[
1. Njue A, Coyne C, Margulis AV, Wang D, Marks MA, Russell K, et al. The role of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in adverse birth outcomes: A review of the potential mechanisms. Viruses. 2021;13:20.10.3390/v13010020
]Search in Google Scholar
[
2. Patro ARK. Subversion of immune response by human cytomegalovirus. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1155.10.3389/fimmu.2019.01155
]Search in Google Scholar
[
3. Zuhair M, Smit GSA, Wallis G, Jabbar F, Smith C, et al. Estimation of the worldwide seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol. 2019;29:e2034.10.1002/rmv.2034
]Search in Google Scholar
[
4. Saldan A, Forner G, Mengoli C, Gussetti N, Palu G, Abate D. Testing for cytomegalovirus in pregnancy. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55:693-702.10.1128/JCM.01868-16
]Search in Google Scholar
[
5. Fisher S, Genbacev O, Maidji E, Pereira L. Human cytomegalovirus infection of placental cytotrophoblasts in vitro and in utero: Implications for transmission and pathogenesis. J Virol. 2000;74: 6808-20.10.1128/JVI.74.15.6808-6820.2000
]Search in Google Scholar
[
6. Maltepe E, Fisher SJ. Placenta: the forgotten organ. Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2015;31:523-52.10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125620
]Search in Google Scholar
[
7. Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore T, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM. Creasy and Resnik’s maternal-fetal medicine: principles and practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2019.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
8. Hustin J, Schaaps JP. Echographic [corrected] and anatomic studies of the maternotrophoblastic border during the first trimester of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157:162-8.10.1016/S0002-9378(87)80371-X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
9. Jauniaux E, Watson AL, Hempstock J, Bao YP, Skepper JN, Burton GJ. Onset of maternal arterial blood flow and placental oxidative stress. A possible factor in human early pregnancy failure. Am J Pathol. 2000;157:2111-22.10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64849-3
]Search in Google Scholar
[
10. Castellucci M, Scheper M, Scheffen I, Celona A, Kaufmann P. The development of the human placental villous tree. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1990;181:117-28.10.1007/BF001989512327595
]Search in Google Scholar
[
11. Kaufmann P, Mayhew TM, Charnock-Jones DS. Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. II. Changes during normal pregnancy. Placenta. 2004;25:114-26.10.1016/j.placenta.2003.10.00914972444
]Search in Google Scholar
[
12. Ahmed A, Perkins J. Angiogenesis and intrauterine growth restriction. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2000;14: 981-98.10.1053/beog.2000.013911141345
]Search in Google Scholar
[
13. Frater JL, Kay NE, Goolsby CL, Crawford SE, Dewald GW, Peterson LC. Dysregulated angiogenesis in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric evidence. Diagn Pathol. 2008;3:16.10.1186/1746-1596-3-16236210818423023
]Search in Google Scholar
[
14. Cannon MJ. Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) epidemiology and awareness. J Clin Virol. 2009;46:6-10.10.1016/j.jcv.2009.09.00219800841
]Search in Google Scholar
[
15. Tastad KJ, Schleiss MR, Lammert SM, Basta NE. Awareness of congenital cytomegalovirus and acceptance of maternal and newborn screening. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(8):e0221725.10.1371/journal.pone.0221725670994831449545
]Search in Google Scholar
[
16. Thackeray R, Magnusson BM. Women’s attitudes toward practicing cytomegalovirus prevention behaviors. Prev Med Rep. 2016;4:517-24.10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.09.008506146827747148
]Search in Google Scholar
[
17. Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research? Indian J Psychol Med. 2013;35(2):121-6.10.4103/0253-7176.116232377504224049221
]Search in Google Scholar
[
18. Jeon J, Victor M, Adler SP, Arwady A, Demmler G, Fowler K, et al. Knowledge and awareness of congenital cytomegalovirus among women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006;2006:80383.10.1155/IDOG/2006/80383177961217485810
]Search in Google Scholar
