[
Álvarez F., Casanoves F., Suárez J.C., Pezo D. (2021). The effect of different levels of tree cover on milk production in dual-purpose livestock systems in the humid tropics of the Colombian Amazon region. Agrofor. Syst., 95: 93–102.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Améndola L., Solorio F.J.J., Ku-Vera J.C.C., Améndola-Massioti R. D.D., Zarza H., Mancera K.F.F., Galindo F. (2018). A pilot study on the foraging behaviour of heifers in intensive silvopastoral and monoculture systems in the tropics. Animal, 13: 606–616.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Angrecka S., Herbut P. (2015). Conditions for cold stress development in dairy cattle kept in free stall barn during severe frosts. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 60: 81–87.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Aria M., Cuccurullo C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J. Informetr., 11: 959–975.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Baliscei M.A., Souza W., Barbosa O.R., Cecato U., Krutzmann A., Queiroz E.D.O. (2012). Behavior of beef cattle and the microclimate with and without shade. Acta Sci. Anim. Sci., 34: 409–415.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bertogna K.F., Moreira P.S.A., Gomes F.J., Kachiyama F.B., Groth A., Rezende M.O., Magalhães C.A.S., Lopes L.B. (2022). Parameters associated with sexual precocity of Nellore heifers in integrated systems. Agrofor. Syst., 96: 669–679.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brunetti H.B., Pezzopane J.R.M., Bonani W.L., Bosi C., Neto R.P., Bernardi A.C.D.C., Oliveira P.P.A. (2022). Productive and nutritive traits of Piatã palisadegrass after thinning the forest component of a silvopastoral system in southeastern Braz. J. Agricul. Sci., 160: 338–348.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bosi C., Pezzopane J.R.M., Sentelhas P.C. (2020). Silvopastoral system with eucalyptus as a strategy for mitigating the effects of climate change on Brazilian pasturelands. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc., 92: e20180425.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Broom D.M. (2017). Components of sustainable animal production and the use of silvopastoral systems. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 46: 683–688.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Burgess P.J., Rosati A. (2018). Advances in European agroforestry: results from the AGFORWARD project. Agrofor. Syst., 92: 801–810.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Camilli F., Pisanelli A., Seddaiu G., Franca A., Bondesan V., Rosati A., Moreno G.M., Pantera A., Hermansen J.E., Burgess P.J. (2018). How local stakeholders perceive agroforestry systems: an Italian perspective. Agrof. Syst., 92: 849–862.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cardoso C.S., von Keyserlingk M.A.G., Machado Filho L.C.P., Hötzel M.J. (2021). Dairy heifer motivation for access to a shaded area. Animals, 11: 2507.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Carnevalli R.A., Mello A.C.T., Coletti A.J., Garcia L.F., Xavier D.B. (2020). Shade controls the ruminating and idleness times of dairy heifers in tropical integrated systems. Agrofor. Syst., 94: 779–790.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Carvalho P., Domiciano L.F., Mombach M.A., Nascimento H.L.B., Cabral L.S., Sollenberger L.E., Pereira D.H., Pedreira B.C. (2019). Forage and animal production on palisadegrass pastures growing in monoculture or as a component of integrated crop– livestock–forestry systems. Grass Forage Sci., 74: 650–660.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chen J.M., Schütz K.E., Tucker C.B. (2013). Dairy cows use and prefer feed bunks fitted with sprinklers. J. Dairy Sci., 96: 5035–5045.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cobo M.J., López-Herrera A.G., Herrera-Viedma E., Herrera F. (2011). An approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: A practical application to the Fuzzy Sets Theory field. J. Informetr., 5: 146–166.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
De-Sousa K.T., Deniz M., Vale M.M., Dittrich J.R., Hötzel M.J. (2021 a). Influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behavior in three pasture systems during the winter in south Brazil. J. Therm. Biol., 97: 102873.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
De-Sousa K.T., Deniz M., Moro M.F., Gomes I.C., Vale M.M., Dittrich J.R. (2021 b). Developing of a model to predict lying behavior of dairy cows on silvopastoral system during the winter season. Int. J. Biometeorol., 65: 1781–1786.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
