Uneingeschränkter Zugang

Roles of Dietary Supplementation of Exogenous Protease in Low Fishmeal Aquafeed − A Mini Review


Zitieren

Abd Elnabi H.E., Hassanen G.D.I., Soltan M.A., Dokdok G.A. (2020). Effect of protease and prebiotic mixtures with free fishmeal diets on physiological responses and histological examinations of the red tilapia, Oreochromis sp. Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish., 24: 361–378. Search in Google Scholar

Adeoye A.A., Yomla R., Jaramillo-Torres A., Rodiles A., Merrifield D.L., Davies S.J. (2016). Combined effects of exogenous enzymes and probiotic on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth, intestinal morphology and microbiome. Aquaculture., 463: 61–70. Search in Google Scholar

Anadon A., Ares I., Martínez-Larrañaga M.R., Martínez M.A. (2019). Enzymes in feed and animal health. Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04624-8_21 303–313. Search in Google Scholar

Ao T., Cantor A.H., Pescatore A.J., Pierce J.L., Dawson K.A. (2010). Effects of citric acid, alpha-galactosidase and protease inclusion on in vitro nutrient release from soybean meal and trypsin inhibitor content in raw whole soybeans. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 162: 58–65. Search in Google Scholar

Bakke A.M., Glover C., Krogdahl Å. (2010). Feeding, digestion and absorption of nutrients. In: Fish physiology, vol. 30, Academic Press, pp. 57–110. Search in Google Scholar

Barekatain M.R., Antipatis C., Choct M., Iji P.A. (2013). Interaction between protease and xylanase in broiler chicken diets containing sorghum distillers’ dried grains with solubles. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 182: 71–81. Search in Google Scholar

Bedford M.R., Cowieson A.J. (2012). Exogenous enzymes and their effects on intestinal microbiology Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 173: 76–85. Search in Google Scholar

Bhatty R.S., Cherdkiatgumchai P. (1990). Compositional analysis of laboratory-prepared and commercial samples of linseed meal and of hull isolated from flax. J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 67: 79–84. Search in Google Scholar

Bikker P., Dirkzwager A., Fledderus J., Trevisi P., Le Huërou-Luron I., Lallès J.P., Awati A. (2006). The effect of dietary protein and fermentable carbohydrates levels on growth performance and intestinal characteristics in newly weaned piglets. Anim. Sci. J., 84: 3337–3345. Search in Google Scholar

Borch K., Pederson I., Hogmo R.O. (2015). The use of probiotics in fish feed for intensive aquaculture to promote healthy guts. Adv. Aquac. Fish. Manag., 3: 264–273. Search in Google Scholar

Breck J.E. (2014). Body composition in fishes: Body size matters. Aquaculture, 433: 40–49. Search in Google Scholar

Brito R., Chimal M.E., Gaxiola G., Rosas C. (2000). Growth, metabolic rate, and digestive enzyme activity in the white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus early postlarvae fed different diets. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 255: 21–36. Search in Google Scholar

Buddington R.K., Krogdahl Å. (2004). Hormonal regulation of the fish gastrointestinal tract. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol. Comp. Biochem. Phys. A., 139: 261–271. Search in Google Scholar

Buttin P., Yan F., Dinbner J., Knight C.D., Vazquez-Anon M., Odetallah N., Carter S. (2016). Effect of dietary protein and protease supplementation on performance and gut health of broiler chicks. Poultry Sci., 99: 3557–3566. Search in Google Scholar

Caine W.R., Verstegen M.W.A., Sauer W.C., Tamminga S., Schulze H. (1998). Effect of protease treatment of soybean meal on content of total soluble matter and crude protein and level of soybean trypsin inhibitors. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 71: 177–183. Search in Google Scholar

Chen J., Ye J., Xu Y., Shen B., Guo J., Pan Q., Wang Y. (2009). Effect of adding neutral protease to diets on growth performance, digestion, and body composition of fingerling black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus). Acta. Microbiol. Sin., 33: 726–731. Search in Google Scholar

Cowieson A.J., Ravindran V. (2008). Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers: growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids. Br. Poult Sci., 49: 37–44. Search in Google Scholar

Cowieson A.J., Roos F.F. (2013). Bioefficacy of a mono-component protease in the diets of pigs and poultry: a meta-analysis of effect on ileal amino acid digestibility. J. Appl. Anim. Nutr., 2: E13. Search in Google Scholar

