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Type-Approval and Qualification Testing of Air Braking Systems of Agricultural Trailers Under Stationary Conditions

Zbigniew Kamiński

Zbigniew Kamiński

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of TechnologyBialystok, Poland
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Kamiński, Zbigniew
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Jarosław Czaban

Jarosław Czaban

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of TechnologyBialystok, Poland
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Czaban, Jarosław
  
31. März 2025
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Online veröffentlicht: 31. März 2025
Seitenbereich: 54 - 60
Eingereicht: 10. Okt. 2023
Akzeptiert: 10. Sept. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ama-2025-0007
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© 2025 Zbigniew Kamiński et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Diagram of the device for diagnosing two-line air brake systems of agricultural trailers and towed machines: APS - air preparation station; BA - brake actuator; CH – control coupling head; CR1 and CR2 - calibration reservoirs with volumes of 385± 5 cm3 and 1155 ±15 cm3, respectively (including its coupling head); CU – control unit; DT - displacement transducer (cable encoder); ERV – emergency relay valve; I/O Adapter - input-output adapter; L - line from orifice O up to and including its coupling head CH (having an inner volume of 385 ±5 cm3 under a pressure of 6.5 bar); M - manometer; O - calibrated orifice; PC – computer; PRN – printer; PRV - pressure reducing valve; PTi - ith pressure transducer; R - compressed air tank with a capacity of 30 litres; SH - supply coupling head; SOV - shut-off valve; SV1, SV2, and SV3 – 2/2 electrovalves (NC); SV4 – direct-acting 3/2 electrovalve (NC); and TR - trailer reservoir
Diagram of the device for diagnosing two-line air brake systems of agricultural trailers and towed machines: APS - air preparation station; BA - brake actuator; CH – control coupling head; CR1 and CR2 - calibration reservoirs with volumes of 385± 5 cm3 and 1155 ±15 cm3, respectively (including its coupling head); CU – control unit; DT - displacement transducer (cable encoder); ERV – emergency relay valve; I/O Adapter - input-output adapter; L - line from orifice O up to and including its coupling head CH (having an inner volume of 385 ±5 cm3 under a pressure of 6.5 bar); M - manometer; O - calibrated orifice; PC – computer; PRN – printer; PRV - pressure reducing valve; PTi - ith pressure transducer; R - compressed air tank with a capacity of 30 litres; SH - supply coupling head; SOV - shut-off valve; SV1, SV2, and SV3 – 2/2 electrovalves (NC); SV4 – direct-acting 3/2 electrovalve (NC); and TR - trailer reservoir

Fig. 2.

General algorithm of a computer programme for the diagnosis of braking systems of agricultural machinery and trailers
General algorithm of a computer programme for the diagnosis of braking systems of agricultural machinery and trailers

Fig. 3.

‘Measurement’ window of the ‘Simulator’ program when checking air tank capacity (in Polish)
‘Measurement’ window of the ‘Simulator’ program when checking air tank capacity (in Polish)

Fig. 4.

Diagram and view of the dual-line trailer pneumatic system: SH - supply coupling head; CH - control coupling head; LF - line filter; ERV - emergency relay valve combined with a manual brake force regulator; TR - 20 dm3 air reservoir; BA - type 20LS brake chamber
Diagram and view of the dual-line trailer pneumatic system: SH - supply coupling head; CH - control coupling head; LF - line filter; ERV - emergency relay valve combined with a manual brake force regulator; TR - 20 dm3 air reservoir; BA - type 20LS brake chamber

Fig. 5.

The course of the pressure pt in the trailer reservoir during the tightness test of the braking system
The course of the pressure pt in the trailer reservoir during the tightness test of the braking system

Fig. 6.

The course of measured quantities during the response time test: pc - pressure of the simulator control; ps - pressure in the simulator reservoir; pt - pressure in the trailer reservoir; pa - pressure in the brake chamber; L – stroke of the actuator
The course of measured quantities during the response time test: pc - pressure of the simulator control; ps - pressure in the simulator reservoir; pt - pressure in the trailer reservoir; pa - pressure in the brake chamber; L – stroke of the actuator

Fig. 7.

The course of measured quantities during checking of the capacity of the air reservoir: pc - control pressure of the simulator; ps - pressures in the simulator reservoir; pt - pressures in the trailer reservoir; and L - stroke of the actuator
The course of measured quantities during checking of the capacity of the air reservoir: pc - control pressure of the simulator; ps - pressures in the simulator reservoir; pt - pressures in the trailer reservoir; and L - stroke of the actuator

Results of response time tr [s] of the braking system of the tested trailer

No. Bialystok University of Technology simulator Industrial simulator
1 0.282 0.282
2 0.281 0.280
3 0.280 0.281
4 0.281 0.280
5 0.280 0.280
6 0.279 0.280
7 0.280 0.280
8 0.279 0.280
9 0.279 0.281
10 0.282 0.281
11 0.280 0.281
12 0.279 0.280
13 0.280 0.281
14 0.280 0.282
15 0.281 0.280
Mean 0.2802±0.0008 0.2806±0.0006
Test name Normality/p-value test results
SDA H0/0.3756 H0/0.1406
DLM H0/0.5722/0.8409 H0/0.0650/0.2546
DH H0/0.5855 H0/0.1037
G H0/0.7342 H0/0.0648
Result of the test Welch/p-value H0/0.2278
Result of the test MWW/p-value H0/0.2065
Response time [6] 0.3 0.3
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