This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Gaitonde DY, Rowley KD, Sweeney LB. Hypothyroidism: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Aug 1;86(3):244-51.Search in Google Scholar
Rork JF, Rashighi M, Harris JE. Understanding autoimmunity of vitiligo and alopecia areata. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016 Aug;28(4):463-9.Search in Google Scholar
Fallahi P, Ruffilli I, Giuggioli D, Colaci M, Ferrari SM, Antonelli A, et al. Associations between Systemic Sclerosis and Thyroid Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017;8:266.Search in Google Scholar
Murtas R, Andreano A, Gervasi F, Guido D, Consolazio D, Tunesi S, et al. Association between autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 as assessed in both a test-negative case–control and population case–control design. Autoimmunity Highlights. 2020 2020/10/06;11(1):15.Search in Google Scholar
Canaris GJ, Steiner JF, Ridgway EC. Do traditional symptoms of hypothyroidism correlate with biochemical disease? J Gen Intern Med. 1997 Sep;12(9):544-50.Search in Google Scholar
Derubertis FR, Jr., Michelis MF, Bloom ME, Mintz DH, Field JB, Davis BB. Impaired water excretion in myxedema. Am J Med. 1971 Jul;51(1):41-53.Search in Google Scholar
Lee JJ, Kilonzo K, Nistico A, Yeates K. Management of hyponatremia. Cmaj. 2014 May 13;186(8):E281-6.Search in Google Scholar
Dineen R, Thompson CJ, Sherlock M. Hyponatraemia - presentations and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2017 Jun;17(3):263-9.Search in Google Scholar
Kilpatrick ES. Disorders of sodium balance: hypothyroidism and hyponatraemia: an old wives’ tale? Bmj. 2006 Apr 8;332(7545):854.Search in Google Scholar
Rachoin JS, Cerceo EA. Four nephrology myths debunked. J Hosp Med. 2011 May;6(5):E1-5.Search in Google Scholar
Schwarz C, Leichtle AB, Arampatzis S, Fiedler GM, Zimmermann H, Exadaktylos AK, et al. Thyroid function and serum electrolytes: does an association really exist? Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:w13669.Search in Google Scholar
Katoch CD, Brar KS, Singh B. Evaluation of thyroid and adrenal functions in patients with hyponatremia. Med J Armed Forces India. 2013 Jul;69(3):237-40.Search in Google Scholar
Croal BL, Blake AM, Johnston J, Glen AC, O’Reilly DS. Absence of relation between hyponatraemia and hypothyroidism. Lancet. 1997 Nov 8;350(9088):1402.Search in Google Scholar
Shakir MK, Krook LS, Schraml FV, Hays JH, Clyde PW. Symptomatic hyponatremia in association with a low-iodine diet and levothyroxine withdrawal prior to I131 in patients with metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2008 Jul;18(7):787-92.Search in Google Scholar
Kim SK, Yun GY, Kim KH, Park SK, Choi HY, Ha SK, et al. Severe hyponatremia following radioactive iodine therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2014 Apr;24(4):773-7.Search in Google Scholar
Krishnamurthy VR, McDougall IR. Severe hyponatremia: a danger of low-iodine diet. Thyroid. 2007 Sep;17(9):889-92.Search in Google Scholar
Sari R, Sevinc A. Life-threatening hyponatremia due to cessation of L-thyroxine. J Natl Med Assoc. 2003 Oct;95(10):991-4.Search in Google Scholar
Chaudhary N, Warraich F, Warraich Z, Warraich S, Anwer F. Effect of Optimal Thyroid Replacement Therapy on Chronic Hyponatremia with Focused Review of the Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications. Cureus. 2019 Oct 1;11(10):e5813.Search in Google Scholar
Milionis HJ, Liamis GL, Elisaf MS. The hyponatremic patient: a systematic approach to laboratory diagnosis. Cmaj. 2002 Apr 16;166(8):1056-62.Search in Google Scholar
Aylwin S, Burst V, Peri A, Runkle I, Thatcher N. ‘Dos and don’ts’ in the management of hyponatremia. Curr Med Res Opin. 2015;31(9):1755-61.Search in Google Scholar
Iglesias P, Díez JJ. Thyroid dysfunction and kidney disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Apr;160(4):503-15.Search in Google Scholar
Emmanouel DS, Lindheimer MD, Katz AI. Mechanism of impaired water excretion in the hypothyroid rat. J Clin Invest. 1974 Oct;54(4):926-34.Search in Google Scholar
Park CW, Shin YS, Ahn SJ, Kim SY, Choi EJ, Chang YS, et al. Thyroxine treatment induces upregulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system due to decreasing effective plasma volume in patients with primary myxoedema. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001 Sep;16(9):1799-806.Search in Google Scholar
Kumar J, Gordillo R, Kaskel FJ, Druschel CM, Woroniecki RP. Increased prevalence of renal and urinary tract anomalies in children with congenital hypothyroidism. J Pediatr. 2009 Feb;154(2):263-6.Search in Google Scholar
Quesada A, Sainz J, Wangensteen R, Rodriguez-Gomez I, Vargas F, Osuna A. Nitric oxide synthase activity in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002 Jul;147(1):117-22.Search in Google Scholar
Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, Annane D, Ball S, Bichet D, et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014 Apr;29 Suppl 2:i1-i39.Search in Google Scholar
Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, Korzelius C, Schrier RW, Sterns RH, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: expert panel recommendations. Am J Med. 2013 Oct;126(10 Suppl 1):S1-42.Search in Google Scholar
Verbalis JG, Drutarosky MD. Adaptation to chronic hypoosmolality in rats. Kidney Int. 1988 Sep;34(3):351-60.Search in Google Scholar
Martin RJ. Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: the osmotic demyelination syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Sep;75 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):iii22-8.Search in Google Scholar
Gankam-Kengne F, Couturier BS, Soupart A, Brion JP, Decaux G. Osmotic Stress-Induced Defective Glial Proteostasis Contributes to Brain Demyelination after Hyponatremia Treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Jun;28(6):1802-13.Search in Google Scholar
Rossi J, Bayram M, Udelson JE, Lloyd-Jones D, Adams KF, Oconnor CM, et al. Improvement in hyponatremia during hospitalization for worsening heart failure is associated with improved outcomes: insights from the Acute and Chronic Therapeutic Impact of a Vasopressin Antagonist in Chronic Heart Failure (ACTIV in CHF) trial. Acute Card Care. 2007;9(2):82-6.Search in Google Scholar
Wong F, Gines P, Watson H, Horsmans Y, Angeli P, Gow P, et al. Effects of a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, satavaptan, on ascites recurrence after paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2010 Aug;53(2):283-90.Search in Google Scholar
Jovanovich AJ, Berl T. Where vaptans do and do not fit in the treatment of hyponatremia. Kidney Int. 2013 Apr;83(4):563-7.Search in Google Scholar
