Welding Fumes Versus Respiratory System – An Up-to-Date Overview of Welding Lung Diseases

1 Riccelli MG, Goldoni M, Poli D, Mozzoni P, Cavallo D, Corradi M. Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Jan [cited 2024 Mar 11];17(7):2552. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2552 Search in Google Scholar

2 Berlinger B, Benker N, Weinbruch S, L‘Vov B, Ebert M, Koch W, et al. Physicochemical characterisation of different welding aerosols. Anal Bioanal Chem [Internet]. 2011 Feb 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];399(5):1773–80. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4185-7 Search in Google Scholar

3 Boelter FW, Simmons CE, Berman L, Scheff P. Two-Zone Model Application to Breathing Zone and Area Welding Fume Concentration Data. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene [Internet]. 2009 Apr 6 [cited 2024 Mar 4];6(5):298–306. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620902809895 Search in Google Scholar

4 Government of Canada CC for OH and S. CCOHS: Welding - Fumes And Gases [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Mar 11]. Available from: https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/safety_haz/welding/fumes.html Search in Google Scholar

5 Mocevic E, Kristiansen P, Bonde JP. Risk of ischemic heart disease following occupational exposure to welding fumes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health [Internet]. 2015 Apr 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];88(3):259–72. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-014-0965-2 Search in Google Scholar

6 Website for Wopen C., Contaminant categories: from breatheable to ultrafine, 2015 https://safe-welding.com/contaminant-categories-from-breathable-toultrafine/?print-posts=pdf Search in Google Scholar

7 Manojkumar N, Srimuruganandam B, Shiva Nagendra SM. Application of multiple-path particle dosimetry model for quantifying age specified deposition of particulate matter in human airway. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety [Internet]. 2019 Jan 30 [cited 2024 Mar 4];168:241–8. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651318311035 Search in Google Scholar

8 Cena LG, Keane MJ, Chisholm WP, Stone S, Harper M, Chen BT. A Novel Method for Assessing Respiratory Deposition of Welding Fume Nanoparticles. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene [Internet]. 2014 Dec 2 [cited 2024 Mar 4];11(12):771–80. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2014.919393 Search in Google Scholar

9 Karlsson HL, Toprak Muhammet S, Fadeel B. Chapter 4 - Toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. In: Nordberg GF, Costa M, editors. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals (Fifth Edition) [Internet]. Academic Press; 2022 [cited 2024 Mar 4]. p. 87–126. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128232927000024 Search in Google Scholar

10 Chang C, Demokritou P, Shafer M, Christiani D. Physicochemical and toxicological characteristics of welding fume derived particles generated from real time welding processes. Environ Sci: Processes Impacts [Internet]. 2012 Dec 20 [cited 2024 Mar 4];15(1):214–24. Available from: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2013/em/c2em30505d Search in Google Scholar

11 Haluza D, Moshammer H, Hochgatterer K. Dust is in the Air. Part II: Effects of Occupational Exposure to Welding Fumes on Lung Function in a 9-Year Study. Lung [Internet]. 2014 Feb 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];192(1):111–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-013-9529-6 Search in Google Scholar

12 Abdel-Rasoul GM, El-Sayed Abu-Salem M, Abdel-Azeem Salem E, Younis FE, Abdel-Monaem AM, Allam HK. Respiratory health disorders among workers in some Egyptian welding enterprises. Toxicol Ind Health [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];38(1):53–62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/07482337211064950 Search in Google Scholar

13 Zhou S, Wang Y, Yu C, Ding C, He J, Liu Y, et al. Metal Exposure-Related Welder’s Pneumoconiosis and Lung Function: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Container Factory of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2022 Jan [cited 2024 Mar 4];19(24):16809. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/24/16809 Search in Google Scholar

14 Cha EW, Jeon D, Kang D, Kim YK, Kim SY. Chemical Pneumonitis Caused by the Inhalation of Zinc Oxide Fumes in an Arc Welder. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [Internet]. 2022 Jan [cited 2024 Mar 4];19(13):7954. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/13/7954 Search in Google Scholar

15 de Perio MA, Hendricks KA, Dowell CH, Bower WA, Burton NC, Dawson P, et al. Welder’s Anthrax: A Review of an Occupational Disease. Pathogens [Internet]. 2022 Apr [cited 2024 Mar 4];11(4):402. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/4/402 Search in Google Scholar

