Epileptic Seizures in People with HIV- Related Toxoplasmosis and Other Cerebral Disorders

Objectives: This study analyzes the occurrence of epileptic seizures in HIV-infected patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis compared to those with multiple cerebral disorders, including cerebral toxoplasmosis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study with 94 HIV-infected patients at Constanta Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital from 2003-2023. Patients were divided into two groups: 34 with cerebral toxoplasmosis and 60 with multiple cerebral disorders, including toxoplasmosis. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25, and 3-hour EEGs were recorded for five patients to observe cerebral electrical activity.

Results: Generalized onset seizures occurred in 12.77% of patients. Of these, 18.33% were from the multiple disorders group (T+AC), and 2.94% were from the cerebral toxoplasmosis group. The risk of developing generalized seizures was significantly higher in the T+AC group (OR = 7.408).

Conclusions: Maintaining a good immune status in HIV-infected patients can prevent multiple cerebral disorders and associated epileptic seizures, reducing the risk of severe complications. Antiepileptic drugs with minimal interaction with HIV medications are recommended, and EEG is useful for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.