[
1. Larroque B, Bréart G, Kaminski M, et al. Survival of very preterm infants: Epipage, a population based cohort study. Arch Dis Child – Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;89(2):F139–44.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
2. Berrington JE, Hearn RI, Bythell M et al. Deaths in Preterm Infants: Changing Pathology Over 2 Decades. J Pediatr. 2012;160(1):49-53.e1.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
3. Alsaied A, Islam N, Thalib L. Global incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2020;20(1):344.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
4. Embleton ND, Skeath T. Probiotics for preterm infants on the NICU. Paediatr Child Health. 2014;24(1):38-40.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
5. Guner YS, Friedlich P, Wee CP et al. State-Based Analysis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Outcomes1. J Surg Res. 2009;157(1):21-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
6. Ma B, McComb E, Gajer P, et al. Microbial Biomarkers of Intestinal Barrier Maturation in Preterm Infants. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2755. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02755.
]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
7. Battersby C, Santhalingam T, Costeloe K, Modi N. Incidence of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis in high-income countries: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child – Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2018;103(2):F182-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
8. Overman RE, Criss CN, Gadepalli SK. Necrotizing enterocolitis in term neonates: A different disease process? J Pediatr Surg. 2019;54(6):1143-6.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
9. Cuna A, George L, Sampath V. Genetic predisposition to necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants: Current knowledge, challenges, and future directions. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;23(6):387-93.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
10. Bergmann KR, Liu SXL, Tian R, et al. Bifi dobacteria Stabilize Claudins at Tight Junctions and Prevent Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Mouse Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Am J Pathol. 2013;182(5):1595-606.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
11. Turroni F, Peano C, Pass DA, et al. Diversity of Bifi dobacteria within the Infant Gut Microbiota. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5):e36957.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
12. Arboleya S, Binetti A, Salazar N, et al. Establishment and development of intestinal microbiota in preterm neonates. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2012;79(3):763-72.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
13. Lopetuso LR, Scaldaferri F, Petito V, Gasbarrini A. Commensal Clostridia: leading players in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. Gut Pathog. 2013;5(1):23.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
14. Patel RM, Kandefer S, Walsh MC, et al. Causes and Timing of Death in Extremely Premature Infants from 2000 through 2011. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(4):331-40.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
15. Derrien M, van Hylckama Vlieg JET. Fate, activity, and impact of ingested bacteria within the human gut microbiota. Trends Microbiol. 2015;23(6):354-66.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
16. Walker WA. Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 1;46(Supplement 2):S87-91.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
17. Tremaroli V, Bäckhed F. Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Nature. 2012;489(7415):242-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
18. Cryan JF, Dinan TG. Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012;13(10):701-12.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
19. Sanders ME, Akkermans LM, Haller D, et al. Safety assessment of probiotics for human use. Gut Microbes. 2010;1(3):164-85.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
20. Cukrowska B, Bierła JB, Zakrzewska M et al. The Relationship between the Infant Gut Microbiota and Allergy. The Role of Bifi dobacterium breve and Prebiotic Oligosaccharides in the Activation of Anti-Allergic Mechanisms in Early Life. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):946.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
21. Vincent D, Klinke M, Eschenburg G, et al. NEC is likely a NETs dependent process and markers of NETosis are predictive of NEC in mice and humans. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):12612.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
22. Boudry G, Charton E, Le Huerou-Luron I, et al. The Relationship Between Breast Milk Components and the Infant Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr. 2021;8:629740. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.629740.
]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
23. Le Doare K, Holder B, Bassett A, Pannaraj PS. Mother’s Milk: A Purposeful Contribution to the Development of the Infant Microbiota and Immunity. Front Immunol. 2018;9:361. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00361.