De Souza E.C., Salman A.K.D., Cruz P.G., Veit H.M., Carvalho G.A., Silva F.R.F., Schmitt E. (2019). Thermal comfort and grazing behavior of Girolando heifers in integrated crop-livestock (ICL) and crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) systems. Acta Anim. Sci., 41: 1–11.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
De Souza W., Barbosa O.R., Marques J.D.A., Gasparino E., Cecato U., Barbero L.M. (2010). Behavior of beef cattle in silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 677–684.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Deniz M., Schmitt Filho A.L., Hötzel M.J., De-Sousa K.T., Machado Filho L.C.P., Sinisgalli P.A. (2020). Microclimate and pasture area preferences by dairy cows under high biodiversity silvopastoral system in Southern Brazil. Int. J. Biometeorol., 64: 1877–1887.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Deniz M., De-Sousa K.T., Moro M.F., Vale M.M., Dittrich J.R., Machado Filho L.C.P., Hötzel M.J. (2021 a). Social hierarchy influences dairy cows’ use of shade in a silvopastoral system under intensive rotational grazing. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 244: 105467.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Deniz M., De-Sousa K.T., Gomes I.C., Vale M.M., Dittrich J.R. (2021 b). Classification of environmental factors potentially motivating for dairy cows to access shade. J. Dairy Res., 88: 274–277.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Desmiwati D., Veriasa T.O., Aminah A., Safitri A.D., Hendarto K.A., Wisudayati T.A., Royani H., Dewi K.H., Raharjo S.N.I., Sari D.R. (2021). Contribution of agroforestry systems to farmer income in state forest areas: A case study of Parungpanjang, Indonesia. For. Soc., 5: 109–119.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Devkota N.R., Kemp P.D., Hodgson J. (1997). Screening pasture species for shade tolerance. Agron. Soc. New Zeal., 27: 119–128.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Devkota N.R., Kemp P.D., Hodgson J., Valentine I., Jaya I.K.D. (2009). Relationship between tree canopy height and the production of pasture species in a silvopastoral system based on alder trees. Agrofor. Syst., 76: 363–374.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Domiciano L.F., Mombach M.A., Carvalho P., Silva N.M.F., Pereira D.H., Cabral L.S., Lopes L.B., Pedreira B.C. (2016). Performance and behaviour of Nellore steers on integrated systems. Anim. Prod. Sci., 58: 920–929.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Domiciano L.F., Pedreira B.C., Silva N.M.F., Mombach M.A., Chizzotti F.H.M., Batista E.D., Carvalho P., Cabral L.S., Pereira D.H., Nascimento H.L.B. (2020). Agroforestry systems: an alternative to intensify forage-based livestock in the Brazilian Amazon. Agrofor. Syst., 94: 1839–1849.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dupraz C., Blitz-Frayret C., Lecomte I., Molto Q., Reyes F., Gosme M. (2018). Influence of latitude on the light availability for intercrops in an agroforestry alley-cropping system. Agrofor. Syst., 92: 1019–1033.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fedrigo J.K., Santa Cruz R., Benítez V., Courdin V., Ferreira G., Posse J.P., Viñoles C. (2019). Dynamics of forage mass, air temperature and animal performance in a silvopastoral system of Uruguay. Agrofor. Syst., 93: 2197–2204.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fournel S., Ouellet V., Charbonneau É. (2017). Practices for alleviating heat stress of dairy cows in humid continental climates: literature review. Animals, 7: 1–23.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Frey G.E., Fassola H.E., Pachas A.N., Colcombet L., Lacorte S.M., Pérez O., Renkow M., Warren S.T., Cubbage F.W. (2012). Perceptions of silvopasture systems among adopters in northeast Argentina. Agric. Syst., 105: 21–32.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gebremedhin K.G., Wu B., Perano K. (2016). Modeling conductive cooling for thermally stressed dairy cows. J. Therm. Biol., 56: 91–99.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Giro A., Pezzopane J.R.M., Barioni Junior W., Pedroso A.F., Lemes A.P., Botta D., Romanello N., Barreto A.N., Garcia A.R. (2019). Behavior and body surface temperature of beef cattle in integrated crop-livestock systems with or without tree shading. Sci. Total Environ., 684: 587–596.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Herbut P., Angrecka S., Walczak J. (2018). Environmental parameters to assessing of heat stress in dairy cattle – a review. Int. J. Biometeorol., 62: 2089–2097.