[Abbo, C., Ekblad, S., Waako, P., Okello, E., Musisi, S., 2009, The prevalence and severity of mental illnesses handled by traditional healers in two districts in Uganda. African Health Sciences, 9(S2):16-22.10.1186/1752-4458-2-16]Search in Google Scholar
[Achonduh-Atijegbe, O.A., Mfuh, K.O., Mbange, A.H.E., Chedjou, J.P., Taylor, D.W., Nerurkar, V.R., 2016, Prevalence of malaria, typhoid, toxoplasmosis and rubella among febrile children in Cameroon. BMC Infectious Diseases, 16:658.10.1186/s12879-016-1996-y510167527825318]Search in Google Scholar
[Adriaanse, M., van Domburgh, L., Hoek, H.W., Susser, E., Doreleijers, T.A.H., Veling, W., 2015, Prevalence, impact and cultural context of psychotic experiences among ethnic minority youth. Psychological Medicine, 45:637–646.10.1017/S003329171400177925099751]Search in Google Scholar
[Ahmad, D., Mehdi, S., Sayed, H.H., Sayed, A.K., Shirzad, G., 2010, Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in schizophrenia patients referred to Psychiatric Hospital, Sari City, Iran. Tropical Biomedicine, 27(3):476–482.]Search in Google Scholar
[Aillon, J., Ndetei, D.M., Khasakhala, L., Ngari, W.N., Achola, H.O., Akinyi, S., Ribero, S., 2014, Prevalence, types and comorbidity of mental disorders in a Kenyan primary health centre. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49:1257–126810.1007/s00127-013-0755-223959589]Search in Google Scholar
[Al-Hussainy, N.H., Al-saedi, A.M., Al-lehaibi, J.H., Al-lehaibi, Y.A., Al Sehli, Y.M., Afifi, M.A., 2015, Serological evidences link toxoplasmosis with schizophrenia and major depression disorder. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure, 3:148–153.10.1016/j.jmau.2015.03.006601427830023193]Search in Google Scholar
[Alptekin, K., Ulas, H., Akdede, B.B., Tümüklü, M., Akvardar, Y., 2009, Prevalence and risk factors of psychotic symptoms: in the city of Izmir, Turkey. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44(11):905-910.10.1007/s00127-009-0012-x19255702]Search in Google Scholar
[Akindipe, T., Wilson, D., Stein, D.J., 2014, Psychiatric disorders in individuals with methamphetamine dependence: prevalence and risk factors. Metabolic Brain Disease, 29:351–357.10.1007/s11011-014-9496-524532047]Search in Google Scholar
[Anabire, N.G., Aryee, P.A., Abdul-Karim, A., Quaye, O., Awandare, G.A., Helegbe, G.K., 2019, Impact of malaria and hepatitis B co-infection on clinical and cytokine profiles among pregnant women. PloS One 14(4): e0215550.10.1371/journal.pone.0215550647459131002731]Search in Google Scholar
[Aneja, J., Goya, D., Choudhary, B., 2019, Psychosis consequent to antimalarial drug use in a young child. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(5):1781–1783.10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_225_19655905731198757]Search in Google Scholar
[Anisman, H., Hayley, S., 2012, Illness comorbidity as a biomarker? Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 37(4):221–223.10.1503/jpn.120092338009222709479]Search in Google Scholar
[Ardington, C. and Case, A. (2010). Interactions between mental health and socioeconomic status in the South African national income dynamics study. Journal for Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 34(3):69–85.10.1080/10800379.2010.12097210]Search in Google Scholar
[Arias, I., Sorlozano, A., Villegas, E., de Dios Luna, J., McKenney, K., Cervilla, J., Gutierrez, B., Gutierrez, J., 2012, Infectious agents associated with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 136(1-3):128-136.10.1016/j.schres.2011.10.02622104141]Search in Google Scholar
[Armah, H.B., Wilson, N.O., Sarfo, B.Y., Powell, M.D., Bond, V.C., Anderson, W., Adjei, A.A., Gyasi, R.K., Tettey, Y., Wiredu, E.K., Tongren, J.E., 2007, Cerebrospinal fluid and serum biomarkers of cerebral malaria mortality in Ghanaian children. Malaria Journal, 6(1):147.10.1186/1475-2875-6-147218634917997848]Search in Google Scholar
[Arthur-Mensah Jnr, R., Blay, E.A., Ayi, I., Larbi, J., Suzuki, T., Ohta, N., 2016, Effectiveness of SP-IPTp for malaria and evidence for the need of T. gondii infection preventive policy during pregnancy in Ghana. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, 2:01810.23937/2474-3658/1510018]Search in Google Scholar
[Bangirana, P., Idro, R., John, C.C., Boivin, M.J., 2006, Rehabilitation for cognitive impairments after cerebral malaria in African children: strategies and limitations. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 11(9):1341-1349.10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01685.x16930255]Search in Google Scholar
[Beare, N.A., Southern, C., Chalira, C., Taylor, T.E., Molyneux, M.E., Harding, S.P., 2004, Prognostic significance and course of retinopathy in children with severe malaria. Archives of Ophthalmology, 122(8):1141-1147.10.1001/archopht.122.8.114115302654]Search in Google Scholar
[Binbay, T., Alptekin, K., Elbi, H., Zagli, N., Drukker, M., Aksu Tanik, F., Ozkınay, F., Onay, H., Os, J.V., 2012, Lifetime prevalence and correlates of schizophrenia and disorders with psychotic symptoms in the general population of Izmir, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 23:149–160.]Search in Google Scholar
