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The effect of low doses of chlorpyrifos on blood and bone marrow cells in Wistar rats

Vilena Kašuba
Vilena Kašuba
, 
Vedran Micek
Vedran Micek
, 
Mirta Milić
Mirta Milić
, 
Davor Želježić
Davor Želježić
 und 
Anja Katić
Anja Katić
   | 30. Sept. 2022
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Article Category: Original article
Online veröffentlicht: 30. Sept. 2022
Seitenbereich: 223 - 232
Eingereicht: 01. Juni 2022
Akzeptiert: 01. Sept. 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3665
© 2022 Vilena Kašuba, Vedran Micek, Mirta Milić, Davor Želježić, and Anja Katić, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Effect of sub-chronic oral 28-day exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) on body weight gain (%, mean ± standard deviation) in adult male Wistar rats (N=5 per group). NC – negative control (NC); PC – positive control (ethyl methane sulphonate); SC – solvent control (0.03 % ethanol). * – significantly different from NC; $ – significantly different from SC (p<0.05)
Effect of sub-chronic oral 28-day exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) on body weight gain (%, mean ± standard deviation) in adult male Wistar rats (N=5 per group). NC – negative control (NC); PC – positive control (ethyl methane sulphonate); SC – solvent control (0.03 % ethanol). * – significantly different from NC; $ – significantly different from SC (p<0.05)

Figure 2

Number of reticulocytes (mean ± standard deviation) per 1000 erythrocytes in adult male Wistar rats (N=5 per group) after sub-chronic oral 28-day exposure to chlorpyrifos. NC – negative control (NC); PC – positive control (ethyl methane sulphonate); SC – solvent control (0.03 % ethanol). * – significantly different from NC; b – significantly different from 0.015 mg/kg bw/day of CPF; c – significantly different from 0.015 mg/kg bw/day of CPF (p<0.05)
Number of reticulocytes (mean ± standard deviation) per 1000 erythrocytes in adult male Wistar rats (N=5 per group) after sub-chronic oral 28-day exposure to chlorpyrifos. NC – negative control (NC); PC – positive control (ethyl methane sulphonate); SC – solvent control (0.03 % ethanol). * – significantly different from NC; b – significantly different from 0.015 mg/kg bw/day of CPF; c – significantly different from 0.015 mg/kg bw/day of CPF (p<0.05)

Figure 3

Number of micronuclei (mean ± standard deviation) in 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes in adult male Wistar rats (N=5 per group) after sub-chronic oral 28-day exposure to chlorpyrifos. NC – negative control (NC); PC – positive control (ethyl methane sulphonate); SC – solvent control (0.03 % ethanol). * – significantly different from NC; b– significantly different from 0.015 mg/kg bw/day of CPF (p<0.05)
Number of micronuclei (mean ± standard deviation) in 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes in adult male Wistar rats (N=5 per group) after sub-chronic oral 28-day exposure to chlorpyrifos. NC – negative control (NC); PC – positive control (ethyl methane sulphonate); SC – solvent control (0.03 % ethanol). * – significantly different from NC; b– significantly different from 0.015 mg/kg bw/day of CPF (p<0.05)

Figure 4

Number of micronuclei (mean ± standard deviation) in 4000 reticulocytes in adult male Wistar rats (N=5 per group) after sub-chronic oral 28-day exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF). NC – negative control (NC); PC – positive control (ethyl methane sulphonate); SC – solvent control (0.03 % ethanol). ↑ – significantly different from all experimental groups (p<0.05)
Number of micronuclei (mean ± standard deviation) in 4000 reticulocytes in adult male Wistar rats (N=5 per group) after sub-chronic oral 28-day exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF). NC – negative control (NC); PC – positive control (ethyl methane sulphonate); SC – solvent control (0.03 % ethanol). ↑ – significantly different from all experimental groups (p<0.05)

Figure 5

Photomicrograph of DNA damage in the bone marrow of adult male Wistar rats exposed to low doses chlorpyrifos by oral gavage for 28 consecutive days. The three bright nucleoids show low primary DNA damage; white arrow indicates a long-tailed nucleoid with extensive DNA damage. Letter c indicates a diffuse nucleoid with DNA damage possibly related to cytotoxicity
Photomicrograph of DNA damage in the bone marrow of adult male Wistar rats exposed to low doses chlorpyrifos by oral gavage for 28 consecutive days. The three bright nucleoids show low primary DNA damage; white arrow indicates a long-tailed nucleoid with extensive DNA damage. Letter c indicates a diffuse nucleoid with DNA damage possibly related to cytotoxicity

Effects of sub-chronic, oral, 28-day exposure to chlorpyrifos on primary DNA damage (tail DNA %) in bone marrow cells of adult male Wistar rats (N=5 per group) assessed with the alkaline comet assay

Experimental group Tail intensity (DNA %)
Negative control 3.00±0.12
0.47
0–27.83
Positive control (ethyl methane sulphonate) 16.33±0.32*
15.33
0–47.55
Solvent control (0.03 % ethanol) 3.58±0.15
0.46
0–31.96
CPF 0.010 mg/kg bw/day 3.09±0.12
0.48
0–30.68
CPF 0.015 mg/kg bw/day 3.21±0.14
0.42
0–38.85
CPF 0.160 mg/kg bw/day 2.70±0.13
0.31
0–54.96
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