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Huertas S.M. (2018). Environmental conditions in a temperate weather silvopastoral system vs. natural grassland and their impact on animal beef production. Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res., 3: 1–2.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Huertas S.M., Bobadilla P.E., Alcántara I., Akkermans E., van Eerdenburg F.J.C.M. (2021). Benefits of silvopastoral systems for keeping beef cattle. Animals, 11: 1–12.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jose S., Walter D., Mohan Kumar B. (2019). Ecological considerations in sustainable silvopasture design and management. Agrofor. Syst., 93: 317–331.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Karki U., Goodman M.S. (2010). Cattle distribution and behavior in southern-pine silvopasture versus open-pasture. Agrofor. Syst., 78: 159–168.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Latawiec A.E., Strassburg B.B.N., Valentim J.F., Ramos F., Alves -Pinto H.N. (2014). Intensification of cattle ranching production systems: socioeconomic and environmental synergies and risks in Brazil. Animal, 8: 1255–1263.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lemes A.P., Garcia A.R., Pezzopane J.R.M., Brandão F.Z., Watanabe Y.F., Cooke R.F., Sponchiado M., Paz C.C.P., Camplesi A.C., Binelli M., Gimenes L.U. (2021). Silvopastoral system is an alternative to improve animal welfare and productive performance in meat production systems. Sci. Rep., 11: 1–17.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lima I.L.P., Scariot A., Giroldo A.B. (2017). Impacts of the implementation of silvopastoral systems on biodiversity of native plants in a traditional community in the Brazilian Savanna. Agrofor. Syst., 91: 1069–1078.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lima M.A., Paciullo D.S.C., Morenz M.J.F., Gomide C.A.M., Rodrigues R.A.R., Chizzotti F.H.M. (2019 a). Productivity and nutritive value of Brachiaria decumbens and performance of dairy heifers in a long-term silvopastoral system. Grass Forage Sci., 74: 160–170.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lima M.A., Paciullo D.S.C., Silva F.F., Morenz M.J.F., Gomide C.A.M., Rodrigues R.A.R., Bretas I.L., Chizzotti F.H.M. (2019 b). Evaluation of a long-established silvopastoral Brachiaria decumbens system: Plant characteristics and feeding value for cattle. Crop Pasture Sci., 70: 814–825.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lopes L.B., Eckstein C., Pina D.S., Carnevalli R.A. (2016). The influence of trees on the thermal environment and behaviour of grazing heifers in Brazilian Midwest. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 48: 755–761.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Magalhães C.A.S.S., Zolin C.A., Lulu J., Lopes L.B., Furtini I.V., Vendrusculo L.G., Zaiatz A.P.S.R., Pedreira B.C., Pezzopane J.R.M. (2020). Improvement of thermal comfort indices in agroforestry systems in the southern Brazilian Amazon. J. Therm. Biol., 91: 102636.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Márquez S.P., Ovani V.S., Abdalla A.L., Maurício R.M. (2021). Why haven’t silvopastoral system expanded in Brazil? Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 33: 1–16.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Martins C.F., Fonseca-Neto A.M., Bessler H.C., Dode M.A.N.N., Leme L.O., Franco M.M., McManus C.M., Malaquias J.V., Ferreira I.C. (2021). Natural shade from integrated crop–livestock–forestry mitigates environmental heat and increases the quantity and quality of oocytes and embryos produced in vitro by Gyr dairy cows. Livest. Sci., 244: 104341.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McDonald P.V., von Keyserlingk M.A.G., Weary D.M. (2020). Hot weather increases competition between dairy cows at the drinker. J. Dairy Sci., 103: 3447–3458.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mello A.C.T., Carnevalli R.A., Shiratsuchi L.S., Pedreira B.C., Lopes L.B., Xavier D.B. (2017). Improved grazing activity of dairy heifers in shaded tropical grasslands. Ciência Rural, 47: e20160316.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Moher D., Shamseer L., Clarke M., Ghersi D., Liberati A., Petticrew M., Shekelle P., Stewart L.A., Group P.P. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst. Rev., 4: 1–9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Morales A.M.T., Ceballos M.C., Londoño G.C., Cardona C.A.C., Ramírez J.F.N., Costa M.J.R.P. (2017). Welfare of cattle kept in intensive silvopastoral systems: A case report. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 46: 478–488.