[Blay, E.A., Ghansah, A., Otchere, J., Koku, R., Kwofie, K.D., Bimi, L., Takashi, S., Ohta, N., Ayi, I., 2015, Congenital toxoplasmosis and pregnancy malaria detection post-partum: Effective diagnosis and its implication for efficient management of congenital infection. Parasitology International, 64(6):603–608.10.1016/j.parint.2015.08.00426264261]Search in Google Scholar
[Boivin, M.J., 2002, Effects of early cerebral malaria on cognitive ability in Senegalese children. Journal of Developmental Behaviour & Paediatric, 23(5):353–364.10.1097/00004703-200210000-0001012394524]Search in Google Scholar
[Boivin, M.J., Bangirana, P., Byarugaba, J., Opoka, R.O., Idro, R., Jurek, A.M., John, C.C., 2007, Cognitive impairment after cerebral malaria in children: a prospective study. Pediatrics, 119(2):e360-e366.10.1542/peds.2006-2027274374117224457]Search in Google Scholar
[Carellos, E.V., de Andrade, G.M., Vasconcelos-Santos, D.V., Januário, J.N., Romanelli, R.M., Abreu, M.N., da Silva, F.M., Loures, I.R., de Andrade, J.Q., Caiaffa, W.T., UFMG Congenital Toxoplasmosis Brazilian Group, 2014, Adverse socioeconomic conditions and oocyst-related factors are associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in a population-based study in Minas Gerais, Brazil. PloS One, 9(2):e88588.10.1371/journal.pone.0088588392122024523920]Search in Google Scholar
[Campos-Carli, S.M., Vieira, É.L.M., Rocha, N.P., Oliveira, K., Guimarães, F.C., Barbosa, I.G., Barros, J.L.V.M., Okusaga, O., Martins-Filho, O.A., Salgado, J.V., Teixeira, A.L., 2017, Toxoplasma gondii infection and chronic schizophrenia: is there any association?. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo), 44(6):145-148.10.1590/0101-60830000000140]Search in Google Scholar
[Carlill, H. (1917). Korsakow’s psychosis in association with malaria. Lancet, 189:648–650.10.1016/S0140-6736(01)48966-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Carson, C.M., Phillip, N., Miller, B.J., 2017, Urinary tract infections in children and adolescents with psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 183:36-40.10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.00427839914]Search in Google Scholar
[Carter, J.A., Ross, A.J., Neville, B.G., Obiero, E., Katana, K., Mung’ala- Odera, V., Lees, J.A., Newton, C.R., 2005, Developmental impairments following severe falciparum malaria in children. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 10(1):3-10.10.1111/j.1365-3156.2004.01345.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Corrêa-Oliveira, G.E., do Amara, J.L., da Fonseca, B.A.L., Del-Ben, C.M., 2017, Zika virus infection followed by a first episode of psychosis: another flavivirus leading to pure psychiatric symptomatology. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 39:381–38210.1590/1516-4446-2017-2308]Search in Google Scholar
[Cuadros. D.F., Branscum, A.J., Crowley, P.H., 2011, HIV–malaria coinfection: effects of malaria on the prevalence of HIV in East sub- Saharan Africa. International Journal of Epidemiology, 40(4):931–939.10.1093/ije/dyq256]Search in Google Scholar
[Cumber, S.N., Yvonne-Estelle, K.N., Jaila, S., 2016, The effects of toxoplasmosis and malaria coinfection on malaria parasite density and hematological parameters in children (0-6 Years) in the Nkolbisson Health District, Cameroon. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 2(4):81-88.10.11648/j.jfmhc.20160204.19]Search in Google Scholar
[Desai, M., ter Kuile, F.O., Nosten, F., Mcgready, R., Asamoa, K., Brabin, B., Newman, R.D. 2007, Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy. Lancet in Infectious Disease, 7:93–104.10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70021-X]Search in Google Scholar
[Dondorp, A., Nosten, F., Stepniewska, K., Day, N., White, N., 2005, Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: a randomised trial. Lancet, 366:717–725.10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67176-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Dondorp, A.M., Fanello, C.I., Hendriksen, I.C., Gomes, E., Seni, A., Chhaganlal, K.D., et al. 2010, Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial. Lancet, 376:1647–1657.10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61924-1]Search in Google Scholar
[Duggal, H.S., 2005, Idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting with psychiatric symptoms. J Neuropsychiatry Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3), 146-147.10.1176/jnp.17.3.42616179670]Search in Google Scholar
[Dunay, I.R., Gajurel, K., Dhakal, R., Liesenfeld, O., Montoya, J.G., 2018, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 31(4):e00057-17.10.1128/CMR.00057-17614819530209035]Search in Google Scholar
[Ekram, T., Afzal, K., Saxena, R., 2016, Pediatric psychosis in the emergency room: Could it be Plasmodium vivax malaria? Current Pediatric Research, 20(1&2): 83-84.]Search in Google Scholar
[El-Sayed, N.M., Ismail, K.A., Ahmed, S.A., Ezz-El-Din, H.M., Azzam, H.M.E., 2012, Possible association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia: Egyptian study. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice, 20(6):394-399.10.1097/IPC.0b013e31826991aa]Search in Google Scholar
[Emelia, O., Amal, R.N., Ruzanna, Z.Z., Shahida, H., Azzubair, Z., Tan, K.S., Aadila, S.N., Siti, N.A.M., Aisah, M.Y., 2012, Seroprevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in patients with schizophrenia. Tropical Biomedicine, 29(1):151–159.]Search in Google Scholar