16 Torén K, Blanc PD, Naidoo RN, Murgia N, Qvarfordt I, Aspevall O, et al. Occupational Exposure to Dust and to Fumes, Work As a Welder and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Risk [Internet]. Rochester, NY; 2019 [cited 2024 Mar 4]. Available from: https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3439587 Search in Google Scholar

17 Honsa ES, Maresso AW. Mechanisms of iron import in anthrax. Biometals [Internet]. 2011 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];24(3):533–45. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-011-9413-x Search in Google Scholar

18 Marongiu A, Hasan O, Ali A, Bakhsh S, George B, Irfan N, et al. Are welders more at risk of respiratory infections? Findings from a cross-sectional survey and analysis of medical records in shipyard workers: the WELSHIP project. Thorax [Internet]. 2016 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];71(7):601–6. Available from: https://thorax.bmj.com/content/71/7/601 Search in Google Scholar

19 Antonini JM, Taylor MD, Millecchia L, Bebout AR, Roberts JR. Suppression in lung defense responses after bacterial infection in rats pretreated with different welding fumes. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology [Internet]. 2004 Nov 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];200(3):206–18. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041008X04002376 Search in Google Scholar

20 Roach LL. The Relationship of Welding Fume Exposure, Smoking, and Pulmonary Function in Welders. Workplace Health Saf [Internet]. 2018 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];66(1):34–40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/2165079917723927 Search in Google Scholar

21 Mastrangelo G, Tartari M, Fedeli U, Fadda E, Saia B. Ascertaining the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in relation to occupation using a case–control design. Occupational Medicine [Internet]. 2003 May 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];53(3):165–72. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqg041 Search in Google Scholar

22 Respiratory Health Status of Workers that Exposed to Welding Fumes at Lumut Shipyard [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar 4]. Available from: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjbs.2019.143.147 Search in Google Scholar

23 IARC. Welding, Molybdenum Trioxide, and Indium Tin Oxide [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar 4]. Available from: https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Welding-Molybdenum-Trioxide-And-Indium-Tin-Oxide-2018 Search in Google Scholar

24 Flechsig R. REVIEWS What Do We Know Today about Welding-fume Effects on the Respiratory System ? Ind Health [Internet]. 1988 [cited 2024 Mar 4];26(2):93–100. Available from: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/indhealth1963/26/2/26_2_93/_article Search in Google Scholar

25 Hassan SM, Nasir U, Anwar K, Talib U. An assessment of the level of awareness and reported complaints regarding occupational health hazards and the utilization of personal protective equipments among the welders of Lahore, Pakistan. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health [Internet]. 2017 Apr 3 [cited 2024 Mar 4];23(2):98–109. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10773525.2018.1426259 Search in Google Scholar

26 Palmer KT, Cosgrove MP. Vaccinating welders against pneumonia. Occupational Medicine [Internet]. 2012 Jul 5 [cited 2024 Mar 11];62(5):325–30. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs055 Search in Google Scholar

27 Sjögren B, Albin M, Broberg K, Gustavsson P, Tinnerberg H, Johanson G. An occupational exposure limit for welding fumes is urgently needed. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health [Internet]. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];48(1):1–3. Available from: https://www.sjweh.fi/show_abstract.php?abstract_id=4002 Search in Google Scholar

28 Honaryar MK, Lunn RM, Luce D, Ahrens W, Mannetje A ’t, Hansen J, et al. Welding fumes and lung cancer: a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Occup Environ Med [Internet]. 2019 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Mar 4];76(6):422–31. Available from: https://oem.bmj.com/content/76/6/422 Search in Google Scholar

29 Jara-Ettinger AC, López-Tavera JC, Zavala-Cerna MG, Torres-Bugarín O. Genotoxic Evaluation of Mexican Welders Occupationally Exposed to Welding-Fumes Using the Micronucleus Test on Exfoliated Oral Mucosa Cells: A Cross-Sectional, Case-Control Study. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2015 Aug 5 [cited 2024 Mar 4];10(8):e0131548. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0131548 Search in Google Scholar

30 Vale LDO do, Silva VHP da, Almeida FR de, Ribeiro DA, Silva DM da. Avaliação de danos genotóxicos e citotóxicos em células da mucosa bucal de soldadores nas cidades de Cubatão e Santos, São Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Mar 4];15(4):303–9. Available from: http://www.rbmt.org.br/details/263/pt-BR/avaliacaode-danos-genotoxicos-e-citotoxicos-emcelulas-da-mucosa-bucal-de-soldadores-nascidades-de-cubatao-e-santos--sao-paulo Search in Google Scholar