[
19. Galan HL, Pandipati S, Filly RA. Ultrasound evaluation of fetal biometry and normal and abnormal fetal growth. In: Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology. 5th edition. Edited by Callen PW. USA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008: 225-65.10.1016/B978-1-4160-3264-9.50011-2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
20. Al-kaabi M, Noel KI, Al-rubai A. Evaluation of immunohisto-chemical expression of stem cell markers (NANOG and CD133) in normal, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrium. J Med Life. 2022;15(1):117-23.10.25122/jml-2021-0206
]Search in Google Scholar
[
21. Hameed AF, Ibraheem MM, Ahmed BS. C-MYC and BCL2 expression in normal tissue around proliferative breast conditions in relation to ER, PR in a sample of Iraqi women. UKJPB. 2018;6(3):1-6.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
22. Pereira L, Maidji E. Cytomegalovirus infection in the human placenta: Maternal immunity and developmentally regulated receptors on trophoblasts converge. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;325:383-95.10.1007/978-3-540-77349-8_2118637517
]Search in Google Scholar
[
23. Weisblum Y, Panet A, Haimov-Kochman R, Wolf DG. Models of vertical cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission and pathogenesis. Semin Immunopathol. 2014;36:615-25.10.1007/s00281-014-0449-125291972
]Search in Google Scholar
[
24. Barut F, Barut A, Gun BD, Kandemir NO, Harma MI, Harma M, et al. Intrauterine growth restriction and placental angiogenesis. Diagnostic Pathology. 2010;5:24.10.1186/1746-1596-5-24
]Search in Google Scholar
[
25. Weckman AM, Ngai M, Wright J, McDonald CR, Kain KC. The Impact of infection in pregnancy on placental vascular development and adverse birth outcomes. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1924.10.3389/fmicb.2019.01924
]Search in Google Scholar
[
26. Wang Y, Zhao S. Vascular biology of the placenta. San Rafael: Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2010.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
27. Demir R, Seval Y, Huppertz B. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the early human placenta. Acta Histochem. 2007;109:257-65.10.1016/j.acthis.2007.02.008
]Search in Google Scholar
[
28. Kinzler WL, Vintzileos AM. Fetal growth restriction. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2008;2:125-31.10.1097/GCO.0b013e3282f7320a
]Search in Google Scholar
[
29. Mayhew TM, Charnock-Jones DS, Kaufmann P. Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. III. Changes in complicated pregnancies. Placenta. 2004;25:127-39.10.1016/j.placenta.2003.10.010
]Search in Google Scholar
[
30. Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor: Basic science and clinical progress. Endocrine Rev. 2004;25(4):581-611.10.1210/er.2003-0027
]Search in Google Scholar
[
31. Searles CD. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2006;291:C803-C16.10.1152/ajpcell.00457.2005
]Search in Google Scholar
[
32. Lyall F, Young A, Boswell F, Kingdom JCP, Greer IA. Placental expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in placentae from pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction does not support placental hypoxia at delivery. Placenta. 1997;18:269-76.10.1016/S0143-4004(97)80061-6
]Search in Google Scholar
[
33. Noris M, Todeschini M, Cassis P, Pasta F, Cappellini A, Bonazzola S. L-arginine depletion in preeclampsia orients nitric oxide synthase toward oxidant species. Hypertension. 2004;43:614-22.10.1161/01.HYP.0000116220.39793.c914744923
]Search in Google Scholar
[
34. Jeon J, Victor M, Adler S, Arwady A, Demmler G, Fowler K, et al. Knowledge and awareness of congenital cytomegalovirus among women. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006;2006:80383.10.1155/IDOG/2006/80383177961217485810
]Search in Google Scholar
[
35. Doutre SM, Barrett TS, Greenlee J, White KR. Losing ground: Awareness of congenital cytomegalovirus in the United States. JHEDI. 2016;1(2):39-48
]Search in Google Scholar
[
36. Aljumaili ZKM, Alsamarai AM, Najem WS. Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in women with bad obstetric history in Kirkuk, Iraq. J Infect Public Health. 2014;7(4):277-88.10.1016/j.jiph.2013.08.00624629348
]Search in Google Scholar