[Esch, K.J., Petersen, C.A., 2013, Transmission and epidemiology of zoonotic protozoal diseases of companion animals. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 26(1):58–85.10.1128/CMR.00067-12355366623297259]Search in Google Scholar
[Esshili, A., Thabet, S., Jemli, A., Trifa, F., Mechri, A., Zaafrane, F., Gaha, L., Juckel, G., Babba, H., Bel Hadj Jrad, B., 2016, Toxoplasma gondii infection in schizophrenia and associated clinical features. Psychiatry Research, 245:327–332.10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.056]Search in Google Scholar
[Essuman, V.A., Ntim-Amponsah, C.T., Astrup, B.S., Adjei, G.O., Kurtzhals, J.A., Ndanu, T.A., Goka, B., 2010, Retinopathy in severe malaria in Ghanaian children - overlap between fundus changes in cerebral and non-cerebral malaria. Malaria Journal, 12(9):232.10.1186/1475-2875-9-232]Search in Google Scholar
[Fekadu, A., Hanlon, C., Gebre-Eyesus, E., Agedew, M., Solomon, H., Teferra, S., Gebre-Eyesus, T., Baheretibeb, Y., Medhin, G., Shibre, T., Workneh, A., Tegegn, T., Ketema, A., Timms, P., Thornicroft, G., Prince, M., 2014, Burden of mental disorders and unmet needs among street homeless people in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Medicine, 12:138.10.1186/s12916-014-0138-x]Search in Google Scholar
[Forrester, A. (1920). Malaria and insanity. Lancet, 195:16–17.10.1016/S0140-6736(01)29402-1]Search in Google Scholar
[Galasko, D., Kwo-On-Yuen, P.F., Thal, L., 1988, Intracranial mass lesions associated with late-onset psychosis and depression. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 11(1):151–166.10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30522-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017, Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 390:1211–1259.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gordeuk, V., Thuma, P., Brittenham, G., McLaren, C., Parry, D., Backenstose, A., Biemba, G., Msiska, R., Holmes, L., McKinley, E., 1992, Effect of iron chelation therapy on recovery from deep coma in children with cerebral malaria. New England Journal of Medicine, 327(21):1473–1477.10.1056/NEJM1992111932721011406879]Search in Google Scholar
[Gras, L., Wallon, M., Pollak, A., Cortina-borja, M., Evengard, B., Hayde, M., Petersen, K., Gilbert, R., 2005, Association between prenatal treatment and clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis in infancy: a cohort study in 13 European centres. Acta Paediatrica, 94(12):1721–1731.10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01844.x16421031]Search in Google Scholar
[Gureje, O., Olowosegun, O., Adebayo, K., Stein, D.J., 2010, The prevalence and profile of non-affective psychosis in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 9(1):50–55.10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00269.x281691220148161]Search in Google Scholar
[Hayes, J.F., Marston, L., Walters, K., King, M.B., Osborn, D.P., 2017, Mortality gap for people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: UKbased cohort study 2000–2014. British Journal of Psychiatry, 211:175–181.10.1192/bjp.bp.117.202606557932828684403]Search in Google Scholar
[Helegbe, G.K., Aryee, P.A., Mohammed, B.S., Wemakor, A., Kolbila, D., Abubakari, A-W., Askanda, S., Alhassan, R., Barnie, C., Aboagyewaa, Donkoh, A.A., Ofosu, E., 2018, Seroprevalence of malaria and hepatitis b coinfection among pregnant women in Tamale metropolis of Ghana: A cross-sectional study. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Article ID 5610981, 12 pages.10.1155/2018/5610981617478730344800]Search in Google Scholar
[Hill, D., Dubey, J.P., 2000, Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis, and prevention. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8:634–640.10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00485.x12390281]Search in Google Scholar
[Hjorthøj, C., Stürup, A.E., Mcgrath, J.J., Nordentoft, M., 2017. Years of potential life lost and life expectancy in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 4:295–301.10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30078-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Hochman, S.E., Madaline, T.F., Wassmer, S.C., Mbale, E., Choi, N., Seydel, K.B., Whitten, R.O., Varughese, J., Grau, G.E., Kamiza, S., Molyneux, M.E., Taylor, T.E., Lee, S., Milner, D.A. Jr., Kim, K., 2015, Fatal pediatric cerebral malaria is associated with intravascular monocytes and platelets that are increased with HIV coinfection. mBio, 6(5):e01390-15.10.1128/mBio.01390-15]Search in Google Scholar
[Hosain, G.M.M., Chatterjee, N., Ara, N., Islam, T., 2007, Prevalence, pattern and determinants of mental disorders in rural Bangladesh. Public Health, 121:18–24.10.1016/j.puhe.2006.06.018]Search in Google Scholar
[Huber, M., Kirchler, E., Karner, M. and Pycha, R. 2007, Delusional parasitosis and the dopamine transporter. A new insight of etiology? Medical Hypotheses, 68(6):1351–1358.10.1016/j.mehy.2006.07.061]Search in Google Scholar
[Idro, R., Mwaesige, A., K., Asea, B., Bamgirana, P., Opoka, R.O., Lubowa, S,K., Clikeman, M, S., John, C,C., Nalugya, J., 2016. Cerebral malaria is associated with long-term mental health disorders: a cross sectional survey of a long-term cohort. Malaria Journal, 15:184.10.1186/s12936-016-1233-6]Search in Google Scholar
