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Fig. 1.
Virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis.
(a) Scheme of the catalytic domain of gingipain; (b) structure of HmuY protein, (c) operons in the bacterial membrane and its heme-binding mechanism, and (d) structure of HusA protein (modified from Smiga et al. 2020, “Virulence mechanisms used in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis”).
Figure 2.
Changing tolerance to citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis diseases.
Putative biological pathways that may be responsible for the loss of tolerance for citrullinated proteins (modified from Alivernini et al., 2008, “Citrullination: the loss of tolerance and development of autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis”. Reumatismo).