Dalsgaard J., Bach Knudsen K.E., Verlhac V., Ekmann K.S., Pedersen P.B. (2016). Supplementing enzymes to extruded, soybean-based diet improves breakdown of non-starch polysaccharides in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacult. Nutr., 22: 419–426. Search in Google Scholar

Dalsgaard J., Verlhac V., Hjermitslev N.H., Ekmann K.S., Fischer M., Klausen M., Pedersen P.B. (2012). Effects of exogenous enzymes on apparent nutrient digestibility in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets with high inclusion of plant-based protein. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 171: 181–191. Search in Google Scholar

Ding-Yun L.X.L.I.U., Yong-Hong L.I.X.L.U. (2008). Effects of pro-tease AG on growth and digestive protease activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerling. J. Anim. Nutr., 20: 1–7. Search in Google Scholar

Do Thi T.H., Isidori N., Lucien-Brun H., Chowdhury M.A.K. (2015). Dietary protease improves growth performance and size distribution of snakehead fed a low fish meal diet. Aquacult. Pacific Asia, 11: 44–46. Search in Google Scholar

Dokdok G., Abd Elnabi H., Soltan M., Ibrahim G. (2020). Effect of dietary supplementation (prebiotic mixtures and protease enzyme combination) on growth performance and feed utilization of red tilapia Oreochromis sp. fed with diets free fishmeal. Sinai J. Appl. Sci., 9: 63–76. Search in Google Scholar

Drew M.D., Racz V.J., Gauthier R., Thiessen D.L. (2005). Effect of adding protease to coextruded flax:pea or canola:pea products on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 119: 117–128. Search in Google Scholar

Ehsani M., Torki M. (2010). Effects of dietary inclusion of guar meal supplemented by β-mannanase on performance of laying hens, egg quality characteristics and diacritical counts of white blood cells. Am. J. Anim. Vet., 5: 237–243. Search in Google Scholar

García-Carreño F.L. (1992). Protease inhibition in theory and practice. Biotechnol. Edu., 3: 145–150. Search in Google Scholar

Gatlin III D.M., Barrows F.T., Brown P., Dabrowski K., Gaylord T.G., Hardy R.W., Herman E., Hu G., Krogdahl Å., Nelson R. (2007). Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review. Aquac. Res., 38: 551–579. Search in Google Scholar

Ghodrati M., Hosseini Shekarabi S.P., Rajabi Islami H., Shenavar Masouleh A., Shamsaie Mehrgan M. (2021 a). Singular or combined dietary administration of multi-strain probiotics and multi-enzyme influences growth, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal morphology in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Aquacult. Nutr., 27: 966–976. Search in Google Scholar

Ghodrati M., Islami H.R., Shekarabi S.P.H., Masouleh A.S., Mehrgan M.S. (2021 b). Combined effects of enzymes and probiotics on hemato-biochemical parameters and immunological responses of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 112: 116–124. Search in Google Scholar

Ghomi M.R., Shahriari R., Langroudi H.F., Nikoo M., Elert E. (2012). Effects of exogenous dietary enzyme on growth, body composition, and fatty acid profiles of cultured great sturgeon Huso huso fingerlings. Aquacult. Int., 20: 249–254. Search in Google Scholar

Goda A.M., Ahmed S.R., Nazmi H.M., Baromh M.Z., Fitzsimmons K., Rossi Jr W., Davies S., El-Haroun E. (2020). Partial replacement of dietary soybean meal by high-protein distiller’s dried grains (HPDDG) supplemented with protease enzyme for European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax fingerlings. Aquac. Nutr., 26: 842–852. Search in Google Scholar

Gu M., Bai N., Xu W., Zhou H., Zhang W., Mai K. (2016). Effects of dietary β-conglycinin and glycinin on digestive enzymes activities, intestinal histology and immune responses of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Aquac. Res., 47: 1001–1008. Search in Google Scholar

Haider M.S., Ashraf M., Azmat H., Khalique A., Javid A., Atique U., Akram S. (2016). Nutritive evaluation of fish acid silage in Labeo rohita fingerlings feed. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 44: 158–164. Search in Google Scholar

Haider M.S., Javid A., Azmat H., Abbas S., Ashraf S., Altaf M., Baool M. (2018). Effect of processed fish waste on growth rate and digestive enzymes activities in Cyprinus carpio. Pak. J. Zool., 13: 191–198. Search in Google Scholar

Hassaan M.S., El-Sayed A.I.M., Soltan M.A., Iraqi M.M., Goda A.M., Davies S., El-Haroun E.R., Ramadan H.A. (2019). Partial dietary fish meal replacement with cotton seed meal and supplementation with exogenous protease alters growth, feed performance, hematological indices and associated gene expression markers (GH, IGF-I) for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 503: 282–292. Search in Google Scholar