[Idro, R., Marsh, K., John, C.C., Newton, C.R.J., 2010, Cerebral malaria; mechanisms of brain injury and strategies for improved neurocognitive outcome. Pediatric Research, 68(4): 267–274.10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181eee738]Search in Google Scholar
[Islam, M.M., Ali, M., Ferroni, P., Underwood, P., Alam, M.F., 2003, Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in an urban community in Bangladesh. General Hospital Psychiatry, 25:353–357.10.1016/S0163-8343(03)00067-7]Search in Google Scholar
[James, B.O., Agbonile, I.O., Okolo, M., Lawani, A.O. and Omoaregba, J.O., 2013, Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among individuals with severe mental illness in Nigeria: a case control study. Pathogens and Global Health, 107(4):189-193.10.1179/2047773213Y.0000000093400146923816510]Search in Google Scholar
[Jegede, F.E., Oyeyi, T.I., Abdulrahman, S.A., Mbah, H.A., Badru, T., Agbakwuru, C., Adedokun, O., 2017, Effect of HIV and malaria parasites co-infection on immune-hematological profiles among patients attending anti-retroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Infectious Disease Hospital Kano, Nigeria. PloS One 12(3): e0174233.10.1371/journal.pone.0174233536770928346490]Search in Google Scholar
[Jellinger, K.A., 2012, Cerebral correlates of psychotic syndromes in neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 16(5):995–1012.10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01311.x436588021418522]Search in Google Scholar
[Jenkins, R., Mbatia, J., Singleton, N. and White, B., 2010, Prevalence of psychotic symptoms and their risk factors in urban Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7:2514-2525.10.3390/ijerph7062514290556420644687]Search in Google Scholar
[Jenkins, R., Ong’echa, M., Othieno, C., Ongeri, L., Sifuna, P., Omollo, R., Leonard, B., Ogutu, B., 2019, Malaria, mental disorders, immunity and their inter-relationships - A cross sectional study in a household population in a health and demographic surveillance site in Kenya. EBioMedicine, 39:369–376.10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.064]Search in Google Scholar
[Jongsma, H.E., Turner, C., Kirkbride, J.B., Jones, P.B., 2019, International incidence of psychotic disorders, 2002–17: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health, 4:e229–44.10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30056-8]Search in Google Scholar
[John, C.C., Bangirana, P., Byarugaba, J., Opoka, R.O., Idro, R., Jurek, A.M., Wu, B., Boivin, M.J., 2008, Cerebral malaria in children is associated with long-term cognitive impairment. Pediatrics, 122(1):e92-e99.10.1542/peds.2007-3709260724118541616]Search in Google Scholar
[Kistiah, K., Frean, J., Winiecka-Krusnell, J., Barragan, A., 2012, Unexpectedly low seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 79(2), Art. #486, 1 page.10.4102/ojvr.v79i2.486]Search in Google Scholar
[Lasebikan, V.O., Ige, O.M., 2015, Prevalence of psychosis in tuberculosis patients and their nontuberculosis family contacts in a multidrug treatment-resistant treatment center in Nigeria. General Hospital Psychiatry, 37(6), 542–547.10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.05.01226059980]Search in Google Scholar
[Lee, Y., Cherkerzian, S., Seidman, L.J., Papandonatos, G.D., Savitz, D.A., Tsuang, M.T., Goldstein, J.M., Buka, S.L., 2019, Bacterial infection during pregnancy associated with psychosis in offspring. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(1):66-75.10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101206693913931581799]Search in Google Scholar
[Lindgren, M., Torniainen-Holm, M., Härkänen, T., Dickerson, F., Yolken, R.H., Suvisaari, J., 2018, The association between Toxoplasma and the psychosis continuum in a general population setting. Schizophrenic Research, 193:329-335.10.1016/j.schres.2017.06.05228711477]Search in Google Scholar
[Lochhead, J., Movaffaghy, A., Falsini, B., Winstanley, P.A., Mberu, E.K., Riva, C.E., Molyneux, M.E., Taylor, T.E., Harding, S.P., 2003, The effect of quinine on the electroretinograms of children with pediatric cerebral malaria. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 187:1342–1345.10.1086/37405812696018]Search in Google Scholar
[Luzolo, A.L., Ngoyi, D.M., 2019, Cerebral malaria. Brain Research Bulletin, 145:53–58.10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.01030658131]Search in Google Scholar
[Khalil, S.S., Rashwan, E.A., 1996, Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNFalpha) in Human Toxoplasmosis. Journal of Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 26(1):53-61.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kampondeni, S.D., Potchen, M.J., Beare, N.A., Seydel, K.B., Glover, S.J., Taylor, T.E., Birbeck, G.L., 2013, MRI findings in a cohort of brain injured survivors of pediatric cerebral malaria. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88(3):542-546.10.4269/ajtmh.12-0538359253823339204]Search in Google Scholar
[Keshavan, M.S., Kaneko, Y., 2013, Secondary psychoses: an update. World psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 12(1), 4–15.10.1002/wps.20001361916723471787]Search in Google Scholar
[Khademvatan, S., Saki, J., Khajeddin, N., Izadi-Mazidi, M., Beladi, R., Shafiee, B., Salehi, Z., 2014, Toxoplasma gondii exposure and the risk of schizophrenia. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 7(11):e12776.10.5812/jjm.18789]Search in Google Scholar
