Mainstream Smoke Chemistry and in vitro and in vivo Toxicity of the Reference Cigarettes 3R4F and 2R4F; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 25 (2012) 316-335.]Search in Google Scholar