1 |
Arendorf 198513 |
Prospective |
Exp: 33 (15/18) |
8–17 y |
ROA |
Six mucosal site (ant and post palate, ant and post tongue, r and l cheek) |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = during therapyT2 = after AppRem (after average 9 mos) |
Imprint Culture (Arendorf and Walker technique) |
Prevalence (%) Density |
PI + saliv pH |
C |
2 |
Hägg 200414 |
Prospective |
Exp: 27 (13/14) |
15.5 + 2.3 y |
FOA |
Rinse Dorsum of the tongue Supra and subgingival plaque |
T0=before AppInsT1 = 1 mos after T0T2 = 2 mos after T0T3 = 3 mos after T0 |
Oral Rinse (Samaranayake technique) Imprint Culture (Arendorf and Walker technique) (SDA, Gram stain, germ tube test, API 20 C AUX) Pooled Plaque |
Prevalence (%)Density (CFU)Species composition |
PI + count of Enterobacteriaceae + total bacterial count |
B |
3 |
Arslan 200815 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 72Exp 2: 42 (19/23) Candida carriers out of 72 subjects, that were treated |
19.8 y |
FOA (metal brackets) |
Dorsum of the tongue (only for T0)Mid-palate (only for T0)SalivaU5/L5U1/L1 |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = 1 mos after T0T2 = 6 mos after T0T3 = 12 mos after T0 |
Swab Culture (Kleinegger method, SDA)Salivary culture (SDA, Gram staining, germ-tube test, chlamydospore, API 20C AUX system))Pooled plaque (SDA) |
Prevalence (%)Density (CFU)Species composition |
None |
B |
4 |
Lee 200816 |
Prospective |
Exp: 97 (38/59) |
17.7 y |
FOA |
Rinse |
From T0 = before AppIns to T10 = 12 mos after T0 |
Oral rinse technique (Samaranayake technique, SDA)Phenotypic methods (germ-tube test; API ID 32C)Genotypic methods (RAPD analysis)Dendogram analysis |
Prevalence (%)Species composition |
None |
C |
5 |
Mahmoudadabi 200917 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 34Exp 2: 34 |
13 y (Exp 1)12.5 y (Exp 2) |
ROA (upper) Cr |
Saliva Surface of upper appliance (not considered) |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = over 8 mos after T0 |
Culture (Arendorf and Walker, Davenport techiques) (CHROMagar; germ-tube test) |
Prevalence (%)Count (CFU)Species composition |
None |
C |
6 |
Gonçalves e Silva 201418 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 30Exp 2: 30 |
9.1+−1.7 (Exp 1)7.7+−1.5 (Exp 2) |
ROA Cr |
Cheek and lateral surface of the tongue Saliva |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = at least 6 mos after T0 |
Culture (SDA; CHROMagar) Phenotypic methods Exfoliative cytology |
Prevalence (%)Count (CFU)Species composition |
Counts of Anti-C.albicansIgA |
B |
7 |
Arab 20168 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 30 (6/24) |
12–18 y |
FOA |
Saliva |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = 6 we after T0T2 = 12 we after T0T3 = 18 we after T0 |
Culture (SDA) |
Count (CFU) |
Salivary flow and pH Microbial counts (S. mutans/L. acidophilus) |
C |
8 |
Khanpayeh 201419 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 40Exp 2: 40 (35/45) |
7–18 y |
FOA (metal) ROA |
Unstimulated saliva |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = 6 mos after T0 |
Culture (SDA; Germ-tube test; corn meal agar)Biochemical tests (API 20C method) |
Frequency (%)Species composition |
None |
B |
9 |
Kundu 201620 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 10Exp 2: 10 (not considered) |
6–15 y |
ROA Fixed space maintainers (nc) |
Unstimulated saliva |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = 1 mo after T0T2 = 3 mos after T0T3 = 6 mos after T0 |
Culture (SDA) |
Count (CFU) |
Bacterial count (S. mutans and Lactobacillussp.) |
B |
10 |
Zheng 201621 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 50 (23/27) |
10–18 (13.6 y) |
FOA |
Gargle |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = 1 mo after T0T2 = 2 mos after T0T3 = 3 mos after T0T4 = 6 mos after T0 |
Culture (CHROMagar)PCR (Tiangen Biotech) |
Incidence (%)Count (CFU)Species composition |
None |
B |
11 |
Shukla 201722 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 60 |
16–18 y |
FOA |
Buccal and labial Plaque of anterior teeth and U6 + L6 |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = 2 mo after T0T2 = 3 mos after T0 |
Swab Culture (SDA; Gram stain; germ tube test, counts in CFU) |
Count (CFU) |
S. mutans |
B |
12 |
Grzegocka 202023 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 17 (6M/11) |
17+−7 y |
FOA |
Oral rinse Elastomeric rings (nc) |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = 2 we after T0T2 = 6 we after T0T3 = 12 we after T0 |
Culture (Dalmau plate technique)Biochemical tests (API 20C AUX) |
Prevalence (%)Count(CFU) Species composition |
APIGBIBiofilm formation |
C |
13 |
Sanz-Orrio-Soler 202024 |
Prospective Controlled Trial |
Exp 1: 124 (43/80) |
19.5 y |
FOA (metal or ceramic) |
U and L vestibule |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = 1 mo after T0T2 = 6 mos after T0T3 = 12 mos after T0T4 = 6 mos after |
Swab Culture (CHROMagar plates, Becton Dickinson) |
Frequency (%)Species composition |
Questionnaire about hygiene habits |
B |
14 |
Pellissari 202125 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 23 (7/10)Exp 2: 6 (2/4) |
20.7+− 8.7 y (Exp 1)19.6+−1.3 y (Exp 2) |
FOACr |
Biofilm around bck |
From 3 to 6 mos after AppIns |
Culture Biochemical tests (VITEK 2 compact system) |
Prevalence (%)Species composition |
Fungal strains and resistance to Antifungals Bacterial strains and resistance to Antimicrobials |
B |
15 |
Rodríguez Rentería 202126 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 55 (34/21) |
8.4 y |
ROA |
Support oral mucosa Surface of ROA (not considered) |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = 4 we after T0 |
Chromogenic culture (ID 32 C AUX system) |
Frequency (%)Species composition |
Microbial species (Str.aureus, P.aeruginosa) |
C |
16 |
Kouvelis 202127 |
Prospective |
Exp 1: 30 (17/13) |
13.97 +− 2.07 |
FOA |
Saliva |
T0 = before AppInsT1 = 4 we after T0T1 = 12 we after T0 |
Culture |
Count |
Salivary pH, flow rate, buffering capacityOther microbial species |
C |