[Khodashenas, S., Foroughi-Parvar, F., Mosayebi, M., Ghasemi, M., Ghaleiha, A., Tapaket, L., 2019, A Case-Control Study of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dementia Patients in Arak and Hamadan, West of Iran. Archive of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 14(5):e87116.10.5812/archcid.87116]Search in Google Scholar
[Konstantinovic, N., Guegan, H., Stäjner, T., Belaz, S., Robert-Gangneux, F., 2019, Treatment of toxoplasmosis: current options and future perspectives. Food and Waterborne Parasitology, 12:e00036.10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00036703399632095610]Search in Google Scholar
[Kotlyar, S., Nteziyaremye, J., Olupot-Olupot, P., Akech, S.O., Moore, C.L., Maitland, K., 2014, Spleen volume and clinical disease manifestations of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 108(5):283–289.10.1093/trstmh/tru040569331924639372]Search in Google Scholar
[Kremsner, P.G., Adegnika, A.A., Hounkpatin, A.B., Zinsou, J.F., Taylor, T.E., Chimalizeni, Y., et al., 2016, Intramuscular artesunate for severe malaria in African children: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. PLoS Medicine, 13:e1001938.10.1371/journal.pmed.1001938471053926757276]Search in Google Scholar
[Kringlen, E., Torgersen, S., Cramer, V. 2006, Mental illness in a rural area: a Norwegian psychiatric epidemiological study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41: 713–719.10.1007/s00127-006-0080-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Krishnan, R.R., Keefe, R., Kraus, M., 2009, Schizophrenia is a disorder of higher order hierarchical processing. Medical Hypotheses, 72(6):740–744.10.1016/j.mehy.2008.12.03919231093]Search in Google Scholar
[Kroll, J., Yusuf, A.I., Fujiwara, K., 2011, Psychoses, PTSD, and depression in Somali refugees in Minnesota. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46:481–493.10.1007/s00127-010-0216-020354676]Search in Google Scholar
[Mahmoud, S.S., Hasan, M.S. 2009, Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among Schizophrenic patients. Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences, 3(1);1-7.]Search in Google Scholar
[Maldonado, Y.A., Read, J., Committee on infectious diseases, 2017, Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis in the United States. Pediatrics, 139 (2): e20163860.10.1542/peds.2016-386028138010]Search in Google Scholar
[Marchioro, A.A., Colli, C.M., Ferreira, E.C., Viol, B.M., Araújo, S.M., Falavigna Guilherme, A.L., 2015, Risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in populations of children from nine cities in southern Brazil. Journal of Helminthology, 89(4):428-432.10.1017/S0022149X1400021224725417]Search in Google Scholar
[Meira, C.S., Pereira-Chioccola, V.L., Vidal, J.E., Brandão de Mattos, C.C., Motoie, G., Costa-Silva, T.A., Gava, R., Frederico, F.B., de Mattos, L.C., 2014, Toxoplasma Groups. Cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis related with IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5:1-7.10.3389/fmicb.2014.00492419536425352834]Search in Google Scholar
[Morenikeji, O.A., Eleng, I.E., Atanda, O.S., Oyeyemi, O.T., 2016a, Renal related disorders in concomitant Schistosoma haematobium-Plasmodium falciparum infection among children in a rural community of Nigeria. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 9(2):136-14210.1016/j.jiph.2015.06.01326220794]Search in Google Scholar
[Morenikeji, O.A., Adeleye, O., Omoruyi, E.C., Oyeyemi, O.T., 2016b, Anti- Schistosoma IgG responses in Schistosoma haematobium single and concomitant infection with malaria parasites. Pathogens and Global Health, 110(2):74-78.10.1080/20477724.2016.1174499489426527092873]Search in Google Scholar
[Monroe, J.M., Buckley, P.F., Miller, B.J., 2015, Meta-analysis of anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgM antibodies in acute psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41(4):989–998.10.1093/schbul/sbu159446617625385789]Search in Google Scholar
[Montazeri, M., Mehrzadi, S., Sharif, M., Sarvi, S., Tanzifi, A., Aghayan, S.A., Daryani, A. 2018, Drug resistance in Toxoplasma gondii. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9:2587.10.3389/fmicb.2018.02587]Search in Google Scholar
[Mueller, I., Shakri, A.R., Chitnis, C.E., 2015, Development of vaccines for Plasmodium vivax malaria. Vaccine, 33:7489–7495.10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.06026428453]Search in Google Scholar
[Mundt, A.P., Alvarado, R., Fritsch, R., Poblete, C., Villagra, C., Kastner, S., Priebe, S., 2013, Prevalence rates of mental disorders in Chilean prisons. Plos One, 8(7): e69109.10.1371/journal.pone.0069109371883023894415]Search in Google Scholar
[Murphy, S.C., Breman, J.G., 2001, Gaps in the childhood malaria burden in Africa: cerebral malaria, neurological sequelae, anemia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, and complications of pregnancy. In: Breman, J.G., Egan, A., Keusch, G.T. editors. The intolerable burden of malaria: a new look at the numbers: supplement to volume 64(1) of the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Northbrook (IL): American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2621/10.4269/ajtmh.2001.64.5711425178]Search in Google Scholar
