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Juniper and immortelle essential oils synergistically inhibit adhesion of nontuberculous mycobacteria to Acanthamoeba castellanii

Dolores Peruč
Dolores Peruč
, 
Brigita Tićac
Brigita Tićac
, 
Dalibor Broznić
Dalibor Broznić
 und 
Ivana Gobin
Ivana Gobin
   | 06. Okt. 2020
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Article Category: Original article
Online veröffentlicht: 06. Okt. 2020
Seitenbereich: 223 - 230
Eingereicht: 01. Mai 2020
Akzeptiert: 01. Sept. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3442
Schlüsselwörter
© 2020 Dolores Peruč et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Effects (means ± SD) of juniper and immortelle EOs at three-quarters of the MIC on the adhesion of M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. gordonae to A. castellanii expressed as CFU/mL and the percentage (%) of adhesion inhibition. CFU – colony forming units; HI – Helichrysum italicum (immortelle); JU – Juniperus communis (juniper); MIC – minimum inhibitory concentration. Statistically significant differences between groups: * (p=0.001); ** (p=0.0002); *** (p=0.0021); **** (p=0.0034); ***** (p=0.00008); ****** (p=0.00008)
Effects (means ± SD) of juniper and immortelle EOs at three-quarters of the MIC on the adhesion of M. avium, M. intracellulare and M. gordonae to A. castellanii expressed as CFU/mL and the percentage (%) of adhesion inhibition. CFU – colony forming units; HI – Helichrysum italicum (immortelle); JU – Juniperus communis (juniper); MIC – minimum inhibitory concentration. Statistically significant differences between groups: * (p=0.001); ** (p=0.0002); *** (p=0.0021); **** (p=0.0034); ***** (p=0.00008); ****** (p=0.00008)

Figure 2

Effects (means ± SD) of subinhibitory concentrations of juniper and immortelle EOs (in mg/mL) on the adhesion of M. avium (A), M. intracellulare (B) and M. gordonae (C) on A. castellanii expressed as CFU/mL and the percentage (%) of adhesion inhibition. CFU – colony forming units; HI – Helichrysum italicum (immortelle); JU – Juniperus communis (juniper). Statistically significant differences between groups: * (p=0.0246); ** (p=0.0266); *** (p=0.0050); **** (p=0.00032)
Effects (means ± SD) of subinhibitory concentrations of juniper and immortelle EOs (in mg/mL) on the adhesion of M. avium (A), M. intracellulare (B) and M. gordonae (C) on A. castellanii expressed as CFU/mL and the percentage (%) of adhesion inhibition. CFU – colony forming units; HI – Helichrysum italicum (immortelle); JU – Juniperus communis (juniper). Statistically significant differences between groups: * (p=0.0246); ** (p=0.0266); *** (p=0.0050); **** (p=0.00032)

Figure 3

Adhesion of M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. gordonae on A. castellanii under a light microscope at 1000x magnification (Ziehl-Neelsen staining). a) control without essential oil; b) after treatment with juniper essential oil at a subinhibitory concentration
Adhesion of M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. gordonae on A. castellanii under a light microscope at 1000x magnification (Ziehl-Neelsen staining). a) control without essential oil; b) after treatment with juniper essential oil at a subinhibitory concentration

Inhibitory (IC50) and lethal (LC50) concentrations (in mg/mL) of juniper and immortelle essential oils on A. castellanii cells

Essential oil IC50 LC50
Juniper 0.720 0.800
Immortelle 0.550 0.620

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of juniper and immortelle essential oils in nontuberculous mycobacteria

Essential oil M. avium MIC / MBC (mg/mL) M. intracellulare M. gordonae
Common juniper 1.6 / 1.6 1.6 / 1.6 1.6 / 1.6
Immortelle 3.2 / 3.2 3.2 / 3.2 3.2 / 3.2

The lowest concentrations of juniper and immortelle essential oils that were the most effective against NTMs in the checkerboard synergy method

Essential oil M. avium M. intracellulare M. gordonae
Immortelle 0.006 0.012 1.6 0.006 0.4 0.8
Juniper 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.2 0.1
FICHI 0.001 0.004 0.5 0.002 0.13 0.25
FICJU 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.13 0.06
FICi 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.26 0.31
Interaction Sy Sy Ad Ad Sy Sy
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