]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
24. Khodayar-Pardo P, Mira-Pascual L, Collado MC, Martínez-Costa C. Impact of lactation stage, gestational age and mode of delivery on breast milk microbiota. J Perinatol. 2014;34(8):599-605.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
25. Green-Johnson JM. Immunological Responses to Gut Bacteria. J AOAC Int. 2012;95(1):35-49.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
26. Caselli M, Cassol F, Calò G et al. Actual concept of “probiotics”: Is it more functional to science or business? World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(10):1527-40.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
27. Sanna S, van Zuydam NR, Mahajan A, et al. Causal relationships between gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids and metabolic diseases. Nat Genet. 2019;51(4):600-5.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
28. Kien CL, McClead RE, Cordero L. Effects of lactose intake on lactose digestion and colonic fermentation in preterm infants. J Pediatr. 1998;133(3):401-5.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
29. Blouin JM, Penot G, Collinet M, et al. Butyrate elicits a metabolic switch in human colon cancer cells by targeting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Int J Cancer. 2011;128(11):2591-601.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
30. Nafday SM, Chen W, Peng L et al. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Colonic Mucosal Injury in Rats with Various Postnatal Ages. Pediatr Res. 2005;57(2):201-4.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
31. Brooks B, Firek BA, Miller CS, et al. Microbes in the neonatal intensive care unit resemble those found in the gut of premature infants. Microbiome. 2014;2(1):1.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
32. Wittrock B, Lavin MA, Pierry D et al. Parents as a Vector for Nosocomial Infection in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2001;22(08):472.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
33. Kaufman D, Blackman A, Conaway MR, Sinkin RA. Nonsterile glove use in addition to hand hygiene to prevent late-onset infection in preterm infants: randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(10):909-16.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
34. Indrio F, Salatto A, Amato O, et al. COVID-19 pandemic in the neonatal intensive care unit: any effect on late-onset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis? Eur J Pediatr. 2022;181(2):853-7.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
35. Ergenekon E, Tayman C, Özkan H. Turkish Neonatal Society Necrotizing Enterocolitis Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Guidelines. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2021;56(5):513-524.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
36. Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg. 1978;187(1):1-7.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
37. Kim JH, Sampath V, Canvasser J. Challenges in diagnosing necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res. 2020;88(1):16-20.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
38. Juhl SM, Hansen ML, Gormsen M et al. Staging of necrotising enterocolitis by Bell’s criteria is supported by a statistical pattern analysis of clinical and radiological variables. Acta Paediatr Oslo Nor (1992). 2019;108(5):842-8.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
39. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes: evidence base [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 [cited 2022 May 16]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/183038
]Search in Google Scholar
[
40. Patole S. Prevention and treatment of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Early Hum Dev. 2007;83(10):635-42.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
41. Parker MG, Stellwagen LM, Noble L et al. Promoting Human Milk and Breastfeeding for the Very Low Birth Weight Infant. Pediatrics. 2021;148(5):e2021054272.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
42. Barbian ME, Buckle R, Denning PW, Patel RM. To start or not: Factors to consider when implementing routine probiotic use in the NICU. Early Hum Dev. 2019; 135:66-71.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
43. Manzoni P, Meyer M, Stolfi I, et al. Bovine lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low-birth-weight neonates: a randomized clinical trial. Early Hum Dev. 2014;90:S60-5.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
44. Griffiths J, Jenkins P, Vargova M, et al. Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for very preterm infants: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2019;393(10170):423-33.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
45. Manzoni P. Clinical Benefits of Lactoferrin for Infants and Children. J Pediatr. 2016; 173:S43-52.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
46. Sharma R, Tepas JJ, Mollitt DL et al. Surgical management of bowel perforations and outcome in very low-birth-weight infants (< or =1,200 g). J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39(2):190-4.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
47. Athalye-Jape G, Patole S. Probiotics for preterm infants – time to end all controversies. Microb Biotechnol. 2019;12(2):249-53.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