[Ndetei, D.M., Muriungi, S.K., Owoso, A., Mutiso, V.N., Mbwayo, A.W., Khasakhala, L., Barch, D.M., Mamah, D., 2012, Prevalence and characteristics of psychotic-like experiences in Kenyan youth. Psychiatry Research, 196(2-3): 235–242.10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.05322460129]Search in Google Scholar
[Nevin, R.L., Croft, A.M., 2016, Psychiatric effects of malaria and antimalarial drugs: historical and modern perspectives. Malaria Journal, 15:332.10.1186/s12936-016-1391-6491811627335053]Search in Google Scholar
[Newton, C.R., Crawley, J., Sowumni, A., Waruiru, C., Mwangi, I., English, M., Murphy, S., Winstanley, P.A., Marsh, K., Kirkham, F.J., 1997, Intracranial hypertension in Africans with cerebral malaria. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 76:219–226.10.1136/adc.76.3.21917170909135262]Search in Google Scholar
[Nishanth, G., Schlüter, D., 2019, Blood-brain barrier in cerebral malaria: pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention. Trends in Parasitology, 35(7):516–528.10.1016/j.pt.2019.04.010]Search in Google Scholar
[Okere, C.A. 2018, Psychiatric effects of malaria in Ibadan City, Nigeria. A Master of Public Health Thesis of the University of Roehampton, London, Pp 1-57.]Search in Google Scholar
[Okunlola, O.A., Oyeyemi, O.T., 2019, Spatio-temporal analysis of association between incidence of malaria and environmental predictors of malaria transmission in Nigeria. Scientific Reports, 9:1750010.1038/s41598-019-53814-x]Search in Google Scholar
[Omar, A., Bakar, O.C., Adam, N.F., Osman, H., Osman, A., Suleiman, A.H., Manaf, M.R., Selamat, M.I., 2015, Seropositivity and serointensity of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and DNA among patients with schizophrenia. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 53(1):29-34.10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.29]Search in Google Scholar
[Onditi, F.I., Nyamongo, O.W., Omwandho, C.O., Maina, N.W., Maloba, F., Farah, I.O., King, C.L., Moore, J.M., Ozwara, H.S., 2015, Parasite accumulation in placenta of non-immune baboons during Plasmodium knowlesi infection. Malaria Journal, 14:118.10.1186/s12936-015-0631-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Onkoba, N.W., Chimbari, M.J., Mukaratirwa, S., 2015, Malaria endemicity and co-infection with tissue-dwelling parasites in Sub- Saharan Africa: a review. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 4:35.10.1186/s40249-015-0070-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Ouermi, D., Simpore, J., Belem, A.M.G., Sanou, D.S., Karou, D.S., Ilboudo, D., Bisseye, C., Onadja, S.M., Pietra, V., Pignatelli, S., Gnoula, C., Nikiema, J.B., Kabre, G.B., 2009, Co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii with HBV in HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant women in Burkina Faso. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12:1188-1193.10.3923/pjbs.2009.1188.1193]Search in Google Scholar
[Oyeyemi, O.T., Oyeyemi, I.T., Adesina, I.A., Tiamiyu, A.M., Oluwafemi, Y.D., Nwuba, R.I. Grenfell, R.F.Q., 2020, Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: a neglected bane but a serious threat in Nigeria. Parasitology, 147(2): 127-1341–1348.10.1017/S0031182019001525]Search in Google Scholar
[Oyeyemi, O.T. and Amugo, A.N. (2015a). Plasmodium falciparum and hepatitis B virus infection in Nigerian urban population. Brazilain Journal of Infectious Disease, 19(6):666-667.10.1016/j.bjid.2015.07.010]Search in Google Scholar
[Oyeyemi, O.T., Amugo, A.N., 2015b, Maternal Plasmodium falciparum and hepatitis B virus infections in Nigeria. Journal of Disease and Global Health, 4(2):84-88.]Search in Google Scholar
[Paisseau, G., 1919, Malaria during the war. Lancet, 193:749–751.10.1016/S0140-6736(00)95225-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Papastratigakis, G., 1922, Mental confusion from malaria. Encephale, 17:105–109 (in French).]Search in Google Scholar
[Pope, C., 1914, Chronic malarial cachexia and its relation to neurasthenoid conditions. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 170:193–197.10.1056/NEJM191402051700604]Search in Google Scholar
[Postels, D.G., Li, C., Birbeck, G.L., Taylor, T.E., Seydel, K.B., Kampondeni, S.D., Glover, S.J. Potchen, M.J., 2014, Brain MRI of children with retinopathy-negative cerebral malaria. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 91(5):943-949.10.4269/ajtmh.14-0216422889125200262]Search in Google Scholar
[Potchen, M.J., Kampondeni, S.D., Seydel, K.B., Birbeck, G.L., Hammond, C.A., Bradley, W.G., DeMarco, J.K., Glover, S.J., Ugorji, J.O., Latourette, M.T., Siebert, J.E., Molyneux, M.E., Taylor T.E., 2012, Acute brain MRI findings in 120 Malawian children with cerebral malaria: new insights into an ancient disease. The American Journal of Neuroradiology, 33(9):1740–1746.10.3174/ajnr.A3035377954522517285]Search in Google Scholar
[Rouatbi, M., Amairia, S., Amdouni, Y., Boussaadoun, M. A., Ayadi, O., Al-Hosary, A., Rekik, M., Ben Abdallah, R., Aoun, K., Darghouth, M. A., Wieland, B., Gharbi, M., 2019, Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in North Africa: a review. Infection par Toxoplasma gondii et toxoplasmose en Afrique du Nord: synthèse. Parasite (Paris, France), 26:6.10.1051/parasite/2019006637687830767889]Search in Google Scholar
[Radua, J., Ramella-Cravaro, V., Ioannidis, J.P.A., Reichenberg, A., Phiphopthatsanee, N., Amir, T., Thoo, H.Y., Oliver, D., Davies, C., Morgan, C., McGuire, P., Murray, R.M., Fusar-Poli, P., 2018, What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors. World Psychiatry, 17(1):49–66.10.1002/wps.20490577515029352556]Search in Google Scholar
