Significant corrosion problems in materials related to marine engineering projects are bound to be a threat to overall operational safety and reliability. This paper investigates the influence of corrosion time on the material product film performance and its corrosion resistance, combined with the function integral algorithm. The gray matrix transform, image binarization, and wavelet transform of the function integral algorithm are used to establish the corrosion damage image recognition model and quantify the microscopic characteristics of corrosion damage based on the corrosion morphological features. Through the corrosion damage image recognition model, evaluation and analysis of common marine engineering materials 2205 duplex stainless steel and Q420 steel in chloride ion (Cl−). Test results show that: chloride ion on 2205 duplex stainless steel corrosion resistance 17.89