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Musa F., Lile N.A., Mohd Hamdan D.D. (2019). Agroforestry practices contribution towards socioeconomics: A case study of Tawau communities in Malaysia. Agric. For., 65: 65–72.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Neves F.O., Andrighetto C., Luz A., Mateus G.P., Santos J.M.F., Lima L.P., Sekiya B.M.S., Zanetti L.H., Lupatini G.C., Vieira N.C. (2021). Performance, carcass and meat quality of Angus-Nellore heifers finished in integrated livestock forest systems. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 30: 33–41.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nordlund K.V., Strassburg P., Bennett T.B., Oetzel G.R., Cook N.B. (2019). Thermodynamics of standing and lying behavior in lactating dairy cows in freestall and parlor holding pens during conditions of heat stress. J. Dairy Sci., 102: 6495–6507.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Oliveira C.C., Almeida R.G., Karvatte Junior N., Villela S.D.J., Bungenstab D.J., Alves F.V. (2021). Daytime ingestive behaviour of grazing heifers under tropical silvopastoral systems: Responses to shade and grazing management. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 240.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Paciullo D.S.C., Castro C.R.T., Gomide C.A.M., Maurício R.M., Pires M.F.Á., Müller M.D., Xavier D.F. (2011). Performance of dairy heifers in a silvopastoral system. Livest. Sci., 141: 166–172.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Paciullo D.S.C., Gomide C.A.M., Castro C.R.T., Maurício R.M., Fernandes P.B., Morenz M.J.F. (2017). Morphogenesis, biomass and nutritive value of Panicum maximum under different shade levels and fertilizer nitrogen rates. Grass Forage Sci., 72: 590–600.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Paciullo D.S.C., Fernandes P.B., Carvalho C.A.B., Morenz M.J.F., Lima M.A., Maurício R.M., Gomide C.A.M. (2021). Pasture and animal production in silvopastoral and open pasture systems managed with crossbred dairy heifers. Livest. Sci., 245: 1–9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Paula R.R., Reis G.G., Reis M.G.F., Oliveira Neto S.N., Leite H.G., Melido R.C.N., Lopes H.N.S., Souza F.C. (2013). Eucalypt growth in monoculture and silvopastoral systems with varied tree initial densities and spatial arrangements. Agrofor. Syst., 87: 1295–1307.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pezzopane J.R.M., Bosi C., Nicodemo M.L.F., Santos P.M., Cruz P.G., Parmejiani R.S. (2015). Microclimate and soil moisture in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil. Bragantia, 74: 110–119.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pezzopane J.R.M., Nicodemo M.L.F., Bosi C., Garcia A.R., Lulu J. (2019). Animal thermal comfort indexes in silvopastoral systems with different tree arrangements. J. Therm. Biol., 79: 103–111.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pezzopane J.R.M., Bernardi A.C.C., Azenha M.V., Oliveira P.P.A., Bosi C., Pedroso A.F., Esteves S.N. (2020). Production and nutritive value of pastures in integrated livestock production systems: Shading and management effects. Sci. Agric., 77.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pontes L.S., Stafin G., Moletta J.L., Porfírio-da-Silva V. (2020). Performance of Purunã beef heifers and pasture productivity in a long-term integrated crop-livestock system: the effect of trees and nitrogen fertilization. Agrofor. Syst., 94: 1713–1723.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
R Core Team (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Reis N.S., Ferreira I.C., Mazocco L.A., Souza A.C.B., Pinho G.A.S., Neto Á.M.F., Malaquias J.V., Macena F.A., Muller A.G., Martins C.F., Balbino L.C., McManus C.M. (2021). Shade modifies behavioral and physiological responses of low to medium production dairy cows at pasture in an integrated crop-livestock-forest system. Animals, 11: 2411.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Resende L.O., Müller M.D., Kohmann M.M., Pinto L.F.G., Cullen Junior L., Zen S., Rego L.F.G. (2020). Silvopastoral management of beef cattle production for neutralizing the environmental impact of enteric methane emission. Agrofor. Syst., 94: 893–903.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rosati A., Borek R., Canali S. (2021). Agroforestry and organic agriculture. Agrofor. Syst., 95: 805–821.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Santos D.C., Guimarães Júnior R., Vilela L., Maciel G.A., França A.F.S. (2018). Implementation of silvopastoral systems in Brazil with Eucalyptus urograndis and Brachiaria brizantha: Productivity of forage and an exploratory test of the animal response. