Weight Gain of Highland Cattle Depending on the Share of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) in the Meadow Sward

AOAC (2005). Official Methods of Analysis. 18th Edition, Association of Officiating Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, Method 935.14 and 992.24.Search in Google Scholar

Berry N.R., Jewell P.L., Sutter F., Edwards P.J., Kreuzer M. (2002). Selection, intake and excretion of nutrients by Scottish Highland suckler beef cows and calves, and Brown Swiss dairy cows in contrasting Alpine grazing systems. J. Agric. Sci., 139: 437–453.10.1017/S002185960200271XSearch in Google Scholar

Borys B., Rozwadowska M. (2010). Szkockie bydło górskie w Polsce – piękno i użyteczność (in Polish). Wiad. Zoot., XLVIII (4): 116–122.Search in Google Scholar

Delagarde R., Peyraud J.L., Delaby L., Faverdin P. (2000). Vertical distribution of biomass, chemical composition and pepsin-cellulase digestibility in a perennial ryegrass sward: Interaction with month of year, regrowth age and time of day. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 84: 49–68.10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00114-0Search in Google Scholar

Fanchone A., Nozière P., Portelli J., Duriot B., Largeau V., Doreau M. (2013). Effects of nitrogen underfeeding and energy source on nitrogen ruminal metabolism, digestion, and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci., 91: 895–906.10.2527/jas.2012-5296Search in Google Scholar

Guyader J., Janzen H.H., Kroebel R., Beauchemin K.A. (2016). Production, management, and environment symposium: forage use to improve environmental sustainability of ruminant production. J. Anim. Sci., 94: 3147–3158.10.2527/jas.2015-0141Search in Google Scholar

Hannaway D.B., Evers G.W., Fales S.L., Hall M.H., Fransen S.C., Ball D.M., John-son S.W., Jacob I.H., Chaney M., Lane W., Young IIIW.C. (1997). Perennial ryegrass for forage in the USA. In: Ecology, production, and management of Lolium for forage in the USA, Rouquette Jr. F.M., Nelson L.R. (eds). Vol. 24. Crop Science Society of America, Madison, USA, pp. 101–122.10.2135/cssaspecpub24.c7Search in Google Scholar

Hoekstra N.J., Struik P.C., Lantinga E.A., Schulte R.P.O. (2007). Chemical composition of lamina and sheath of Lolium perenne as affected by herbage management. NJAS Wageningen J. Life Sci., 55: 55–73.10.1016/S1573-5214(07)80004-2Search in Google Scholar

Jankowska-Huflejt H. (2016). The need of protecting permanent grasslands as a premise for the development of organic meadow farms. J. Res. Applic. Agric. Eng., 61: 186–192.Search in Google Scholar

Keady T.W.J., Hanrahan J.P. (2015). Effects of shearing, forage type and feed value, concentrate feed level, and protein concentration on the performance of housed finishing lambs. J. Anim. Sci., 93: 306–318.10.2527/jas.2014-7794Search in Google Scholar

Klapp E. (1965). Grünlandvegetation und Standort. Berlin – Hamburg: P. Parey, 620 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Lee M.R.F., Jones E.L., Moorby J.M., Humphreys M.O., Theodorou M.K., Macrae J.C., Scollan N.D. (2001). Production responses from lambs grazing on Lolium perenne selected for elevated water-soluble carbohydrate concentration. Anim. Res., 50: 441–449.10.1051/animres:2001106Search in Google Scholar

Mc Donald P., Edwards R.A., Greenhalgh J.F.D., Morgan C.A. (1995). Grass and forage crops. Anim. Nutr., Longman Group Limited, Harlow, UK, pp. 434–450.Search in Google Scholar

Miller L.A., Moorby J.M., Davies D.R., Humphreys M.O., Scollan N.D., Macrae J.C., Theodorou M.K. (2001). Increased concentration of water-soluble carbohydrate in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.): milk production from late-lactation dairy cows. Grass Forage Sci., 56: 383–394.10.1046/j.1365-2494.2001.00288.xSearch in Google Scholar

Pauler M., Isselstein J., Braunbeck T., Schneider M.K. (2019). Influence of Highland and production-oriented cattle breeds on pasture vegetation: A pairwise assessment across broad environmental gradients. Agric. Ecos. Envir., 284: 106585.10.1016/j.agee.2019.106585Search in Google Scholar

Przysucha T., Grodzki H., Gołębiewski M., Slósarz J., Piotrowski T. (2013 a). Characteristic of Scottish Highland Cattle. Med. Weter., 69: 279–282.Search in Google Scholar

Przysucha T., Grodzki H., Gołębiewski M., Slósarz J. (2013 b). Evaluation of the performance of Scottish Highland beef cattle in Poland. Med. Weter., 69: 252–254.Search in Google Scholar

Ramos S., Tejido M.L., Martínez M.E., Ranilla M.J., Carro M.D. (2009). Microbial protein synthesis, ruminal digestion, microbial populations, and nitrogen balance in sheep fed diets varying in forage-to-concentrate ratio and type of forage. J. Anim. Sci., 87: 2924–2934.10.2527/jas.2009-1938Search in Google Scholar

Rearte D.H. (2005). New insights into the nutritional value of grass. In: Utilisation of Grazed Grass in Temperate Animal Systems, J.J. Murphy (ed). Proc. Satellite Workshop of the 20th International Grassland Congress, 26.06–1.07.2005, Dublin. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, pp. 49–59.Search in Google Scholar

Shapiro S.S., Wilk M.B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52: 591–611.10.1093/biomet/52.3-4.591Search in Google Scholar

Taweel H.Z., Tas B.M., Smit H.J., Elgersma A., Dijkstra J., Tamminga S. (2004). Grazing behaviour, intake, rumen function and performance of dairy cows offered Lolium perenne containing different levels of water-soluble carbohydrates. In: Perennial Ryegrass for Dairy Cows: Grazing Behaviour, Intake, Rumen Function and Performance, pp. 67–82.Search in Google Scholar

Van Vuuren A.M., Tamminga S., Ketelaar R.S. (1991). In sacco degradation of organic matter and crude protein of fresh grass (Lolium perenne) in the rumen of grazing dairy cows. J. Agric. Sci., 116: 429–436.10.1017/S0021859600078242Search in Google Scholar