T0 | T1 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Norms | ||
SNA (°) | 78 | 3.68 | 80.7 | 4.22 | <0.001*** | 82° ± 2 |
SNB (°) | 78.1 | 3.45 | 77.8 | 3.78 | 0.53 | 80° ± 2 |
ANB (°) | -0.1 | 2 | 2.8 | 1.4 | <0.001*** | 2° ± 2 |
A-Nasionperp (mm) | -2 | 1.79 | 0.45 | 2.17 | <0.01** | 0 ± 3 |
Pg-Nasionperp (mm) | -3.66 | 3.24 | -3.7 | 4.2 | 0.97 | -4 ± 5 |
Wits (mm) | -4.72 | 2.8 | -1.97 | 2.45 | <0.01** | -1 ± 3 |
Y Axis (°) | 59 | 2.48 | 59.5 | 2.16 | 0.44 | 59° ± 6 |
SN-GoGn (°) | 35.18 | 2.78 | 36.36 | 3.47 | 0.09 | 32° ± 7 |
FMA (°) | 28 | 2.79 | 28.9 | 2.5 | 0.15 | 25° ± 5 |
N-Me (mm) | 102.5 | 3.6 | 103.8 | 4.25 | 0.15 | 114.4 ± 5 |
S-Go (mm) | 66.69 | 3.11 | 66.72 | 4.54 | 0.97 | 74.4 ± 4 |
ANS-Me (mm) | 57.11 | 2.93 | 59.29 | 2.8 | <0.001*** | 57-58 |
Co-A (mm) | 74.5 | 3.5 | 76.47 | 3.91 | <0.01** | 81 |
Co-Gn (mm) | 98.69 | 4.9 | 99.57 | 6 | 0.4 | 99-102 |
S-N (mm) | 62.35 | 3 | 62.37 | 2.7 | 0.96 | 73.2 ± 3 |
Maxillary Depth (°) | 87.27 | 2 | 90.45 | 2.2 | <0.01** | 90 ± 3 |
Maxillary Height (°) | 59.9 | 2.8 | 59.36 | 2.54 | 0.31 | 53 ± 3 |
FH-Palatal Plane (°) | -0.09 | 2.7 | -1.36 | 3.5 | 0.16 | 4 ± 3 |
Saddle Angle(°) | 125.72 | 6.97 | 122.77 | 6.69 | <0.05* | 122 ± 5 |
Articular Angle (°) | 138.18 | 6.88 | 142.9 | 7.64 | <0.01** | 143 ± 6 |
Gonial Angle (°) | 130.8 | 7.97 | 130.8 | 8.93 | 1 | 130 ± 7 |
Nasolabial Angle (°) | 110.45 | 12.6 | 112.5 | 13 | 0.32 | 104° ± 8 |
UL-E Line (mm) | -2 | 1.3 | -0.9 | 1.42 | <0.001*** | -4 ± 2 |
LL-E Line (mm) | 0.59 | 2.66 | 0.68 | 2.27 | 0.79 | -2 ± 2 |
U1/SN (°) | 99.45 | 4 | 99.72 | 5.2 | 0.84 | 102° ± 5 |
U1/PP (°) | 105.9 | 6 | 107.9 | 6.3 | 0.45 | 110° ± 5 |
U1-A/Vert (mm) | 2.1 | 0.75 | 2.1 | 1.74 | 1 | 4 mm ± 3 |
U1/Occlusal Plane (°) | 60.27 | 3.77 | 58.5 | 5.33 | 0.37 | 57.8 ± 3 |
L1-A/Pg (mm) | 2.59 | 1.99 | 0.6 | 1.51 | <0.01** | 2.7 mm ± 1 |
IMPA | 87.27 | 6.55 | 84.36 | 7.85 | 0.08 | 90° ± 5 |
Interincisor Angle (°) | 137 | 8.49 | 138.3 | 10 | 0.51 | 130° ± 6 |
Holdaway Ratio | -1.76 | 5.45 | -4.86 | 13.5 | 0.39 | 1/1 ± 0.5 |
Molar Relation (mm) | -2.79 | 1.84 | 0.6 | 1.5 | <0.001*** | -3 ± 3 |
Overjet (mm) | -0.13 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 2.4 | <0.001*** | 2.5 ± 2.5 |
Overbite (mm) | -0.03 | 1.9 | -0.8 | 2.9 | 0.81 | 2.5 ± 2.5 |
Sagital parameters | Norms |
---|---|
SNA (°) | 82° ± 2 |
Maxillary High (°) | 53 ± 3 |
Maxillary Depth (°) | 90 ± 3 |
A-Nasionperp (mm) | 0 ± 3 |
Co-A (mm) | 81 |
SNB (°) | 80° ± 2 |
Pg-Nasionperp (mm) | -4 ± 5 |
Co-Gn (mm) | 99-102 |