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 266: 174–180.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Schütz K.E., Rogers A.R., Poulouin Y.A., Cox N.R., Tucker C.B. (2010). The amount of shade influences the behavior and physiology of dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 93: 125–133.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Silva H.A., Santos L.A.C., Pacheco A.R., Calil F.N., Silva-Neto C.M. (2021). Crop-livestock-forest integration systems: A scientometric analysis. Ecol. Nutr. Florest., 9: e03.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Silva F.S., Domiciano L.F., Gomes F.J., Sollenberger L.E., Pedreira C.G.S., Pereira D.H., Pedreira B.C. (2020). Herbage accumulation, nutritive value and beef cattle production on marandu palisadegrass pastures in integrated systems. Agrofor. Syst., 94: 1891–1902.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Skonieski F.R., Souza E.R., Gregolin L.C.B., Fluck A.C., Costa O.A.D., Destri J., Neto A.P., Souza E.R., Gregolin L.C.B., Fluck A.C., Costa O.A.D., Destri J., Neto A.P. (2021). Physiological response to heat stress and ingestive behavior of lactating Jersey cows in silvopasture and conventional pasture grazing systems in a Brazilian subtropical climate zone. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 53: 213.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Souza L.A.S., Matarazoo S.M., Carnevalli R.C., Toledo L.M. (2017). Physiological and behavioral responses of dairy heifers in an integrated-crop-livestock-forestry system. African J. Agric. Res., 12: 1278–1285.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Stivanin S.C.B., Werncke D., Vizzotto E.F., Stumpf M.T., Neto A.T., Fischer V. (2019). Variation in available shaded area changes behaviour parameters in grazing dairy cows during the warm season. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 48: e20180316.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Thornton P., Nelson G., Mayberry D., Herrero M. (2022). Impacts of heat stress on global cattle production during the 21st century: a modelling study. Lancet Planet. Heal., 6: e192–e201.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tilman D. (1998). The greening of the green revolution. Science, 396: 211–212.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tullo E., Finzi A., Guarino M. (2019). Review: Environmental impact of livestock farming and precision livestock farming as a mitigation strategy. Sci. Total Environ., 650: 2751–2760.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Van Eck N.J., Van Waltman L. (2014). Visualizing bibliometric networks. In: Measuring scholarly impact: methods and practice, Ding Y. et al. (eds). Springer, Switzerland, pp. 285–320.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Varella A.C., Barro R.S., Silva J.L.S., Silva V.P., Saibro J.C. (2016). Silvopastoral systems in southern South America. Switzerland, Springer Cham, 11 ed., 270 pp.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vieira F.M.C., Deniz M., Vismara E.S., Herbut P., Pilatti J.A., Sponchiado M.Z., Puretz B.O. (2020). Thermoregulatory and behaviour responses of dairy heifers raised on a silvopastoral system in a subtropical climate. Ann. Anim. Sci., 20: 613–627.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vieira F.M.C., Militao E.R., Junior A.W., Herbut P., Mayer L.R.R., Vismara E.S., Vieira A.M.C., Paris W. (2021 a). Impact of shading of a silvopastoral system on microclimate and botanical composition of polyphytic pasture: a preliminary study in the subtropics. J. Ecol. Eng. J., 22: 215–224.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vieira F.M.C., Soares A.A., Herbut P., Vismara E.S., Godyń D., Santos A.C.Z., Lambertes T.S., Caetano W.F. (2021 b). Spatio-thermal variability and behaviour as bio-thermal indicators of heat stress in dairy cows in a compost barn: A case study. Animals, 11: 1–19.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vieira Junior N.A., Evers J., Vianna M.S., Pedreira B.C., Pezzopane J.R.M., Marin F.R. (2022). Understanding the arrangement of Eucalyptus-Marandu palisade grass silvopastoral systems in Brazil. Agric. Syst., 196: 103316.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vizzotto E.F., Fischer V., Thaler Neto A., Abreu A.S., Stumpf M.T., Werncke D., Schmidt F.A., McManus C.M. (2015). Access to shade changes behavioural and physiological attributes of dairy cows during the hot season in the subtropics. Animal, 9: 1559–1566.
]Search in Google Scholar
, , und | 26. Juli 2023