[Renia, L., Howland, S.W., Claser, C., Gruner, A.C., Suwanarusk, R., Teo, T., Russell, B., Ng, L.F.P., 2012, Cerebral Malaria: Mysteries at the blood–brain barrier. Virulence, 3:193–201.10.4161/viru.19013339669822460644]Search in Google Scholar
[Robert-Gangneux, F., Dardé, M.L., 2012, Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 25(2):264–296.10.1128/CMR.05013-11334629822491772]Search in Google Scholar
[Robert-Gangneux, F., Murat, J-B., Fricker-Hidalgo, H., Brenier-Pinchart, M-P., Gangneux, J-P. and Pelloux, H. (2011). The placenta: a main role in congenital toxoplasmosis? Trends in Parasitology, 27(12):530–536.10.1016/j.pt.2011.09.00522079164]Search in Google Scholar
[Ruizendaal, E., Tahita, M.C., Geskus, R.B., Versteeg, I., Scott, S., d’Alessandro, U., Lompo, P., Derra, K., Traore-Coulibaly, M., de Jong, M.D., Schallig, H.D.F.H., Tinto, H., Mens, P.F., 2017, Increase in the prevalence of mutations associated with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected from early to late pregnancy in Nanoro, Burkina Faso. Malaria Journal, 16:179.10.1186/s12936-017-1831-y541008828454537]Search in Google Scholar
[Saha, S., Chant, D.C., Welham, J.L., Mcgrath, J.J., 2006, The incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia varies with latitude. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 114: 36–39.10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00742.x16774659]Search in Google Scholar
[Salih, A.S.A.A., 2014, Prevalence of malaria and toxoplasmosis in donated blood at the central blood bank, Gadaref State. A M.Sc. Thesis of the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences – Parasitology and Medical Entomology – University of El-Neelain, Sudan, pp 35.]Search in Google Scholar
[Schlüter, D., Barragan, A., 2019, Advances and challenges in understanding cerebral toxoplasmosis. Frontiers in Immunology, 10:242.10.3389/fimmu.2019.00242640156430873157]Search in Google Scholar
[Seydel, K.B., Fox, L.L., Glover, S.J., Reeves, M.J., Pensulo, P., Muiruri, A., Mpakiza, A., Molyneux, M.E., Taylor, T.E., 2012. Plasma concentrations of parasite histidine-rich protein 2 distinguish between retinopathypositive and retinopathy-negative cerebral malaria in Malawian children. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 206(3):309-318.10.1093/infdis/jis371349069822634877]Search in Google Scholar
[Seydel, K.B., Kampondeni, S.D., Valim, C., Potchen, M.J., Milner, D.A., Muwalo, F.W., Birbeck, G.L., Bradley, W.G., Fox, L.L., Glover, S.J., Hammond, C.A., Heyderman, R.S., Chilingulo, C.A., Molyneux, M.E., Taylor, T.E., 2015, Brain swelling and death in children with cerebral malaria. New England Journal of Medicine, 372:1126-1137.10.1056/NEJMoa1400116445067525785970]Search in Google Scholar
[Simpore, J., Savadogo, A., Ilboudo, D., Nadambega, M.C., Esposito, M., Yara, J., Pignatelli, S., Pietra, V., Musumeci, S., 2006, Toxoplasma gondii, HCV, and HBV seroprevalence and co-infection among HIV-positive and -negative pregnant women in Burkina Faso. Journal of Medical Virology, 78(6):730-733.10.1002/jmv.2061516628587]Search in Google Scholar
[Singh, V.B., Kumar, H., Meena, B.L., Chandra, S., Agrawal, J., Kanogiya, N., 2016, Neuropsychiatric Profile in Malaria: An Overview. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 10(7):OC24-OC28.10.7860/JCDR/2016/19035.8169502022227630883]Search in Google Scholar
[Skallova, A., Kodym, P., Frynta, D., Flegr, J., 2006, The role of dopamine in Toxoplasma-induced behavioural alterations in mice: an ethological and ethnopharmacological study. Parasitology, 133:525–535.10.1017/S003118200600088616882355]Search in Google Scholar
[Smith, J.D., 2014, The role of PfEMP1 adhesion domain classification in Plasmodium falciparum pathogenesis research. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 195(2):82–87.10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.07.006415906725064606]Search in Google Scholar
[Sowunmi A., 1993, Psychosis after cerebral malaria in children. Journal of the National Medical Association, 85(9):695-696.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sun, Z.X., Li, Y.J., Fang, J., 2005, Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii antibody in patients with psychosis in Dalian city. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi, 18:157-158 (Chinese).]Search in Google Scholar
[Thuma, P.E., Bhat, G.J., Mabeza, G.F., Osborne, C., Biemba, G., Shakankale, G.M., Peeters, P.A., Oosterhuis, B., Lugt, C.B., Gordeuk, V.R., 2000, A randomized controlled trial of artemotil (beta-arteether) in Zambian children with cerebral malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 62(4):524-529.10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.52411220772]Search in Google Scholar
[Torrey, E.F., Yolken, R.H., 2003, Toxoplasma gondii and schizophrenia. Emerging Infectious Disease, 9:1375–1380.10.3201/eid0911.030143303553414725265]Search in Google Scholar
[Torrey, E.F., Bartko, J.J., Lun, Z-R., Yolken, R.H., 2007, Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(3):729-736.10.1093/schbul/sbl050252614317085743]Search in Google Scholar