Maxillomandibular relationship parameters | |
ANB (°) | 2° ± 2 |
Wits (mm) | -1 ± 3 |
Vertical parameters | |
S-N (mm) | 73.2 ± 3 |
ANS-Me (mm) | 57-58 |
FH-Palatal Plane (°) | 4 ± 3 |
SN-GoGn (°) | 32° ± 7 |
FMA (°) | 25° ± 5 |
Y Axis (°) | 59° ± 6 |
Saddle Angle (°) | 122 ± 5 |
Articular Angle (°) | 143 ± 6 |
Gonial Angle (°) | 130 ± 7 |
N-Me (mm) | 114.4 ± 5 |
S-Go (mm) | 74.4 ± 4 |
Dental parameters | |
U1/SN (°) | 102° ± 5 |
U1/PP (°) | 110° ± 5 |
U1-A/Vert (mm) | 4 mm ± 3 |
U1/Occlusal Plane (°) | 57.8 ± 3 |
L1-A/Pg (mm) | 2.7 mm ± 1 |
IMPA (°) | 90° ± 5 |
interincisor Angle (°) | 130° ± 6 |
Holdaway Ratio | 1/1 ± 0.5 |
Molar Relation (mm) | -3 ± 3 |
Overjet (mm) | 2.5 ± 2.5 |
Overbite (mm) | 2.5 ± 2.5 |
Soft tissue Parameters | |
Nasolabial Angle (°) | 104° ± 8 |
UL-E Line (mm) | -4 ± 2 |
LL-E Line (mm) | -2 ± 2 |
4–7 Years old | 8–11 Years old | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Groups | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
ΔSNA (°) | 3 | 2 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 0.7 |
ΔSNB (°) | -0.9 | 1 | -0.3 | 1.8 | 0.4 |
ΔANB (°) | 2.7 | 3.4 | 3 | 1.4 | 0.8 |
ΔA-Nasionperp (mm) | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 0.8 |
ΔPg-Nasionperp (mm) | -0.2 | 3.3 | -0.3 | 4.1 | 0.94 |
ΔWits (mm) | 3.2 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 0.4 |
ΔY Axis(°) | 0.2 | 3.1 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 0.9 |
ΔSN-GoGn (°) | 2.5 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 2 | 0.22 |
ΔFMA (°) | 1.1 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0.8 |
ΔN-Me (mm) | 2.7 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 0.2 |
ΔS-Go (mm) | -0.4 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 0.66 |
ΔANS-Me (mm) | 2.9 | 1.6 | 2 | 1.3 | 0.19 |
ΔCo-A (mm) | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.65 |
ΔCo-Gn (mm) | 0.7 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 0.89 |
ΔS-N (mm) | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.72 |
ΔMaxillary Depth (°) | 3 | 2.7 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
ΔMaxillary Height (°) | 1 | 3.6 | -0.5 | 1.6 | 0.19 |
ΔFH-Palatal Plane (°) | -1.5 | 5 | -1.2 | 2.7 | 0.89 |
ΔSaddle Angle (°) | 1 | 4 | -2.4 | 4.1 | 0.06 |
ΔArticular Angle (°) | 1.4 | 7.8 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 0.24 |
ΔGonial Angle (°) | 0.8 | 4.6 | 0 | 4.4 | 0.67 |
ΔNazolabial Angle (°) | -0.6 | 7.6 | 2 | 6.72 | 0.38 |
ΔUL-E Line (mm) | 0.8 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.58 |
