This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Männistö T, Vääräsmäki M, Pouta A, Hartikainen AL, Ruokonen A, Surcel HM, et al. Perinatal outcome of children born to mothers with thyroid dysfunction or antibodies: a prospective population-based cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(3):772-9.Search in Google Scholar
Glinoer D, Riahi M, Grün JP, Kinthaert J. Risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women with asymptomatic autoimmune thyroid disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;79(1):197-204.Search in Google Scholar
Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, et al. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum. Thyroid. 2017;27(3):315-89.Search in Google Scholar
Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, Azizi F, Mestman J, Negro R, et al. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid. 2011;21(10):1081-125.Search in Google Scholar
Mao J, Pop VJ, Bath SC, Vader HL, Redman CW, Rayman MP. Effect of low-dose selenium on thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in UK pregnant women with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(1):55-61.Search in Google Scholar
Nazarpour S, Ramezani Tehrani F, Simbar M, Azizi F. Thyroid dysfunction and pregnancy outcomes. Iran J Reprod Med. 2015;13(7):387-96.Search in Google Scholar
Zimmermann MB. The role of iodine in human growth and development. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2011;22(6):645-52.Search in Google Scholar
Silva de Morais N, Ayres Saraiva D, Corcino C, Berbara T, Schtscherbyna A, Moreira K, et al. Consequences of Iodine Deficiency and Excess in Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Thyroid. 2020;30(12):1792-801.Search in Google Scholar
Chen X, Chen L, Lian X, Liu C, Shan Z, Shi B, et al. URINARY IODINE CONCENTRATION IS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(5):454-60.Search in Google Scholar
World Health O. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007.Search in Google Scholar
Negro R, Formoso G, Mangieri T, Pezzarossa A, Dazzi D, Hassan H. Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: effects on obstetrical complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(7):2587-91.Search in Google Scholar
Karakosta P, Alegakis D, Georgiou V, Roumeliotaki T, Fthenou E, Vassilaki M, et al. Thyroid dysfunction and autoantibodies in early pregnancy are associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes and adverse birth outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(12):4464-72.Search in Google Scholar
Cignini P, Cafà EV, Giorlandino C, Capriglione S, Spata A, Dugo N. Thyroid physiology and common diseases in pregnancy: review of literature. J Prenat Med. 2012;6(4):64-71.Search in Google Scholar
Saki F, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Ghaemi SZ, Forouhari S, Omrani GR, Bakhshayeshkaram M. Thyroid autoimmunity in pregnancy and its influences on maternal and fetal outcome in Iran (a prospective study). Endocr Res. 2015;40(3):139-45.Search in Google Scholar
Wu Y, Yang J, Su Q, Gu H, Qin L. Urinary iodine concentration and its associations with thyroid function in pregnant women of Shanghai. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1184747.Search in Google Scholar
Rayman MP. Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019;78(1):34-44.Search in Google Scholar
Zimmermann MB, Boelaert K. Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3(4):286-95.Search in Google Scholar
Thangaratinam S, Tan A, Knox E, Kilby MD, Franklyn J, Coomarasamy A. Association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and preterm birth: meta-analysis of evidence. Bmj. 2011;342:d2616.Search in Google Scholar
Teng W, Shan Z, Teng X, Guan H, Li Y, Teng D, et al. Effect of Iodine Intake on Thyroid Diseases in China. New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;354(26):2783-93.Search in Google Scholar
Nishiyama S, Mikeda T, Okada T, Nakamura K, Kotani T, Hishinuma A. Transient hypothyroidism or persistent hyperthyrotropinemia in neonates born to mothers with excessive iodine intake. Thyroid. 2004;14(12):1077-83.Search in Google Scholar
Stagnaro-Green A, Roman SH, Cobin RH, el-Harazy E, Alvarez-Marfany M, Davies TF. Detection of at-risk pregnancy by means of highly sensitive assays for thyroid autoantibodies. Jama. 1990;264(11):1422-5.Search in Google Scholar
Chen L, Hu R. Thyroid autoimmunity and miscarriage: a meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011;74(4):513-9.Search in Google Scholar
Twig G, Shina A, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Pathogenesis of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss in thyroid autoimmunity. J Autoimmun. 2012;38(2-3):J275-81.Search in Google Scholar