[Tran, T.M., Browning, J., Dell, M.L., 2006, Psychosis with paranoid delusions after a therapeutic dose of mefloquine: a case report. Malaria Journal, 5:74.10.1186/1475-2875-5-74156402716925829]Search in Google Scholar
[Umukoro, S., 2016, Review of the challenges facing management of patients with psychotic disorder and the need for mental health policies in Nigeria. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 12(1):1–10.10.9734/BJESBS/2016/20144]Search in Google Scholar
[van Hensbroek, M.B., Onyiorah, E., Jaffar, S., Schneider, G., Palmer, A., Frenkel, J., Enwere, G., Forck, S., Nusmeijer, A., Bennett, S., Greenwood, B., Kwiatkowski, D., 1996, A trial of artemether or quinine in children with cerebral malaria. New England Journal of Medicine, 335(2):69–75.10.1056/NEJM199607113350201]Search in Google Scholar
[van Hensbroek, M.B., Palmer, A., Jaffar, S., Schneider, G., Kwiatkowski, D., 1997, Residual neurologic sequelae after childhood cerebral malaria. The Journal of Pediatrics, 131(1):125-129.10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70135-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Vanni, D., Ottaviani, R., Vanni, P., 1998, Malaria and madness. International Journal of Anthropology 13:275–277.10.1007/BF02452678]Search in Google Scholar
[Varo, R., Crowley, V.M., Sitoe, A., Madrid, L., Serghides, L., Kain, K.C., Bassat, Q., 2018, Adjunctive therapy for severe malaria: a review and critical appraisal. Malaria Journal, 17:47.10.1186/s12936-018-2195-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Vassos, E., Pedersen, C.B., Murray, R.M., Collier, D.A., Lewis, C.M., 2012, Meta-analysis of the association of urbanicity with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38: 1118–1123.10.1093/schbul/sbs096]Search in Google Scholar
[Vorasan, N., Pan-Ngum, W., Jittamala, P., Maneeboonyang, W., Rukmanee, P., Lawpoolsri, S. 2015, Long-term impact of childhood malaria infection on school performance among school children in a malaria endemic area along the Thai-Myanmar border. Malaria Journal, 14:401.10.1186/s12936-015-0917-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Walker, O., Salako, L.A., Sowunmi, A., Thomas, J.O., Sodeine, O., Bondi, F.S., 1992, Prognostic risk factors and post mortem findings in cerebral malaria in children. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 86:491–493.10.1016/0035-9203(92)90082-N]Search in Google Scholar
[Wang, W., Qian, H., Cao, J., 2015, Stem cell therapy: a novel treatment option for cerebral malaria? Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 6(1):10–12.10.1186/s13287-015-0138-6452973226253514]Search in Google Scholar
[Watts, E., Zhao, Y., Dhara, A., Eller, B., Patwardhan, A., Sinai, A.P., 2015, Novel approaches reveal that Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites within tissue cysts are dynamic and replicating entities in vivo. MBio, 6(5):1–24.10.1128/mBio.01155-15460010526350965]Search in Google Scholar
[Webster, J.P., Lamberton, P.H., Donnelly, C.A., Torrey, E.F., 2006, Parasites as causative agents of human affective disorders? The impact of anti-psychotic, mood-stabilizer and anti-parasite medication on Toxoplasma gondii’s ability to alter host behaviour. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 273:1023–1030.10.1098/rspb.2005.3413156024516627289]Search in Google Scholar
[White, V.A., Lewallen, S., Beare, N.A., Molyneux, M.E., Taylor, T.E., 2009, Retinal pathology of pediatric cerebral malaria in Malawi. PLoS One, 4(1):e4317.10.1371/journal.pone.0004317262790419177166]Search in Google Scholar
[Wolf-Gould, C., Osei, L., Commey, J.O.O., Bia, F.J., 1992), Pediatric cerebral malaria in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 38(6):290-294.10.1093/tropej/38.6.2901844087]Search in Google Scholar
[Wokem, G.N., Onosakponome, E., 2018, Comparative study of toxoplasmosis amongst healthy volunteers and schizophrenics attending two health facilities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 25(12):1-8.10.9734/JAMMR/2018/39954]Search in Google Scholar
[World Health Oragnisation (WHO), World Malaria Report, 2018. Https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2018/report/en/. Retrieved 8/15/2019.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wohlfert, E.A., Blader, I.J., Wilson, E.H., 2017, Brains and Brawn: Toxoplasma Infections of the Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle. Trends in Parasitology, 33(7):519-531.10.1016/j.pt.2017.04.001554994528483381]Search in Google Scholar
[Xavier, M., Correa, B., Canas, N., Guimarães, J., 2005, Sudden psychotic episode probably due to meningoencephalitis and Chlamydia pneumoniae acute infection. Clinical Practices and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 1:15.10.1186/1745-0179-1-15123694616164756]Search in Google Scholar
[Xiao, J., Buka, S.L., Cannon, T.D., Suzuki, Y., Viscidi, R.P., Torrey, E.F., Yolken, R.H. 2009, Serological pattern consistent with infection with type I Toxoplasma gondii in mothers and risk of psychosis among adult offspring. Microbes and Infection, 11(13): 1011–1018.10.1016/j.micinf.2009.07.007]Search in Google Scholar
[Yolken, R., Torrey, E.F., Dickerson, F., 2017, Evidence of increased exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with recent onset psychosis but not with established schizophrenia. PLoS Neglected Tropical Disease, 11(11): e0006040.10.1371/journal.pntd.0006040569069229108011]Search in Google Scholar