Hassaan M.S., Mohammady E.Y., Soaudy M.R., Elashry M.A., Moustafa M.M.A., Wassel M.A., Elsaied H.E. (2021). Synergistic effects of Bacillus pumilus and exogenous protease on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth, gut microbes, immune response and gene expression. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 275: 114982. Search in Google Scholar

Hassaan M.S., Soltan M.A., Jarmołowicz S., Abdo H.S. (2018). Combined effects of dietary malic acid and Bacillus subtilis on growth, gut microbiota and blood parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquacult. Nutr., 24: 83–93. Search in Google Scholar

Hassaan M.S, Mohammady E.Y., Adnan A.M., Abd Elnabi H.E., Ayman M.F., Soltan M.A., El-Haroun E.R. (2020). Effect of dietary protease at different levels of malic acid on growth, digestive enzymes and haemato-immunological responses of Nile tilapia, fed fish meal free diets. Aquaculture, 522: 735124. Search in Google Scholar

Hekmatpour F., Kochanian P., Marammazi J.G., Zakeri M., Mousavi S.M. (2019). Changes in serum biochemical parameters and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sobaity sea bream (Sparidentex hasta) in response to partial replacement of dietary fish meal with poultry by-product meal. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 45: 599–611. Search in Google Scholar

Hernandez C., Olvera-Novoa M.A., Hardy R.W., Hermosillo A., Reyes C., González B. (2010). Complete replacement of fish meal by porcine and poultry by-product meals in practical diets for fingerling Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: digestibility and growth performance. Aquacult. Nutr., 16: 44–53. Search in Google Scholar

Hlophe-Ginindza S.N., Moyo N.A.G., Ngambi J.W., Ncube I. (2016). The effect of exogenous enzyme supplementation on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in Oreochromis mossambicus fed kikuyu-based diets. Aquac. Res., 47: 3777–3787. Search in Google Scholar

Hosseini Shekarabi S.P., Shamsaie Mehrgan M., Banavreh A. (2021 a). Feasibility of superworm, Zophobas morio, meal as a partial fish-meal replacer in fingerling rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, diet: growth performance, amino acid profile, proteolytic enzymes activity and pigmentation. Aquac. Nutr., 27: 1077–1088. Search in Google Scholar

Hosseini Shekarabi S.P., Shamsaie Mehrgan M., Banavreh, A., Foroudi F. (2021 b). Partial replacement of fishmeal with corn protein concentrate in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effects on growth performance, physiometabolic responses, and fillet quality. Aquac. Res., 52: 249–259. Search in Google Scholar

Hosseini Shekarabi S.P., Ghodrati M., Dawood M.A., Masouleh A.S., Roudbaraki A.F. (2022). The multi-enzymes and probiotics mixture improves the growth performance, digestibility, intestinal health, and immune response of Siberian sturgeon. Ann. Anim. Sci., 22: 1063–1072. Search in Google Scholar

Huan D., Li X., Chowdhury M.A.K., Yang H., Liang G., Leng X. (2018). Organic acid salts, protease and their combination in fish meal-free diets improved growth, nutrient retention and digestibility of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Aquacult. Nutr., 24: 1813–1821. Search in Google Scholar

Kemigabo C., Jere L.W., Sikawa D., Masembe C., Kang’ombe J., Abdel-Tawwab M. (2019). Growth response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), larvae and fingerlings fed protease-incorporated diets. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 35: 480–487. Search in Google Scholar

Kolkovski S., Tandler A., Kissil G.W., Gertler A. (1993). The effect of dietary exogenous digestive enzymes on ingestion, assimilation, growth and survival of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, Sparidae, Linnaeus) larvae. Fish. Physiol. Biochem. 12: 203–209. Search in Google Scholar

Lee S., Chowdhury M.A.K., Hardy R.W., Small B.C. (2020). Apparent digestibility of protein, amino acids and gross energy in rainbow trout fed various feed ingredients with or without protease. Aquaculture, 524: 735270. Search in Google Scholar

Li X.Q., Chai X.Q., Liu D.Y., Kabir Chowdhury M.A., Leng X.J. (2016). Effects of temperature and feed processing on protease activity and dietary protease on growths of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. Aquacult. Nutr., 22: 1283–1292. Search in Google Scholar

Li X.Q., Zhang X., Kabir Chowdhury M.A., Zhang Y., Leng X. (2019). Dietary phytase and protease improved growth and nutrient utilization in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus) fed low phosphorus and fishmeal-free diets. Aquacult. Nutr., 25: 46–55. Search in Google Scholar