48. Neu J. Probiotics and Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Clin Perinatol. 2014;41(4):967-78.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
49. Katan MB. Why the European Food Safety Authority was right to reject health claims for probiotics. Benef Microbes. 2012;3(2):85-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
50. Core Team R. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna Austria URL Https:www R-Proj OrgGoogle Sch. 2021
]Search in Google Scholar
[
51. RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R [Internet]. Boston, MA: RStudio, PBC.; 2021. Available from: http://www.rstudio.com/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
52. Aria M, Cuccurullo C. bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J Informetr. 2017;11(4):959-75.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
53. A brief introduction to bibliometrix [Internet]. BIBLIOMETRIX. Available from: https://www.bibliometrix.org/vignettes/Introduction_to_bibliometrix.html
]Search in Google Scholar
[
54. Millar MR, Bacon C, Smith SL et al. Enteral feeding of premature infants with Lactobacillus GG. Arch Dis Child. 1993 Nov;69(5 Spec No):483-7.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
55. Kitajima H, Sumida Y, Tanaka R et al. Early administration of Bifi dobacterium breve to preterm infants: randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1997 Mar;76(2):F101-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
56. Grönlund MM, Lehtonen OP, Kent P et al. Erratum.: Lactobacillus GG supplementation does not reduce faecal colonization of Klebsiella oxytoca in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr. 1997;86(7):785-6.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
57. Dani C, Biadaioli R, Bertini G et al. Probiotics feeding in prevention of urinary tract infection, bacterial sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. A prospective double-blind study. Biol Neonate. 2002 Aug;82(2):103-8.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
58. Costalos C, Skouteri V, Gounaris A et al. Enteral feeding of premature infants with Saccharomyces boulardii. Early Hum Dev. 2003; 74(2):89-96.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
59. Lin HC, Su BH, Chen AC, et al. Oral Probiotics Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Pediatrics. 2005;115(1):1-4.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
60. Jacobs SE, Tobin JM, Opie GF, et al. Probiotic Effects on Late-onset Sepsis in Very Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics. 2013;132(6):1055-62.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
61. Costeloe K, Hardy P, Juszczak E et al. Bifi dobacterium breve BBG-001 in very preterm infants: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2016;387(10019):649-60.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
62. Zbinden A, Zbinden R, Berger C, Arlettaz R. Case Series of Bifi dobacterium longum Bacteremia in Three Preterm Infants on Probiotic Therapy. Neonatology. 2015;107(1):56-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
63. Van den Akker CHP, Van Goudoever JB, Shamir R, et al. Probiotics and Preterm Infants: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;70(5):664-80.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
64. Manzoni P, Mostert M, Leonessa ML, et al. Oral Supplementation with Lactobacillus casei Subspecies rhamnosus Prevents Enteric Colonization by Candida Species in Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(12):1735-42.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
65. Rougé C, Piloquet H, Butel MJ et al. Oral supplementation with probiotics in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(6):1828-35.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
66. Mihatsch WA, Vossbeck S, Eikmanns B et al. Effect of Bifidobacterium lactis on the Incidence of Nosocomial Infections in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neonatology. 2010;98(2):156-63.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
67. Stratiki Z, Costalos C, Sevastiadou S, et al. The effect of a bifi dobacter supplemented bovine milk on intestinal permeability of preterm infants. Early Hum Dev. 2007;83(9):575-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
68. Mohan R, Koebnick C, Schildt J et al. Effects of Bifi dobacterium lactis Bb12 Supplementation on Body Weight, Fecal pH, Acetate, Lactate, Calprotectin, and IgA in Preterm Infants. Pediatr Res. 2008;64(4):418-22.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
69. Sari FN, Dizdar EA, Oguz S et al. Oral probiotics: Lactobacillus sporogenes for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low-birth weight infants: a randomized, controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65(4):434-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
70. Braga TD, da Silva GAP, de Lira PIC et al. Efficacy of Bifi dobacterium breve and Lactobacillus casei oral supplementation on necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(1):81-6.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
71. Rojas MA, Lozano JM, Rojas MX, et al. Prophylactic Probiotics to Prevent Death and Nosocomial Infection in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics. 2012;130(5):e1113-20.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
