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Isolation, cohesion and contingent network effects: the case of school attachment and engagement

G. Robin Gauthier
G. Robin Gauthier
, 
Jeffrey A. Smith
Jeffrey A. Smith
, 
Sela Harcey
Sela Harcey
 und 
Kelly Markowski
Kelly Markowski
   | 28. Okt. 2022
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Article Category: research-article
Online veröffentlicht: 28. Okt. 2022
Seitenbereich: 31 - 45
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/connections-2019.025
Schlüsselwörter
© 2022 G. Robin Gauthier et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Example school networks with high and low cohesion.
Example school networks with high and low cohesion.

Figure 2:

Predicted school attachment; Isolation by school cohesion interaction.
Predicted school attachment; Isolation by school cohesion interaction.

Figure 3:

Predicted disengagement; Isolation by school cohesion interaction.
Predicted disengagement; Isolation by school cohesion interaction.

Descriptive statistics.

Mean/p Std. Dev. Range
School attachment 3.556 0.977 1–5
Disengagement 1.579 1.121 0–4
Isolate 0.037 0.001
School cohesion 0.895 0.076 0.567–1
Race/ethnicity
 White 0.564 0.002
 Black 0.147 0.001
 Asian 0.047 0.001
 Hispanic 0.146 0.001
 Other 0.095 0.001
 Female 0.513 0.002
 Grade 9.670 1.597 6–13
 Log School Size 6.961 0.666 3.258–8.112
School type
 Public 0.933 0.001
 Catholic 0.043 0.001
 Private 0.024 0.001
 N 61,411

Multilevel regression models predicting school attachment and disengagement from school cohesion and individual isolation.

Model 1a School Attachment; No interaction Model 1b School Attachment; interaction Model 2a Disengagement; no interaction Model 2b Disengagement; interaction
Coefficient z-statistic Coefficient z-statistic Coefficient z-statistic Coefficient z-statistic
Isolate -0.478*** (-19.55) 0.154 (0.80) 0.029 (1.12) -0.231 (-0.97)
School Cohesion 0.327 (1.87) 0.350* (2.00) -0.602*** (-6.91) -0.575*** (-4.02)
Isolate X School Cohesion -0.740** (-3.25) -0.231 (-0.97)
Race/ethnicity
 Black -0.194*** (-14.12) -0.194*** (-14.10) 0.180*** (13.24) 0.181*** (11.53)
 Asian -0.060** (-2.92) -0.059** (-2.90) 0.148*** (5.46) 0.148*** (6.27)
 Hispanic -0.120*** (-8.91) -0.119*** (-8.87) 0.203*** (11.46) 0.203*** (13.08)
 Other -0.221*** (-15.93) -0.220*** (-15.92) 0.165*** (11.31) 0.166*** (10.29)
Female -0.078*** (-10.01) -0.078*** (-10.03) -0.169*** (-17.70) -0.169*** (-18.65)
Grade -0.082*** (-24.16) -0.082*** (-24.14) -0.034*** (-9.01) -0.0346*** (-9.10)
School Size (log) 0.006 (0.32) 0.006 (0.34) -0.033** (-2.73) -0.0323* (-2.05)
School type
 Catholic 0.061 (0.92) 0.0581 (0.87) -0.165*** (-6.12) -0.165** (-3.07)
 Private 0.216** (2.98) 0.218** (3.02) -0.173*** (-4.46) -0.170** (-2.79)
Intercept 4.132*** (18.54) 4.107*** (18.40) 2.704*** (21.18) 2.672*** (14.52)
Slope Variance 0.009*** 0.004*** (-3.57) 0.0001*** (-32.99) 0.00008 (-1.23)
Intercept Variance 0.017*** 0.018*** (-25.43) 0.010*** (-35.10) .010*** (-23.60)
Cov(Slope, Intercept) 0.001 -0.001 (-0.20) -0.001*** (-39.08) -0.001 (-0.26)
Residual Variance 0.905*** 0.905*** (-17.55) 1.226*** (50.35) 1.226*** (35.69)
N 61411 61411 61411 61411
AIC 168415.9 168408.3 186999.9 187001.0
BIC 168560.3 168561.7 187144.3 187154.4

Predicted values for different combinations of isolation and cohesion.

Low cohesion High cohesion
School attachment Disengagement School attachment Disengagement
Not an Isolate 3.465 1.749 3.587 1.547
Isolate 3.175 1.832 3.038 1.551
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