Lin S., Mai K., Tan B. (2007). Effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation in diets on growth and feed utilization in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. Aquac. Res., 38: 1645–1653. Search in Google Scholar

Liu W., Wu J.P., Li Z., Duan Z.Y., Wen H. (2018). Effects of dietary coated protease on growth performance, feed utilization, nutrient apparent digestibility, intestinal and hepatopancreas structure in juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Aquacult. Nutr., 24: 47–55. Search in Google Scholar

Liu W., Yang Y., Zhang J., Gatlin D.M., Ringø E., Zhou Z. (2014). Effects of dietary microencapsulated sodium butyrate on growth, intestinal mucosal morphology, immune response and adhesive bacteria in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) pre-fed with or without oxidised oil. Br. J. Nutr., 112: 15–29. Search in Google Scholar

Luo Z., Tan X., Chen Y., Wang W., Zhou G. (2008). Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected feed ingredients for Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Aquaculture, 285: 141–145. Search in Google Scholar

Mahmood T., Mirza M.A., Nawaz H., Shahid M. (2017). Effect of different exogenous proteases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass response in broiler chickens fed poultry by-product meal-based diets. Livest. Sci., 200: 71–75. Search in Google Scholar

Maryam, Shah S.Z.H., Fatima M., Hussain S.M., Nadeem H., Hussain M. (2022). The effectiveness of protease supplemented poultry by-product meal-based diet on growth, nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities of rohu (Labeo rohita). Aquac. Res., 53: 3841–3852. Search in Google Scholar

Neto Y.A.H., Rosa J.C., Cabral H. (2019). Peptides with antioxidant properties identified from casein, whey, and egg albumin hydrolysates generated by two novel fungal proteases. Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol., 49: 639–648. Search in Google Scholar

Ng W., Koh C., Sudesh K., Siti-Zahrah A. (2009). Effects of dietary organic acids on growth, nutrient digestibility and gut microflora of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp., and subsequent survival during a challenge test with Streptococcus agalactiae. Aquac. Res., 40: 1490–1500. Search in Google Scholar

NRC (2011). Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. National Academies Press. Search in Google Scholar

Pal R.S., Bhartiya A., Yadav P., Kant L., Mishra K.K., Aditya J.P., Pattanayak A. (2017). Effect of dehulling, germination and cooking on nutrients, anti-nutrients, fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties in lentil (Lens culinaris). J. Food Sci. Technol., 54: 909–920. Search in Google Scholar

Palacios M.F., Easter R.A., Soltwedel K.T., Parsons C.M., Douglas M.W., Hymowitz T., Pettigrew J.E. (2004). Effect of soybean variety and processing on growth performance of young chicks and pigs. Anim Sci. J., 82: 1108–1114. Search in Google Scholar

Putnuan P., Jintasataporn Srinoy O.C. (2020). In vitro digestibility of fishmeal reduction diet in combination with protease enzyme by Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) digestive enzyme. Msu Editorial Board for Proceeding, 44: 1–7. Search in Google Scholar

Ragaa N.M., Abu Elala N.M., Kamal A.M., Kamel N.F. (2017). Effect of a serine-protease on performance parameters and protein digestibility of cultured Oreochromis niloticus fed diets with different protein levels. Pak. J. Nutr., 16: 148–154. Search in Google Scholar

Rawlings N.D., Tolle D.P., Barrett A.J. (2004). MEROPS: the peptidase database. Nucleic Acids Res., 32 (suppl_1): D160–D164. Search in Google Scholar

Rombout J.H.W.M., Abelli L., Picchietti S., Scapigliati G., Kiron V. (2011). Teleost intestinal immunology. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 31: 616–626. Search in Google Scholar

Saleh E.S.E., Tawfeek S.S., Abdel-Fadeel A.A.A., Abdel-Daim A.S.A., Abdel-Razik A.H., Youssef I.M.I. (2021). Effect of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance, water quality, blood parameters and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 106: 419–428. Search in Google Scholar

Satheeshkumar P., Ananthan G., Senthilkumar D., Khan A.B., Jeevanantham K. (2012). Comparative investigation on haematological and biochemical studies on wild marine teleost fishes from Vellar estuary, southeast coast of India. Comp. Clin. Path., 21: 275–281. Search in Google Scholar

Shah S.Z.H., Fatima M., Afzal M., Bilal M. (2021). Interactive effect of citric acid, phytase and chelated mineral on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and whole-body composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Aquac. Res., 52: 842–858. Search in Google Scholar