72. Esaiassen E, Cavanagh P, Hjerde E et al. Bifi dobacterium longum Subspecies infantis Bacteremia in 3 Extremely Preterm Infants Receiving Probiotics. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(9):1664-6.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
73. Borriello SP, Hammes WP, Holzapfel W, et al. Safety of Probiotics That Contain Lactobacilli or Bifi dobacteria. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36(6):775-80.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
74. Bury S, Soundararajan M, Bharti R et al. The Probiotic Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917 Combats Lambdoid Bacteriophages stx and λ. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:929.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
75. Jenke A, Ruf EM, Hoppe T et al. Bifi dobacterium septicaemia in an extremely low-birthweight infant under probiotic therapy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012;97(3):F217-218.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
76. Dani C, Coviello CC, Corsini II et al. Lactobacillus Sepsis and Probiotic Therapy in Newborns: Two New Cases and Literature Review. AJP Rep. 2016;6(1):e25-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
77. Mack DR. D(—)–Lactic Acid Producing Probiotics, D(—)–Lactic Acidosis and Infants. Can J Gastroenterol. 2004;18(11):671-5.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
78. Shida K, Nanno M, Nagata S. Flexible cytokine production by macrophages and T cells in response to probiotic bacteria: A possible mechanism by which probiotics exert multifunctional immune regulatory activities. Gut Microbes. 2011;2(2):109–14.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
79. Lutgendorff F, Trulsson LM, Minnen LP et al. Probiotics enhance pancreatic glutathione biosynthesis and reduce oxidative stress in experimental acute pancreatitis. Am J Physiol – Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008;295(5):G1111-21.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
80. European Medicines Agency. Scientific conclusions and grounds for the variation to the terms of the Marketing Authorisation(s) – saccharomyces boulardii. 2020.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
81. Lin HY, Chang JH, Chung MY, Lin HC. Prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm very low birth weight infants: Is it feasible? J Formos Med Assoc. 2014;113(8):490-7.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
82. Alfaleh K, Anabrees J, Bassler D, Al-Kharfi T. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(3):CD005496. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005496.pub3. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;4:CD005496.
]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
83. Deshpande GC, Rao SC, Keil AD, Patole SK. Evidencebased guidelines for use of probiotics in preterm neonates. BMC Med. 2011;9:92.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
84. Van den Akker CHP, Van Goudoever JB, Szajewska H et al. Probiotics for Preterm Infants: A Strain-Specific Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;67(1):103-22.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
85. Poindexter B, Committee On fetus and newborn, Cummings J, Hand I, Adams-Chapman et al. Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics. 2021 Jun 1;147(6):e2021051485.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
86. Juber BA, Boly TJ, Pitcher GJ, McElroy SJ. Routine Administration of a Multispecies Probiotic Containing Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus to Very Low Birth Weight Infants Had No Significant Impact on the Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:757299. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.757299.
]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
87. Bhadoria P, Mahapatra S. Prospects, technological aspects and limitations of probiotics–a worldwide review. Eur J Food Res Rev. 2011;1(2):23-42.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
88. Ritchie ML, Romanuk TN. A Meta-Analysis of Probiotic Efficacy for Gastrointestinal Diseases. 2012;7(4):e34938. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034938.
]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
89. Binns N. Probiotics, prebiotics and the gut microbiota. Brussels: ILSI Europe; 2013.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
90. Licht TR, Baggesen DL. EFSA BIOHAZ Panel (EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards), 2013. Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2013 update). European Food Safety Authority; 2013.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
91. Lewis ZT, Shani G, Masarweh CF, et al. Validating bifi dobacterial species and subspecies identity in commercial probiotic products. Pediatr Res. 2016;79(3):445-52.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
92. Vallabhaneni S, Walker TA, Lockhart SR, et al. Fatal Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis in a Premature Infant Associated with a Contaminated Dietary Supplement – Connecticut, 2014. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(6):155-6.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
93. Georgieva M, Andonova L, Peikova L, Zlatkov A. Probiotics – Health Benefits, Classification, Quality Assurance аnd Quality Control – Review. Pharmacia. 2014; 61(4):22-31.
]Search in Google Scholar