ΔLL-E Line (mm) | -0.4 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.52 |
ΔMolar Relation (mm) | 2.89 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 2 | 0.49 |
ΔOverjet (mm) | 3.3 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 0.75 |
ΔOverbite (mm) | -0.8 | 2.9 | -0.03 | 1.9 | 0.46 |
T0 | T1 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Norms | ||
SNA (°) | 79.72 | 4 | 82.72 | 4.1 | <0.01** | 82° ± 2 |
SNB (°) | 79.6 | 3.93 | 78.6 | 3.88 | <0.05* | 80° ± 2 |
ANB (°) | 0.27 | 2.24 | 4 | 1.37 | <0.001*** | 2° ± 2 |
A-Nasionperp (mm) | -0.69 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 3.5 | <0.01** | 0 ±3 |
Pg-Nasionperp (mm) | -2.6 | 6.7 | -2.87 | 5.2 | 0.82 | -4 ± 5 |
Wits (mm) | -5.4 | 3 | -2.2 | 2.97 | <0.001*** | -1 ± 3 |
Y Axis (°) | 57.9 | 4.6 | 58 | 2.6 | 0.77 | 59° ± 6 |
SN-GoGn (°) | 34.2 | 4 | 36.8 | 5 | <0.05* | 32° ± 7 |
FMA (°) | 27.9 | 4.39 | 29 | 3.1 | 0.23 | 25° ± 5 |
N-Me (mm) | 94.5 | 3 | 97.3 | 3 | <0.001*** | 114.4 ± 5 |
S-Go (mm) | 62 | 4.4 | 61.6 | 3.8 | 0.59 | 74.4 ± 4 |
ANS-Me (mm) | 53.9 | 3.4 | 56.8 | 2.1 | <0.001*** | 57-58 |
Co-A (mm) | 70.32 | 2.78 | 72 | 3.3 | 0.05 | 81 |
Co-Gn (mm) | 92 | 3.6 | 92.7 | 3.3 | 0.31 | 99-102 |
S-N (mm) | 59.48 | 2.4 | 59.8 | 1.99 | 0.47 | 73.2 ± 3 |
Maxillary Depth (°) | 89.27 | 4.26 | 92.36 | 3.44 | <0.01** | 90 ± 3 |
Maxillary Height (°) | 56.27 | 3.9 | 57.36 | 2.5 | 0.34 | 53 ±3 |
FH-Palatal Plane (°) | -1.54 | 4.32 | -3 | 2.97 | 0.34 | 4 ± 3 |
Saddle Angle(°) | 120 | 3.4 | 120.6 | 4.6 | 0.61 | 122 ± 5 |
Articular Angle (°) | 140.45 | 6.36 | 144.27 | 9 | 0.15 | 143 ± 6 |
Gonial Angle (°) | 131.9 | 4.41 | 132.9 | 5.87 | 0.49 | 130 ± 7 |
Nasolabial Angle (°) | 119.18 | 10 | 118.54 | 7.47 | 0.78 | 104° ± 8 |
UL-E Line (mm) | -0.4 | 1.79 | 0.06 | 1.96 | 0.3 | -4 ± 2 |
LL-E Line (mm) | 2 | 1.62 | 0.82 | 2.46 | 0.05 | -2 ± 2 |
Molar Relation (mm) | -3.54 | 2.68 | -0.71 | 2 | <0.001*** | -3 ± 3 |
Overjet (mm) | -1.46 | 2.12 | 2.15 | 1.32 | <0.001*** | 2.5 ± 2.5 |
Overbite (mm) | 0.33 | 3.5 | -0.47 | 2.4 | 0.38 | 2.5 ± 2.5 |
4–7 Years old | 8–11 Years old | ||
---|---|---|---|
Male | 5 (%45.5) | 4 (%36.4) | 0.66 |
Female | 6 (%54.5) | 7 (%63.6) | |
Treatment starting age (years) | |||
Median (min-max) | 6.3 (4.9-7.6) | 9.1 (7.9-11.4) | |
Treatment duration (months) | |||
Mean+SD | 6.6 + 1.3 | 7.6 + 1.2 | 0.09 |
Med (min-max) | 6.3 (5.2-9.3) | 7.8 (5.4-9.1) | |
Daily usage time (hours) | |||
Mean+SD | 8.9 + 1.8 | 7.1 + 0.9 | <0.01 |