Survey on Regenerative Braking in Electrical and Hybrid Vehicles

Strict pollution norms make car’s manufacturers to promote electrical and hybrid vehicles (EVs and HEVs). Recuperation system that can capture about 8-25% of the energy is represented by the regenerative brakes, it converts losses of kinetic energy of the car during braking in form of heat to electrical or chemical energy. Regenerative brakes can provide a good increase in car’s autonomy, especially in city driving cycles with high frequency of braking. Also, they reduce friction brakes wear and offer more precisely control of wheel braking torque. A survey in this paper presents basics, uses, types and braking strategies for existing regenerative braking systems with the purpose to identify and detail their limitations. Identifying key factors that have influence on system efficiency allows to elaborate optimizing techniques, strategies and algorithms, applied to existing systems in order to develop future concepts that will overcome current limitations.