Shi Z., Li X.Q., Chowdhury M.A.K., Chen J.N., Leng X.J. (2016). Effects of protease supplementation in low fish meal pelleted and extruded diets on growth, nutrient retention and digestibility of gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. Aquaculture, 460: 37–44. Search in Google Scholar

Sinha A.K., Kumar V., Makkar H.P.S., Boeck G.D., Becker K. (2011). Non-starch polysaccharides and their role in fish nutrition. A review. Food Chem., 127: 1409–1426. Search in Google Scholar

Soltan M.A. (2009). Effect of dietary fish meal replacement by poultry by-product meal with different grain source and enzyme supplementation on performance, feces recovery, body composition and nutrient balance of Nile tilapia. Pak. J. Nutr., 8: 395–407. Search in Google Scholar

Song H.L., Tan B.P., Chi S.Y., Liu Y., Chowdhury M.A.K., Dong X.H. (2017). The effects of a dietary protease-complex on performance, digestive and immune enzyme activity, and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei fed high plant protein diets. Aquac. Res., 48: 2550–2560. Search in Google Scholar

Sriket C. (2014). Proteases in fish and shellfish: Role on muscle softening and prevention. Int. Food. Res. J., 21: 433. Search in Google Scholar

Subasinghe R., Soto D., Jia J. (2009). Global aquaculture and its role in sustainable development. Rev. Aquac., 1: 2–9. Search in Google Scholar

Tacon A.G.J. (2020). Trends in global aquaculture and aquafeed production: 2000–2017. Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac., 23: 43–56. Search in Google Scholar

Tacon A.G.J., Metian M., Hasan M.R. (2009). Feed ingredients and fertilizers for farmed aquatic animals: sources and composition (No. 540). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Search in Google Scholar

Turner J.R. (2006). Molecular basis of epithelial barrier regulation: From basic mechanisms to clinical application. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 169: 1901–1909. Search in Google Scholar

Uzzau S., Bossi L., Figueroa-Bossi N. (2002). Differential accumulation of Salmonella [Cu, Zn] superoxide dismutases SodCI and SodCII in intracellular bacteria: correlation with their relative contribution to pathogenicity. Mol. Microbiol., 46: 147–156. Search in Google Scholar

Wang A.M. (2003). Effects of exogenous enzymes of intestine and hepatic-pancreas enzymes activity, intestine tissue and performance of allogynogenetic crucian carp. China: Nanjing Agricultural University. Search in Google Scholar

Williams B.A., Bosch M.W., Awati A., Konstantinov S.R., Smidt H., Akkermans A.D.L., Verstegen M.W.A., Tamminga S. (2005). In vitro assessment of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) fermentation in pigs: Fermentable substrates and microbial activity. Anim. Res., 54: 191–201. Search in Google Scholar

Wu J.J., Liu W., Jiang M., Zhou Y., Wang W.M., Wen H., Liu H. (2020). Beneficial effects of dietary exogenous protease on the growth, intestinal health and immunity of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) fed plant-based diets. Aquac. Nutr., 26: 1822–1834. Search in Google Scholar

Wu T., Jiang J., Lu R., Lin Y. (2020). Effects of dietary inclusion of soybean meal and cholesterol on the growth, cholesterol status and metabolism of the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Aquac. Nutr., 26: 351–357. Search in Google Scholar

Yang J.-L., Chen H.-Ch. (2003). Serum metabolic enzyme activities and hepatocyte ultrastructure of common carp after gallium exposure. Zool. Stud., 42: 455–461. Search in Google Scholar

Yano T. (1996). The nonspecific immune system: humoral defense. Fish Physiol., 15: 105–157. Search in Google Scholar

Yigit N.O., Bahadir Koca S., Didinen B.I., Diler I. (2018). Effect of protease and phytase supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) fed soybean meal-based diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 46: 29–32. Search in Google Scholar

Zhai S.W., Lu J.J., Chen X.H. (2016). Effects of dietary grapeseed proanthocyanidins on growth performance, some serum biochemical parameters and body composition of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Int. J. App. Sci., 13: 536–540. Search in Google Scholar

Zhou Q.C., Yue Y. (2012). Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected feed ingredients for juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus. Aquac. Res., 43: 806–814. Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2300-8733
Sprache:
Englisch
Zeitrahmen der Veröffentlichung:
4 Hefte pro Jahr
Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:
Biologie, Biotechnologie, Zoologie, Medizin, Veterinärmedizin